Unit2MoralsandVirtues词汇学案高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册.docx

高中英语人教版（2019）必修 第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues学案【学习目标】掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。【知识运用】.重点单词1precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的2majority n大部分；大多数the majority 大多数(其作主语表整体时，谓语用单数；若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。)the majority ofn.U单数谓语the majority ofn.pl.复数谓语be in the/a majority占大多数by/with a majority of以大多数(赢得)minority n少数民族；少数a/the minority of少数be in the/a minority占少数3complain vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb.) that.(向某人)抱怨 complaint n抱怨；投诉；控告 make a complaint about sth.抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to sb.向某人抱怨/投诉4fee n专业服务费；报酬5respond vt.回答；回复 vt.做出反应；回应respond to sb./sth.(with/ by sth.)(用)回答某人/回复某事(比 answer, reply to正式)respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response n反应；回答；回复response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to作为对的反应6hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n租借；租用for/on hire 出租7reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用rejection n拒绝接受；否决8appoint vt.任命；委派appoint sb.(as/to be)职位某人担任职位appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事appointment n任命；委派；约定make/have an appointment with sb.与某人有约keep/break an appointment守约/违约appointed adj.约定的；指定的9elect vt.选举；推选elect to do sth.决定做某事elect sb. as选举某人当election n选举；推选；当选10decade n十年；十年期for/during/in/over the past/last few decades在过去的几十年里(常和现在完成时连用)11tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事tend to/towards sth.趋向，倾向tend (to) sb./sth.(look after sb./sth.)照顾/护理tendency n倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向12staff n员工；全体职员；拐杖13retire vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)retire from.从退休(役)/退出retire (from.)(to.)退下；退出；离开(尤指到僻静处)retired adj.已退职的；已退休的retirement n退休；退职14principle n道德原则；法则；原则in principle 原则上；理论上on principle 根据原则15scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑scare sb. into/out of(doing) sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事It scares sb. to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事scared adj.害怕的；对感到惊慌或恐惧的be scared of doing/to do sth.害怕做某事be scared (that).害怕16replace vt.接替；取代；更换replace.with/by.用代替replace sb.as.取代某人而成为replace sb./sth.take the place of sb./sth.取代某人/某物take the place of take one's place接替in place ofin one's place代替out of place不在合适的位置；不得体17whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传in a whisper (in whispers) 低声地whisper about sth. 密谈某事whisper sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事whisper (to sb.) that. 小声(对某人)说It is whispered that.有人私下说18export n出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播export sth. to.向出口某物import vt.&vi.进口n.U进口；C，常pl.进口商品19bite vi.&vt.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蛰 n咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤20assist vt.帮助；援助assist sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事assist sb. in doing sth./to do sth.帮助某人做某事assistance n援助；帮助；补助assistant n助手；助理 adj.辅助的；助理的come to sb.'s assistance帮助某人with the assistance of在的帮助下21chain n一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 vt.用链条拴住in chains 被囚禁；戴着镣铐a chain of 一系列的；一连串的a chain of supermarkets (a supermarket chain) 连锁超市chain store(s) 连锁店22harm n& vt.伤害；损害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is (no) harm in (sb.'s) doing sth. (某人)做某事有(无)害处It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处mean no harm 没有恶意harmful adj.有害的；伤害的harmless adj.无害的be harmful to 对有害23flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的24therefore adv.因此；所以.重点短语1carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关carry through实现；完成carry on (doing sth./with sth.)继续(做某事)；坚持carry out贯彻；执行；履行carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示carry away运走， 使失去自制力2instead of而不是；代替3in need of需要have the need for sth.需要某物in want of 需要satisfy/meet a need 满足要求4care for照看；照料；喜欢care about关心；在乎take care小心；注意take care of照顾；照料5be responsible for对负责；作为原因，成为起因responsibility n责任；负责a strong sense of responsibility很强的责任感6treat.as.把看作/当作其近义表达有：treat sb./yourself (to sth.)招待；款待7pass away去世pass.off as.(把某人)改变或冒充成pass by从旁边经过pass down(世代)相传pass.on to.