雅思小作文柱图表图写作.pptx

p表示向上:increase,rise,grow,improve,go up,climb,take off,shoot up,rocket,soar,jump,recover,bounce backp下降:reduce,decrease,go down,fall,drop,come down,fall off,collapse,crash,slump,plummet,plunge,slide,shrink,dwindle（逐渐减少到没有或耗尽）p稳 定 或 水 平:remain,stable,steady,constant,stagnate,flatten out,level off,hold,stay at the same level,stabilize,be similar to,there is littlehardly anyno changep在底部:reach a low point,bottom out,recover,reach the bottom,reach the rock,hit a troughp在顶部：reach a peak,top out,reach the highest pointthe topthe summitthe most,peak inat柱图常用词汇第1页/共106页名词p增加：an increase,a rise,a growth,an improvement,an upturn,a surge,an upsurge,an upward trendp下 降：a fall,a decrease,a decline,a drop,a downturn,a downturn trend形容词和副词pabrupt(ly),sudden(ly),considerable(considerably),substantial(ly)(相当),dramatic(ally),drastic(ally)(急剧),sharp(ly),quick(ly),rapid(ly),marked(ly),significant(ly),gradual(ly),moderate(ly)(适 当),slight(ly),slow(ly),steady(steadily)柱图常用词汇第2页/共106页Language for comparisons第3页/共106页Language for comparisonsmore thanThere are more boys than girls in class A.Class A has fewer girls than boys.fewer than第4页/共106页Language for comparisonsthe number ofThe number of boys is larger/greater/higher than that of girls in class A.第5页/共106页Language for comparisonsthe percentage ofThe percentage of boys is larger/greater/higher than that of girls in class A(67%and 33%,respectively).第6页/共106页Language for comparisonsoutnumberBoys outnumber girls in class A.exceedThe number of boys exceeds that of girls in class A.第7页/共106页The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.第8页/共106页P1The bar graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20%in 1960 to about 26%in 1980,but then fell back to about 23%in 2000.Use of the tube was relatively stable,falling from 27%of commuters in 1960 to 22%in 1980,but climbing back to reach 25%by 2000.On the other hand,the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5%in 1960 to 23%in 1980,reaching almost 40%by 2000,whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960,falling from just under 35%in 1960 to 27%in 1980 and only 15%in 2000.The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.第9页/共106页P2The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20%in 1960 to about 26%in 1980,but then fell back to about 23%in 2000.Use of the tube was relatively stable,falling from 27%of commuters in 1960 to 22%in 1980,but climbing back to reach 25%by 2000.第10页/共106页P3On the other hand,the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5%in 1960 to 23%in 1980,reaching almost 40%by 2000,whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960,falling from just under 35%in 1960 to 27%in 1980 and only 15%in 2000.第11页/共106页P4The graph indicates the growing use of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.第12页/共106页第13页/共106页SynonymsChart=bar chartDifferent=variousPost-school qualifications=further qualificationsProportion=share/percentageMen and women=male and female =people of different genderWho held them=holding them/reached them/with them第14页/共106页Opening:The various levels of further qualifications in Australia and the share of male and female holding them in 1999 are revealed in the bar chart.第15页/共106页Body1:It is evident that there were significant difference in further education received in terms of different gender.The smallest gender difference is at the bachelor degree,where 55%of students were female,compared with 45%of male.Another case that women outnumbered men is at undergraduate diploma,with 65%and 35%respectively。