英语语法精讲虚拟语气.pptx

第1页/共28页虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在语气在条件句条件句中的用法中的用法虚拟语气在虚拟语气在名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从表语从句句,同位语从句同位语从句)中的用法中的用法虚拟语气在虚拟语气在其他情况其他情况中的应用中的应用第2页/共28页虚拟语气在条件句中的用法虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件从句中的谓语形式条件从句中的谓语形式主句的主句的谓语形式谓语形式表示现在表示现在情况情况If I(you,he,she,we,they)+动动词过去式词过去式should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形表示过去表示过去情况情况If I(you,he,she,we,they)+had+过去分词过去分词should/would/could/might+have+动词原形动词原形表示将来表示将来情况情况If I(you,he,she,we,they)+动动词过去式词过去式If I(you,he,she,we,they)+should+动词原形动词原形If I(you,he,she,we,they)+were to+动词原形动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形第3页/共28页e.g.1.If there were no air,the sky would be black.2.If we had had enough money,we would have bought it.3.If you should fall,you would be injured.4.If I got the news,I would let you know.第4页/共28页省略if的虚拟条件句 在虚拟条件句中,如谓语包含were,was,had,should等词,则把这些词放在主句前面省略if.如:Were you not here,none of us would come.If you were not here,none of us would come.Should she come here,we would discuss this matter with her.If she should come here,we would discuss this matter with her.第5页/共28页混合(时间错综)型虚拟条件句通常虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词指时间是一致的,但有时也可指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.If I were you,I would have taken his advice.If you had not watched television so late last night,you would not be so sleepy.第6页/共28页含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他形式表示,常用的词和短语:without,but for,butthat,otherwise,or,but等.1)but for,without,under,with 等介词引导的虚拟语气.*Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.第7页/共28页*But for your help,I should have been drowned.With better equipment,we could have done it better.2)otherwise,but,or 引导的虚拟语气.*I should have returned the book last week,but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.*He felt very tired yesterday,or he would have attended the party.第8页/共28页3)But that意为”要不是”,也可用来引导虚拟语气But that he had no money at the time,he would have come to help us.4)分词短语和不定式短语也可引导隐含的虚拟条件句.You would have laughed to see him jump aside.5)在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来,谓语动词用should/would be和should/would have been的虚拟形式.You should have come earlier.第9页/共28页 虚拟语气与祈使语气的混合使用在有些情况下,条件句的谓语由+动词原形构成,这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气,也可是祈使语气*If it should rain,the plan will/would be called off.*Should anyone phone,please tell them Im busy.*Even if(If)it should get stormy,I will go.第10页/共28页 在If it were(had been)not for型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于“If it were(had been)not for”句型中,意为”要不然”*If it were not for peace,we could not be living a happy life today.*If it had not been for your help,I would have gone bankrupt.第11页/共28页 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句同位语从句)中的用法中的用法.命令命令,建议建议,要求要求,愿望愿望,惊讶惊讶,喜悦喜悦,遗憾遗憾,惋惜惋惜.第12页/共28页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在主语从句主语从句中中的用法的用法.It is+It is+It is+It is+形容词形容词形容词形容词+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句(从句用从句用从句用从句用虚拟语虚拟语气气should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should可省可省)形容词形容词形容词形容词:advisable,advisable,advisable,advisable,necessary,necessary,necessary,necessary,better,essentbetter,essentbetter,essentbetter,essential,ial,ial,ial,strange,importantstrange,importantstrange,importantstrange,important,right,surpr,right,surpr,right,surpr,right,surprising,regretful,desirable,naturalising,regretful,desirable,naturalising,regretful,desirable,naturalising,regretful,desirable,natural等等等等 It is+It is+It is+It is+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句(从句用从句用从句用从句用虚拟虚拟语气语气should+should+动词形动词形,should,should可省可省)过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词:decided,demanded,ordered,required,decided,demanded,ordered,required,decided,demanded,ordered,required,decided,demanded,ordered,required,recommended,requested,suggested,drecommended,requested,suggested,drecommended,requested,suggested,drecommended,requested,suggested,desired,esired,esired,esired,It