把传递给pass through通过，穿过；经历，体验8in memory of作为对的纪念inn.of 短语：in praise of 歌颂in honor of 纪念；为向表示敬意in favor of 赞同in support of 支持in charge of 负责 in search of 寻找in possession of 拥有 in need/want of需要in place of 代替 in hope of 希望9in tears流着泪；含着泪in在结构中表示“处于状态”的短语：in action在行动in advance 事先in anger 气愤地 in common共有，共同in danger处于危险中 in debt欠债in detail详细地 in doubt怀疑in excitement兴奋地 in amazement 惊讶地in general 大体上 in operation 生效，运转着in place 在适当的位置 in reality实际上in return 作为报答 in secret秘密地in shape 处于良好状态 in short 简言之in sight看得见 in silence沉默地in vain 白白地 in thought 思考in trouble有麻烦 in turn依次10a great deal (of)大量表示“许多”的表达：a large amount of不可数名词a great/good many可数名词a great/good number of可数名词plenty of可数/不可数名词a lot of(lots of)可数/不可数名词11belong to属于【阅读探究】阅读探究Morals and VirtuesQ1: What hard choices was Dr Lin faced with throughout her life? Q2: What were the results of her choices?Q3: What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning Dr Lins life choices?【句型梳理】1、To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying Im cold, hungry, or tired?  对一个人来说, 没有什么比生命更珍贵, 如果他们把生命托付给我, 我怎么能拒绝这种信任, 说我又冷又饿又累? 【句式解构】本句中使用了“否定词+谓语动词+比较级”表示最高级的用法。这种结构中的常用否定词还有no, not, never, nobody, hardly, seldom等。I have never seen a better film. 我没看过比这部更好的电影。No one can be more careful than she is. 没有人比她更细心。How did your interview go? 你的面试如何? I couldnt feel better about it! 我对那次面试的感觉再好不过了!【知识延伸】表示最高级意义的常用表达法: 否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as2、She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。【句式解构】句中不定式to be hired作定语, 修饰the first woman, 与the first woman之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。当被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时, 常用不定式作后置定语。It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. 它是赢得所有这三项大奖的第一部戏剧。【知识延伸】英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有: (1)被修饰词前有the only, the very, the next等词时。The next thing to do is to relax yourself completely. 下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。(2)抽象名词time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。I had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month. 上个月我有幸游览了长城。(3)不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。I have something important to tell you. 我有要事相告。(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词, 不定式后面就要有必要的介词。(2)如果不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出, 则不定式应使用被动语态。She has only a little room to live in. 她只有一个小房间居住。I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 我下周打算去北京。你有东西带给你儿子吗? 3、At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 有时候, 甚至有人看到她骑着毛驴到偏远村庄提供医疗救治。 本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构, riding a donkey为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。All of a sudden I noticed a foreign woman coming hurriedly and shouting in English, “ Help! ”突然, 我看到一名外国女士匆忙跑过来, 并用英语大声喊着“救命! ”I was delighted to see you win the first prize. 我很高兴看到你获得了一等奖。 感官动词的复合结构, 也就是后跟宾语+宾语补足语。宾语补足语有三种形式: 现在分词、省略to的不定式和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行; 省略to的不定式表示已经完成, 或者是经常发生; 过去分词表示被动。4、The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.新中国成立见证了林巧稚医生发挥的重要作用。【句式解构】句中see在此处的主语为物, 意为“见证; 目睹”, 是一种拟人的用法, 可使语言变得生动。see, find等动词表示在某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事, 可以使用一个无生命的名词作主语。The stone bridge saw many changes of this city. 这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。The past 30 years have seen the great changes that have taken place in my hometown. 过去30年我的家乡发生了很大变化。The dusk found a little girl crying in the street. 黄昏时, 一个小女孩在街上哭泣。Four eyes see more than two. 集思广益。(这一贴切的比喻启示我们多合作。)【语法解析】1. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her through a life of hard choices. 林巧稚医生的这些话可以让我们了解这位了不起的女性的内心, 以及是什么帮助她渡过人生中的艰难选择的。 Thats my study plan for the summer holidays, and Ill try my best to carry it out. 那就是我的暑假学习计划, 我将尽我最大的努力执行下去。 Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying. 只有当你身体健康状况良好的时候你才能继续学习。carry through完成; 进行到底carry out执行, 实行; 贯彻; 实现carry on开展; 维持; 继续carry forward继承, 弘扬2. majority n. 大部分; 大多数(2020·新高考全国卷)However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 然而, 大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者, 是因为他们受过训练。 Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the majority. 在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车, 但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。