第16页/共106页Body2:By contrast,the greatest gap of different gender is at skilled vocational diploma,where 90%of people who acquired the diploma were male,while only 10%of them were female.Similarly,men accounted for clearly more than their female counterparts in higher degrees,like masters degree and postgraduate diploma,where male took up 70%and 60%of all respectively.第17页/共106页Ending:Overall,men were more than women in both lower skilled vocational diploma and higher graduate diploma and master degrees,while female prevailed in undergraduate diploma and bachelors degree.第18页/共106页Body1:We can see immediately that there were substantial differences in the proportion of men and women at different levels.The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level,where 90%of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men,compared with only 10%of women.By contrast,more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%)and slightly more women reached degree level(55%).第19页/共106页Body2:At the higher levels of education,men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts(70%and 30%,respectively),and also constituted 60%of Masters graduates.第20页/共106页Ending:Thus we can see that more male than female hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education,while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men.The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelors degree,however.第21页/共106页The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.第22页/共106页196019802000第23页/共106页In 1960,bus was the most popular type of transportation mode,having 40%commuters，which was followed by tube,train and car at 27%,18%and 6%respectively.Twenty years later,the biggest percentage went to train at 28%.Interestingly,people use car and tube shared the same proportion(about 22 percent).At the end of 21st century,car became the most popular choice,which meant 37%people would catch a cab when they chose to work from work.第24页/共106页Thechartsbelowshowthemainreasonsforstudyamongstudentsofdifferentagegroupsandtheamountofsupporttheyreceivedfromemployers.第25页/共106页Thefirstgraphshowsthatthereisagradualdecreaseinstudyforcareerreasonswithage.Nearly80%ofstudentsunder26years,studyfortheircareer.Thispercentagegraduallydeclinesby10-20%everydecade.Only40%of40-49yroldsand18%ofover49yroldsstudyingforcareerreasonsinlateadulthood.Conversely,thefirstgraphalsoshowsthatstudystemmingfrominterestincreaseswithage.Thereareonly10%ofunder26yroldsstudyingoutofinterest.Thepercentageincreasesslowlytillthebeginningofthefourthdecade,andincreasesdramaticallyinlateadulthood.Nearlysamenumberof40-49yroldsstudyforcareerandinterest.However70%ofover49yroldsstudyforinterestincomparisonto18%studyingforcareerreasonsinthatagegroup.Thesecondgraphshowsthatemployersupportismaximum(approximately60%)fortheunder26yrstudents.Itdropsrapidlyto32%uptothethirddecadeoflife,andthenincreasesinlateadulthooduptoabout44%.Itisunclearwhetheremployersupportisonlyforcareer-focusedstudy,butthehighestlevelisforthosestudentswhomainlystudyforcareerpurposes.第26页/共106页Thechartshowsthenumberofmobilephonesandlandlines（固定电话）（固定电话）per100peopleinselectedcountries.第27页/共106页Thegraphshowsthenumberofmobilephonesandlandlinesper100users,forselectedcountries.Overall,mostofthecountriesincludedinthegraphhavemoremobilephonessubscribers（用户）（用户）thanlandlines.MostEuropeancountrieshavehighmobilephoneuse.ThebiggestusersofmobilephonesaretheItalians,with88cellphonesper100people.Forexample,Italyhastwiceasmanymobilephonesaslandlines,with88mobilesperhundredpeoplecomparedto45forlandlines.MobilephoneuseislowinCanada,withfewerthan40phonesper100people.Denmarkisalsounusualbecauseithasslightlymorelandlinesthanmobilephones.However,insomecountries,thenumberoflandlinesishigherthanthenumberofmobilephones.OneexampleistheUSA,wherethenumberofmobiles,at50per100people,ismuchlowerthanthenumberoflandlines,atalmost70perhundred.AsimilarpatterncanbeseeninCanada.ThehighestnumberoflandlinesinthegraphisinDenmark,withabout90per100people.Incontrast,thelowestfiguresforfixedlinesareinItalyandtheUK.Inconclusion,itseemsthatmobilephoneuseishigherinEuropethaninNorthAmerica.