is+It is+It is+It is+名词名词名词名词+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句(从句用从句用从句用从句用虚拟语气虚拟语气should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should可省可省)名词名词名词名词:duty,pity,no surprise,no:duty,pity,no surprise,no:duty,pity,no surprise,no:duty,pity,no surprise,no wonder,regret,shamewonder,regret,shamewonder,regret,shamewonder,regret,shame第13页/共28页e.g.1.It is essential that you(should)join the club activities.2.It was suggested that he(should)join the club activities.3.It is a pity that he(should)refuse to accept the offer.第14页/共28页虚拟虚拟语气语气宾语宾语从句从句中的中的用法用法.1)1)1)1)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气用虚拟语气用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,用来表示建议用来表示建议用来表示建议用来表示建议,命令和要求等命令和要求等命令和要求等命令和要求等.其其其其形式为形式为形式为形式为:主语主语主语主语+动词动词动词动词+(that)+(should)+(that)+(should)+(that)+(should)+(that)+(should)+动词原动词原动词原动词原形形形形常用词常用词常用词常用词:advise,order,command,decide,:advise,order,command,decide,:advise,order,command,decide,:advise,order,command,decide,propose,demand,recommend,desire,propose,demand,recommend,desire,propose,demand,recommend,desire,propose,demand,recommend,desire,Request,require,suggest,determine,Request,require,suggest,determine,Request,require,suggest,determine,Request,require,suggest,determine,Insist,intendInsist,intendInsist,intendInsist,intend等等等等.I DROP CAPS.e.g.He e.g.He insistedinsisted that the meeting that the meeting be put offbe put off.They They proposedproposed that all the plans that all the plans(should)(should)bebe discusseddiscussed at the meeting.at the meeting.注意注意:当当suggest,insistsuggest,insist等动词表示等动词表示”暗示暗示,坚持说坚持说”时时,从句不用从句不用虚拟语气虚拟语气.His expression His expression suggestedsuggested that he that he waswas unhappyunhappy.He He insisted insisted that hethat he was was innocent.innocent.第15页/共28页第16页/共28页虚拟虚拟语气语气表语表语从句从句和同和同位语位语从句从句中的中的用法用法.在表示建议在表示建议,命令命令,主张主张,目的和愿望等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词目的和愿望等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气.其形式为其形式为:(should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形常用名词有常用名词有:advice,decision,desire,necessity,order,advice,decision,desire,necessity,order,preference,proposal,recommendation,reqpreference,proposal,recommendation,request,uest,requirement,suggestion,resolutionrequirement,suggestion,resolution(决心决心,决决议议)e.g.He gave e.g.He gave orders orders that the guests that the guests(should)be(should)be hospitably entertained.hospitably entertained.His His proposalproposal is that we is that we(should)get rid of(should)get rid of the the bad habits.bad habits.第17页/共28页虚拟语气虚拟语气在其他情在其他情况中的应况中的应用用 1.1.在在would rather,would sooner,would just would rather,would sooner,would just as soon,might as well,would preferas soon,might as well,would prefer等句等句型中的虚拟语气型中的虚拟语气.意为意为”宁愿宁愿,但愿但愿”.其形式为其形式为:对现在的虚拟和对将来的虚拟对现在的虚拟和对将来的虚拟:would rather(would sooner)+would rather(would sooner)+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式对过去的虚拟对过去的虚拟:would rather(would sooner)+would rather(would sooner)+主语主语+had+had+过去过去分词分词 Id rather he Id rather he didnt didnt go now.go now.Id just as soon you Id just as soon you had beenhad been here here yesterday.yesterday.注注:would rather:would rather后也可以直接跟动词原形表示现后也可以直接跟动词原形表示现在或将来的愿望在或将来的愿望;现在完成式表示过去的愿望现在完成式表示过去的愿望.Id rather Id rather go go to have class.to have class.They would rather not They would rather not have beenhave been to the to the party.party.第18页/共28页虚拟语气在其虚拟语气在其他情况中的应他情况中的应用用 2.2.在在Its(high/about)time Its(high/about)time(that)(that)句型中的虚拟语气句型中的虚拟语气.从句常用从句常用过去式过去式,也可用也可用 should+should+动词原形动词原形.表示表示早该做而未做的事情早该做而未做的事情,含建含建议的意味议的意味.意为意为”该是该是的的时候了时候了.”.”*It is time(that)we*It is time(that)we wentwent home.home.