英语选修语法动词不定式.pptx

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。动词不定式第1页/共37页1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用第2页/共37页1.To do that sort of thing is foolish.Its foolish to do that sort of things.(主语)It would be better for you to go there.2.All you have to do is to finish the job quickly.What I want to do is to have a rest.(表语)3.He promised not to tell anyone about it.(宾语)He found it difficult to get up early.4.He is the only person to know the truth.Betty was the first girl to come.（定语）5.She asked me to stay here.（宾补）6.The boy is old enough to go to school.（状语）He went to the seaside only to be drowned.第3页/共37页一.结构:to do (否定)not/never to do 二.时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-第4页/共37页(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)第5页/共37页Marty says2.I used to climb trees,swim and play football.3.Then I started to get weaker and weaker.1.Unfortunately,the doctors dont know how to make me better,but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.第6页/共37页4.Even after all that,no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5.Sometimes,too,I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.Marty says第7页/共37页Marty says7.Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8.I also have to do a lot of work,especially if I have been away for a while.9.Just accept them for who they are,and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.第8页/共37页Do you believe I can fly like a bird?第9页/共37页How can you believe I can fly like a bird?_is to believe.Its impossible for humans _now.To seeto fly like a bird第10页/共37页To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well.1.主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Its impossible for humans to fly like a bird now.第11页/共37页My job to_.Your task to_.isis(2).不定式作表语protect the world.第12页/共37页My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis第13页/共37页He likes to_.(3)不定式作宾语play basketball第14页/共37页常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,appear,ask,attempt；decide,demand,determine；expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,manage,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish 等+to do。第15页/共37页I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 第16页/共37页My mother ask me to_two hours every day.(4).不定式作宾补play the piano第17页/共37页The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sb to do sth第18页/共37页I have something to say,but my brother has a lot of homework to do,so I am looking for someone to help me.(5).不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。第19页/共37页He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.第20页/共37页I got up early to_.I came here to_.(6)不定式作状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,catch the train第21页/共37页 He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.(1.)表示目的:to in order to so as to6 作状语He got up early to catch the train.I came here to see you.第22页/共37页(2.)表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,angry,right,wrong,disappointed等。eg:Im glad/pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.第23页/共37页so+adj./adv.+as to dosuch+adj.+n.+as to doadj./adv.+enough+to do He was so foolish as to believe it.=He was such a fool as to believe it.=He was foolish enough to believe it.(3.)结果状语:注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果。He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.第24页/共37页To tell the truth,I am not happy at the moment.(7).独立结构to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth第25页/共37页He didnt know _.(8).与疑问词等连用what to say第26页/共37页疑问词 who,which,when,how,what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.(宾语)他不知道说什么。How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。My question is when to start.(表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。疑问词+不定式第27页/共37页注意：(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.A:Would you like to go with me?B:Id like to.(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.A:Would you like to be a teacher?B:Id like to be.第28页/共37页第29页/共37页1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B.to explain C.being explained D.explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being第30页/共37页4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenC.to be weaving D.to weave5._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.Having sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.To sleep 6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off第31页/共37页7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,made8.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study第32页/共37页9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned10.We find it impossible for us _ the work ahead of time.A.to be finished B.finishing C.being finished D.to finish11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go 第33页/共37页12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made13.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his teacher entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read第34页/共37页15.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to第35页/共37页第36页/共37页感谢您的观看！第37页/共37页