(1)a/the majority of. . . 大多数be in the majority 占大部分/大多数(2)minority n. 少数; 少数派/人be in the minority 占少数the/a majority of+名词, 表示“大多数”, 谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致; the majority单独作主语时, 谓语动词用单复数均可。The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的破损很容易修复。3. complain vi. &vt. 抱怨; 发牢骚My father is very brave, hard-working, responsible and most importantly he never complains. 我的父亲非常勇敢、勤劳、负责, 最为重要的是, 他从来不抱怨。September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summers end. 九月即将来临, 我们中的一些人已经在抱怨夏季的结束了。 I have to make a complaint about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant. 我要投诉你们餐馆里极差的食物和服务。(1)complain to sb. 向某人抱怨, 发牢骚complain about sth. 抱怨某事(2)complaintn. 投诉, 抱怨, 怨言make a complaint about抱怨4. respond vt. 回答; 回复 vi. 做出反应; 回应She responded, “Id rather stay single to study all my life! ”她回答: “我宁愿一辈子不嫁人, 也要学医! ” With the help of his teammate, the operator responded immediately to the accident. 在他队友的帮助下, 操作员对事故立刻做出了反应。 The retired man contributed many books to the poor children in response to my request. 这个退休的人应我的请求而捐了许多书给贫穷的孩子们。 She made no response to my question, which made me very angry. 她没有回答我的问题, 这使我非常生气。(1)respond to对做出回应或反应(2)responsen. 回答, 答复; 反应in response to响应; 答复make (a) response to回答, 对做出回应5. appoint vt. 任命; 委派In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 1941年, 林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任。We appointed him to be president of the club. 我们任命他为俱乐部主任。We are considering appointing him to act as a secretary. 我们在考虑指定他当秘书。I left early because I had an appointment later that day. 因为那天晚些时候我有个约会, 就早点离开了。(1)appoint sb. as/to be . . . 任命某人为appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn. 任命; 约会make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会keep/break an appointment守/违约6. tend vt. 照顾; 照料 vi. 倾向; 趋于She was more interested in tending patients and publishing medical research. 她更感兴趣的是照料病人和发表医学研究。 His views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于极端。 He tends to lose his temper when he hears bad news. 他一听到坏消息就会发脾气。 It is said that women tend to live longer than men. 据说, 女人往往比男人长寿。She had a tendency to talk fast when she was nervous. 她紧张时往往会说话很快。(1)tend to do/be. . . 容易/易于/趋向tend (to) sb. /sth. 照顾/护理/看护(2)tendencyn. 趋向; 倾向have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做; 喜欢做There is a tendency towards/to (do) sth. 有一种的趋势/倾向7. scared adj. 害怕的; 对感到惊慌或恐惧的She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions. 她在面试时如此害怕以至于完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。(2019·全国卷) The gun shots had scared the dog off. 枪声把狗吓跑了。We are always facing the problem of scaring birds away from airport runways. 我们总是面临着如何把鸟从机场跑道吓跑的问题。Theres nothing in school that can make you scared. Cheer yourself up. 在学校里没有什么能让你害怕。鼓起勇气吧。(1)scare away/off吓走, 吓跑be scared to death吓得要死(2)scaredadj. 害怕的; 对感到惊慌或恐惧的be scared of sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事be scared to do sth. 不敢去做某事(3)scaryadj. 可怕的; 恐怖的8. replace vt. 接替; 取代; 更换The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary. 学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议, 选举一个人来接替秘书职位。Its not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks. 不吃正餐, 改吃点心, 这不是什么好主意。Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom. 课堂上电脑永远也代替不了老师。 The librarian asked me to replace the book on the shelf after reading. 图书管理员让我看完书后把它放回书架上。replace A with/by B用B替换Areplace sth. +prep. /adv. 把某物放回原处【巩固练习】1.Cooperation can create a win-win situation. In this situation both sides can benefit by the virtue of joint efforts.将此句升级为含有定语从句的句子Cooperation can create a win-win situation, _/_ _ _ _ can benefit by the virtue of joint efforts.2.团队合作帮助我们获得了许多胜利。Teamwork helps us _ _ _.3.事实上,这则寓言反映出不同的态度可能导致不同的结果。_ _ _ _ _ , the fable mirrors that different attitudes may _ _ different results.4.这则寓言与读者分享了一个关于两只羊的故事。为了吃到两侧的青草它们选择合作而不是竞争。The fable _ a story about two sheep _ readers. Both of them choose cooperation _ _ competition _ _ _ eat the fresh grass of both sides.5._ vt. 帮助;援助6._ n.高尚的道德；美德;优秀品质7._ adv. 因此;所以8._n. 寓言;寓言故事参考答案1.答案： where; in; which; both; sides解析：2.答案： win; numerous; victories解析：3.答案： As; a; matter; of; fact; lead; to解析： 4.答案：shares; with; rather; than; in; order; to解析： 5.答案：assist解析：6.答案：virtue解析： 7.答案：therefore解析：8.答案：fable解析：