新《试卷》2010英语二考研英语真题18.doc

2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic 1 by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert 2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising 3 in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is “ 4 ” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organizations director general, 5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the 6 of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global 7 in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to 9 in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has 13 more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials 14 Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is 16 ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those 17 doses were of the Flu Mist nasal spray type, which is not 18 for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19 . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people 20 infants and healthy young people.1. A criticized B appointed C commented D designated2. A proceeded B activated C followed D prompted3. A digits B numbers C amounts D sums4. A moderate B normal C unusual D extreme5. A with B in C from D by6. A progress B absence C presence D favor7. A reality B phenomenon C concept D notice8. A over B forC among D to9. A stay up B crop up C fill up D cover up10. A as B if C unless D until11. A excessive B enormous C significant D magnificent12. A categories B examples C patterns D samples13. A imparted B immerse C injected D infected14. A released B relayed C relieved D remained15. A placing B delivering C taking D giving16. A feasible B available C reliable D applicable17. A prevalent B principal C innovative D initial18. A presented B restricted C recommended D introduced19. A problems B issues C agonies D sufferings20. A involved in B caring for C concerned with D warding offSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70 million, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirsts sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses, Sothebys and Christies, had to pay out nearly $200 million in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christies chief executive, says: “Im pretty confident were at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory” because_.Athe art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesBthe auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsCBeautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesDit was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 12, Para. 3), the author suggests that_.Acollectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsBpeople stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesCart collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentDworks of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?ASales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.BThe art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.CThe art market generally went downward in various ways.DSome art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are_.Aauction houses favorites Bcontemporary trendsCfactors promoting artwork circulation Dstyles representing Impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be_.AFluctuation of Art Prices BUp-to-date Art AuctionsCArt Market in Decline DShifted Interest in ArtsText 2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “Shes the talker in our family.” The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. “Its true,” he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going, wed spend the whole evening in silence.”This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent, that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every yeara virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesnt listen to me,” “He doesnt talk to me.” I found, as Hacker observed years before, that most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short, the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?ATalking to them. BTrusting them.CSupporting their careers. DSharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means_.Agenerating motivation Bexerting influenceCcausing damage Dcreating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_.Amen tend to talk more in public than womenBnearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationCwomen attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?AThe moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.BMarriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.CHusband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.DConversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _.Aa vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkBa detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonCother possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.Da brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unileverhad invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, youll find that many of the products we use every daychewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitaminsare results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap_.Ashould be further cultivated Bshould be changed graduallyCare deeply rooted in history Dare basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_.Areveal their impact on peoples habitsBshow the urgent need of daily necessitiesCindicate their effect on peoples buying powerDmanifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peoples habits?ATide. BCrest. CColgate. DUnilever.34. From the text we know that some of consumers habits are developed due to_.Aperfected art of products Bautomatic behavior creationCcommercial promotions Dscientific experiments35. The authors attitude toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habits is_.Aindifferent Bnegative Cpositive DbiasedText 4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally compet