第28页/共106页ThechartbelowshowstheamountspentonsixconsumergoodsinfourEuropeancountries.第29页/共106页ThechartshowsthatBritain,amongthefourEuropeancountrieslisted,hasspentmostheavilyontherangeofconsumergoodsincluded.Ineverycase,Britishspendingisconsiderablyhigherthanthatofothercountries;onlyinthecaseoftennisracquetsdoesanothercountry,Italy,comeclose.Incontrast,Germanyisgenerallythelowestspender.ThisIsmostevidentinphotographicfilm,whereGermanyspendsmuchlessthanBritain.Germanyonlyspendsmorethananothercountry,France,intwocases;tennisracquetsandperfumes.Meanwhile,FranceandItalygenerallymaintainmiddlepositions,averagingapproximatelysimilarspendingoverall.Specifically,FrancespendsmoreonCDsandphotographicfilmbutlessontennisracquetsthanItalydoes.ItalysspendingonpersonalstereosisonlymarginallygreaterthanthatofFrance,whilespendingontoysisequalbetweenthetwo.ItisclearfromthedatagiventhattherearesomesignificantdifferencesinspendinghabitswithinEurope.第30页/共106页ThechartbelowshowsinformationaboutHeartAttacksbyAgeandGenderinUSA.第31页/共106页ThegraphshowshowageandgenderinfluencethefrequencyofheartattacksintheUS.Lessthan6%ofallheartattacksoccurinthe29-44agegroup.Thenumberofwomenwhosufferheartattacksinthisgroupisnegligible-only3000peryear,comparedto123,000men.Howevertheproportionofmenandwomenwithheartattacksrisesdramaticallybetween45and64,withoverhalfamillionperyear.Over420,000menayearinthisagegrouphaveheartattacks.Theincidenceamongstwomenincreases-womenhaveoneheartattackforeverythreemeninthisagegroup.Overtheageof65,thenumberofmensufferingheartattacksonlyincreasesslightly.Howeverthereisahugeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwithheartattacks-theycompriseover40%ofallvictims.Inconclusion,menaremorelikelytobethevictimsofheartattacksatallages,butwomenareincreasinglylikelyovertheageof65.第32页/共106页ThegraphshowsestimatedoilproductioncapacityforseveralGulfcountriesbetween1990and2010.第33页/共106页ThegraphshowsOilProductionCapacityinmillionsofbarrelsperdayforselectedGulfcountries.Thereareseveralfeaturesinthisgraph.Themostsignificantfeatureisthatoilproductionwillincreasesharplyinalmostallthecountriesshown.KuwaitandIraqarebothexpectedtodoubletheiroutputbetween1990and2010,withKuwaitsproductionrisingfrom1.8millionbarrelsperday(bpd)in1990to3.8in2010.Iranwillalsoincreaseitsoutputbyaslightlysmalleramount.Afterremainingsteadyat2.5millionbpdfrom1990to2000,theUAEsoutputisexpectedtoapproach4.0millionbpdin2010.OnlyQatarsproductionispredictedtofall,backto0.8millionbpdafteraslightrisein2000.However,thegreatestincreasewillbefromSaudiArabia.In1990,itsoutputcapacityat8.5millionbpdexceededthecombinedproductionofIran,IraqandKuwait.Thisleadisexpectedtocontinuewitha75%increaseinproductionto14.5millionbpd2010.Insummary,whilemostofthecountriesareexpectedtoshowincreases,SaudiArabiawillmaintainandstrengthenitspositionasthemajorproducer.第34页/共106页第35页/共106页审题审题观察横轴与纵轴代表什么及各自的单位或项目。横轴代表职位的高低：从最低的观察横轴与纵轴代表什么及各自的单位或项目。横轴代表职位的高低：从最低的officegradeE到到最高的最高的officegradeA，纵轴代表男女员工所占的百分比：，纵轴代表男女员工所占的百分比：0%-100%；观察横轴有几种柱形，每种代表什么。此图里，共两种柱形：浅色柱表示女员工的比例，深色柱代表男员观察横轴有几种柱形，每种代表什么。此图里，共两种柱形：浅色柱表示女员工的比例，深色柱代表男员工的比例；工的比例；观察每种柱形的升降趋势及最高点，最低点和柱形间的高低差异。