*It is high time(that)the*It is high time(that)the weather weather improvedimproved.*It is time(that)the boy*It is time(that)the boy(should)goshould)go to school.to school.第19页/共28页虚拟语气在其虚拟语气在其他情况中的应他情况中的应用用 3.If only 3.If only 引起的感叹句中的虚引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气拟语气.表愿望表愿望.其形式为其形式为:对现在的虚拟对现在的虚拟:过去式过去式对将来的虚拟对将来的虚拟:would/could+would/could+动词原形动词原形 对过去的虚拟对过去的虚拟:过去完成时过去完成时.*If only he*If only he were were here!here!*If only you*If only you would listenwould listen to our advise!to our advise!*If only she*If only she could marrycould marry me!me!*If only I*If only I had not beenhad not been busy last week!busy last week!第20页/共28页虚拟语气在其虚拟语气在其他情况中的应他情况中的应用用 4.4.由由as ifas if和和 as thoughas though引起的虚拟语气引起的虚拟语气.其形式为其形式为:as if(though)+as if(though)+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式(现在现在)could/would+could/would+动词动词原形原形(将来将来)had+had+过去分词过去分词(过去过去)e.g.e.g.*She talks as if she She talks as if she knewknew all about it.all about it.*He behaved as if nothing *He behaved as if nothing had had happenedhappened.*She talks about it again and again *She talks about it again and again as though she as though she would never endwould never end.注注:在在as ifas if和和 as thoughas though引导的句中引导的句中,若主句中的若主句中的谓语动词为系动词谓语动词为系动词(appear,sound,feel,smell,taste,look),(appear,sound,feel,smell,taste,look),从句则从句则用陈述语气时居多用陈述语气时居多.如如:She looks as if she She looks as if she is going tois going to cry.cry.It seems as if we It seems as if well ll have to have to walk home.walk home.第21页/共28页虚拟语气在其虚拟语气在其他情况中的应他情况中的应用用 5.had hoped 5.had hoped 后跟虚拟语后跟虚拟语气气 表示过去未实现的愿望表示过去未实现的愿望,意意 为为”想要想要,希望希望”.从句中的从句中的谓语谓语 动词常用动词常用:would+would+动词动词原形原形e.g.e.g.We We had hopedhad hoped that you that you wouldwould staystay with us with us for some time.for some time.第22页/共28页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在名词名词性从句性从句(主语从主语从句句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位同位语从句语从句)中的用中的用法法.命令命令,建议建议,要要求求,愿望愿望,惊讶惊讶,喜悦喜悦,遗憾遗憾,惋惋惜惜.It is+It is+It is+It is+形容词形容词形容词形容词+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句(从句用从句用从句用从句用虚虚拟语气拟语气should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should可可省省)形容词形容词形容词形容词:advisable,advisable,advisable,advisable,necessary,necessary,necessary,necessary,better,essbetter,essbetter,essbetter,essential,ential,ential,ential,strange,importantstrange,importantstrange,importantstrange,important,right,right,right,right,surprising,regretful,desirable,surprising,regretful,desirable,surprising,regretful,desirable,surprising,regretful,desirable,naturalnaturalnaturalnatural等等等等 It is+It is+It is+It is+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句(从句用从句用从句用从句用虚拟语气虚拟语气should+should+动词形动词形,should,should可可省省)过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词:decided,demanded,ordered,requidecided,demanded,ordered,requidecided,demanded,ordered,requidecided,demanded,ordered,required,recommended,requested,suggred,recommended,requested,suggred,recommended,requested,suggred,recommended,requested,suggested,desired,ested,desired,ested,desired,ested,desired,It is+It is+It is+It is+名词名词名词名词+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句(从句用从句用从句用从句用虚拟虚拟语气语气should+should+动词原形动词原形,should,should可省可省)名词名词名词名词:duty,pity,no:duty,pity,no:duty,pity,no:duty,pity,no surprise,no wonder,surprise,no wonder,surprise,no wonder,surprise,no wonder,regret,shameregret,shameregret,shameregret,shame第23页/共28页1.It is+形容词+that从句(从句用虚拟语气should+动词原 形,should可省)常用的形容词有:advisable,necessary,better,essential,strange,important,right,surprising,regretful,desirable,natural等 第24页/共28页 2.It is+过去分词+that从句(从句用虚拟语气should+动词形,should可省)常用的常用的过去分词:decided,demanded,ordered,required,recommended,requested,suggested,desired,第25页/共28页 3.It is+名词名词+that从句从句(从句用从句用虚拟语气虚拟语气should+动词原形动词原形,should可省可省)常用的常用的名词名词:duty,pity,no surprise,no wonder,regret,shame第26页/共28页第27页/共28页感谢您的观看！第28页/共28页