英语人教八年级下册现在完成时态.pptx

一)构成:have/has+动词过去分词第1页/共46页二)含义:(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用 的 时 间 状 语 有 already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.第2页/共46页句式构成1.肯定句:S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。第3页/共46页2.否定句:S(语)+have/has+not+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。第4页/共46页3.一般疑问句Have/has+S(主语)+PP(过去分词)?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+have/hasnt.第5页/共46页（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)I have seen him since his wedding day.Ihaventseenhimsincehisweddingday.Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday?第6页/共46页He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句)Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill?HehasntwrittentomesinceIhavebeenill第7页/共46页不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：1）AAA型(三种都一样)如：costcostcostcutcutcuthurthurthurtshutshutshutsetsetset 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)如:bring-brought-brought catchcaughtcaughtleadledled 第8页/共46页3）ABC型(三种都不一样)如：begin-began-begungrowgrewgrownringrangrungbreakbrokebroken4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)如:come-came-come becomebecamebecomerunranrun 第9页/共46页I.写出下列动词的过去分词形式.1.wake_2.teach_3.sell_4.see_5.ride_6.pay_7.choose_8.throw_9.think_10.eat_11.drive_12.catch_13.bring_14.break_15.give_16.get_17.know_18.open_19.write_20.forget_WokentaughtSoldseenRiddenpaidChosenthrownThoughteatenDrivencaughtBroughtbrokenGivengottenKnownopenedWrittenforgotten第10页/共46页1.现在完成时中标志词的用法区别1.Already肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Eg.Ivealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=Ivehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?第11页/共46页注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.Shesalreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.第12页/共46页2.yet在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Eg.Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Have you had breakfastyet?第13页/共46页注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:一般疑问句:Ihaventdonemyhomeworkyet.Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?第14页/共46页3.ever在现在完成时中的用法肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Eg.IveeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?第15页/共46页4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg.IveneverbeentoBeijing.第16页/共46页注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Eg.Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermadedumplings.第17页/共46页5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg.Ivejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?第18页/共46页6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”Eg.Iveseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?第19页/共46页(定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.第20页/共46页1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间第21页/共46页2.since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.第22页/共46页注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?第23页/共46页注3):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中.Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.第24页/共46页短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换第25页/共46页5.短暂动词和延续动词转换bebebe overbe overbe backbe backbe away(from)be away(from)be open/be closedbe open/be closedbe onbe onbe overbe overbe deadbe deadhave a coldhave a coldbe interested inbe interested inbe marriedbe married瞬间动词 vs延续动词第26页/共46页wear/beonbe upbe upbebe a awakewakebe asleepbe asleepbe in=be a member ofbe in=be a member ofbe in/atbe in/at第27页/共46页练习判断：他到达车站半个小时了He has arrived at the station for half an hour()Hehasbeenatthestationforhalfanhour.orHearrivedatthestationhalfanhouragoHe_theLeaguesincetwoyearsagoA.JoinedB.hasjoinedC.hasbeenin翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-Thefilmhasbeenonforfifteenminutes.第28页/共46页 have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in的用法区别 1“Have/hasbeento+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never等时间连用。2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。3“have/hasbeenin+地名”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记：been to，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清；have/has been to+地名，曾经到过某地行；have/hasgone to+地点，到某地去了已走远。have/hasbeenin+地名，已经在某地了。第29页/共46页用have/has been to和have/has gone to填空1.Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？No，I .2.What about your sister，Lily？Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to第30页/共46页四)Itis+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed+since+句子(一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.第31页/共46页练习l自从我来到这正好两天ItisjusttwodayssinceIcamehereTwodayshaspassedsinceIcameherelIt_(be)tenyearssinceI_(finish)middleschool.ishasbeenfinished第32页/共46页（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。第33页/共46页HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）HelivedinBejingin1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）第34页/共46页TranslationTranslation1.1.他昨天去北京了。他昨天去北京了。2.2.他去北京两天了。他去北京两天了。HewenttoBeijingyesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）HehasbeeninBeijingfortwodays.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）第35页/共46页用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.Havemendedhavedidmendmendedhaventseenjoinedhasbeen第36页/共46页4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.hasgivensmokingsmokehaventcomewenthaventvisited第37页/共46页6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)7.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.(already,just,since)10.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet)forjusteversinceyet第38页/共46页II.将下列句子中的动词改为现在完成时.1.Johnisdrawingapicture.2.Iwritemynameonthe4card.3.Tomblowsoutthelight.4.Thecatdrinksitsmilk.5.Thetreefallsacrosstheroad.6.Myparentsgivemeapresent.Johnhasdrawnapicture.Ihavewrittenmynameonthecard.Tomhasblownoutthelight.Thecathasdrunkitsmilk.Thetreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Myparentshavegivenmeapresent.第39页/共46页单项选择1.He_working.A.havejuststartedB.hasjuststartedC.Hasjuststars2._you_yoursuitcaseyet?A.Do,packB.did,packC.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I_myroomalready.A.havetidiedB.hadtidiedC.willtidy第40页/共46页4.I_myplaneticket,butIcantfindit.A.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.haveboughtD.havebuyed5.-WhathasDenisdone?-He_overavase.A.hasknockedB.hadknockedC.knockedD.isknocking6.Theycantbuyacomputerbecausethey_alltheirmoney.A.arespendingB.havespentC.spendD.willspend第41页/共46页Homework1.我已经离开那所学校两年了。2.这个小孩已经生病两天了。3.这本书小明已经借了一周了。4.这家书店已经开业五年了。5.我妈妈去超市了。她很快就回来了。第42页/共46页Thankyou!第43页/共46页III.用have/hasbeento,have/hasbeenin或have/hasgoneto填空1.-Whereisyourbrother?-He_theshop.Hellbebacksoon.2.-_youever_America?-Yes,I_NewYorktwice.3.-Hereyouareatlast!Where_you_?-I_Londonfortwomonths.-Whendidyoucomeback,then?-Icamebackonlythismorning.第44页/共46页4.We_thisclasssincelastweek.5.-Howlong_you_China?-Twoyears.6.-David_Australia.-Imsurehesalreadyarrived.第45页/共46页感谢您的观看！第46页/共46页