在这幅图里，浅色柱随职位的升高而呈观察每种柱形的升降趋势及最高点，最低点和柱形间的高低差异。在这幅图里，浅色柱随职位的升高而呈现下降趋势，；相反，深色柱随职位的升高而呈现上升趋势；在现下降趋势，；相反，深色柱随职位的升高而呈现上升趋势；在officegradeE里，浅色柱达最高点里，浅色柱达最高点(约约为为72%)，而深色柱却为最低点，而深色柱却为最低点(约为约为28%)；与此形成对比的是，在；与此形成对比的是，在officegradeA这里，浅色柱到达这里，浅色柱到达最低点最低点(8%左右左右)，而深色柱却位于最高点，而深色柱却位于最高点(92%左右左右)，深浅色柱差别最大的地方在，深浅色柱差别最大的地方在officegradeA,为为84%；深浅色柱差别最小的地方在；深浅色柱差别最小的地方在officergradeC,为为10%。构思有了详细的审题分析，随后的构思阶段就变得轻而易举了。构思意味着对文章结构的妥善安排，由于构思有了详细的审题分析，随后的构思阶段就变得轻而易举了。构思意味着对文章结构的妥善安排，由于引言段是必不可少的，并且只有一两句话，因此构思的对象主要就是针对主体段落。以此图为例，主体段引言段是必不可少的，并且只有一两句话，因此构思的对象主要就是针对主体段落。以此图为例，主体段落的安排可以有两种方案。落的安排可以有两种方案。按按officegrade的高低逐级描述，从的高低逐级描述，从officegradeE到到officegradeA，共分成，共分成5小段；按照规律，小段；按照规律，如果按男女比例差距的数量大小，可把如果按男女比例差距的数量大小，可把B和和E放一起，放一起，C和和D放一起，放一起，A单独写一段，也就是单独写一段，也就是3小段；按数据小段；按数据差异性质，比如差异性质，比如E和和D都是男少女多，都是男少女多，B和和C都是女少男多，都是女少男多，A单独一段，也就是单独一段，也就是3小段了。小段了。按浅色柱和深色柱来分别进行描述，共分两大段，每段中按浅色柱和深色柱来分别进行描述，共分两大段，每段中officegrade相互比较。但由于女员工比例随级相互比较。但由于女员工比例随级别升高而下降，男员工比例却随级别升高而增加的形式极其明显，因此方案二的写作余地小，应优先选择别升高而下降，男员工比例却随级别升高而增加的形式极其明显，因此方案二的写作余地小，应优先选择方案一。方案一。引言段必须要写，但结尾段则没有强制要求。若要写结尾段，则应以简单的总体趋势描写为主。引言段必须要写，但结尾段则没有强制要求。若要写结尾段，则应以简单的总体趋势描写为主。选词由于是纵向比较，故可选用的方法大致如下：选词由于是纵向比较，故可选用的方法大致如下：twiceasmuchas(倍数比较倍数比较)；thehighest,followedby.(排序排序)；(figure),making.thelowestonein.(数值及排位数值及排位)；athirdasmuchas(分数比较分数比较)。分数和倍数的表达还有很多，考生们可在备考中总结。分数和倍数的表达还有很多，考生们可在备考中总结。考点除了开头讲过的信息精确度以及趋势和数字相结合的要求外，对于合理的衔接及复杂句的应用也考点除了开头讲过的信息精确度以及趋势和数字相结合的要求外，对于合理的衔接及复杂句的应用也是有要求的。衔接方法的切入点除了有我们熟知的连词外，还有定语从句是有要求的。衔接方法的切入点除了有我们熟知的连词外，还有定语从句(包括介词包括介词+关系代词关系代词)，分词，分词，状语提前以及独立主格等方法。成功的复杂句数量不需多要精，一两句即可。状语提前以及独立主格等方法。成功的复杂句数量不需多要精，一两句即可。第36页/共106页Thechartbelowshowsestimatedworldliteracyratesbyregionandbygenderfortheyear2000.第37页/共106页InthisreportIwilldescribeabarchartthatshowstheestimatedworldilliteracyratesbygenderandregionfortheyear2000.FirstIwilllookatmaleilliteracyforthe6areasshown.ThelowestrateswereinDevelopedCountries,LatinAmerica/CaribbeanandEastAsia/Oceaniawithratesof1%(approximately),10%and8%(approximately)respectively.Theratesforthenextthreeareasweremuchhigherandquitesimilartoeachother.Sub-SaharanAfrica,theArabStatesandSouthAsiahadratesofapproximately31%,29%and34%.FemaleilliteracywasmuchhigherrelativelyineachareaexceptLatinAmerica/Caribbeanwhereitwasonlyslightlyhigher.ThelowestratesforfemaleilliteracywereagainDevelopedCountries,LatinAmerica/CaribbeanandEastAsia/Oceaniawithratesofapproximately2%,12%and20%.Againtheratesforthenextthreeareasweremuchhigherandquitesimilartoeachother.Sub-SaharanAfrica,theArabStatesandSouthAsiahadratesofapproximately48%,52%and56%.(168words)第38页/共106页ThegraphsshowenrolmentindifferentcollegesintheHigherCollegesofTechnologyin1999.第39页/共106页ThechartsshowsstudentenrolmentbygenderandlevelindifferentcollegesoftheHigherCollegesofTechnologycollegesintheUAE.Therearecleardifferencesinmaleandfemaleenrolment.Femalesoutnumbermeninallthecolleges,withalmost25%morestudentsinDubaiWomenscollegethaninDubaiMens.RasAl-KhaimahWomensCollegehasalmost180students,comparedtoonly100intheMenscollege.Femalesalsooutnumbermalesbylevel,withalmostdoublethenumberofmenatHigherDiplomalevel(330comparedto181).OnlyatDiplomaleveldoesthenumberofmenslightlyexceedthatofwomen.OverhalfthestudentsareinCertificatelevel,withlessthanaquarteratHigherDiplomaorBachelorlevel.Inconclusion,moststudentsintheHigherCollegesareenrolledatDiplomalevelorbelow,andthemajorityofstudentsarewomen.(143words)第40页/共106页Thetablebelowshowsthefiguresforimprisonmentinfivecountriesbetween1930and1980.第41页/共106页Thetableshowsthatthefiguresforimprisonmentinthefivecountriesmentionedindicatenooverallpatternofincreaseordecrease.Infactthereisconsiderablefluctuationfromcountrytocountry.InGreatBritainthenumbersin