实用大学英语综合教程课件.pptx
Listening ReadingGrammar Tips:ArticlesTranslation:Omission(2)4123Practical Writing:Written Request for Leave54第1页/共58页Part 1 Listening There are 5 recorded questions.The question will be spoken two times.When you hear a question,you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A),B),C)and D).听力材料:1.Would you like to join us for lunch?2.How did you get to school this morning?3.Where are you from?4.Will you go to the airport?5.Carey,can I borrow your dictionary?答案：1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C第2页/共58页Part 2 ReadingTEXT A 6 Diet Tricks for Permanent Weight Loss Background Information Structure Analysis Language PointsWarming-up Exercises Text Appreciation第3页/共58页Warming-up1.Haveyouevertriedtoloseweight?Ifyes,brieflydescribeyourexperience.2.Whataretheeffectivewaystoloseweight?3.Whatisahealthydiet?Discussthefollowingquestionsingroups.第4页/共58页Warming-upSuggested Answers:1.I have tried to lose weight because I was overweight 2 years ago.At that time,I kept taking some exercises and I changed my bad eating habits.I also knew that it was crucial for me to have a healthy state of mind.With my great efforts,I succeeded in losing 10kg.2.There are many effective ways of losing weight.For example,taking more exercises;having a healthy eating habits;drinking cold;water if possible as it helps speeding up the metabolism,to name just a few.第5页/共58页Warming-upWarming-up3.to drink enough water every day;to eat varieties of fruits and vegetables;to have less smoke,coffee and junk food;to keep a balanced diet.第6页/共58页Background InformationAntioxidants An antioxidant is a substance in some foods that cleans the body and protects it from cancer.fruitsvitamin Ecarotene第7页/共58页Background InformationMetabolism Metabolism refers to the chemical processes in living things that change food,etc.into energy and materials for growth.There are some ways to boost your metabolism:to build more muscleto drink green tea to drink more waterto spice up your meals第8页/共58页Background InformationWord Bank(Food Names in the Text)egg whites 蛋清蛋清 baby carrots 小胡萝卜小胡萝卜veggie dips 蔬菜蘸酱蔬菜蘸酱air-popped popcorn 爆米花爆米花baked tortilla chips 烤玉米片烤玉米片baked apple 苹果干苹果干salmon 三文鱼三文鱼whole-grain pasta 全麦意面全麦意面roasted chicken 烤鸡烤鸡pepperoni 意大利辣肠意大利辣肠sausage 香肠香肠lean ham 瘦火腿瘦火腿第9页/共58页Structure AnalysisPart1(Para.1):Introducingthetopic:6diettrickscanbeusedtoachievepermanentweightloss.Part2(Paras.2-7):Givingadetaileddescriptionofthe6diettricks:1)Eatingeggwhitesinsteadofwholeeggs2)Eatingsnacksslowly3)Increasingtheconsumptionoffish4)Replacingfriedchickenwithroastedone5)Puttingleanhamonpizza6)Includingfruitsinyourbreakfast第10页/共58页Text Appreciation6DietTricksforPermanentWeightLoss1Eatinglessfoodforafewweeksmayhelpyougetridofextrapounds.However,assoonasyouquitfastingyoullputonthesameamountofweight.Ifyoumaketemporarychangesinyournutritionalplan,youexposeyourselftoquickweightgain.Thefollowing6diettricksforpermanentweightlossallowyoutoembraceahealthyeatingplanandlifestyle.Controlyourfoodintakeandkeepyourmetabolismontopspeedwiththetime-testedslimmingtacticspresentedbelow.2EggWhitesAreyouinaquestforslimmingtricksthathelpyoulose第11页/共58页Text Appreciationweightpermanently?Makingthebestfoodoptionsisessentialtogetridofextrapounds.Theregularconsumptionofeggwhitesprovidesyourbodywiththenecessaryamountofproteinforenergy.Easethetaskofyourbodytoburnalreadyexistingfatdepositsbyeatingeggwhitesinsteadofwholeeggs.3SlowEatingSnacksChewingwillallowyoutokeepyourdigestivesystemintopshape.Optforfooditemswhichrequiremoretimetobechewedandbrokendown.Babycarrotsandveggiedipsorair-poppedpopcorntameyoursnackcravingsandloadyoursystemonlywithatinyamountofcalories.Bakedtortillachipsandbakedappleareothersnackideasyoucanconsiderwhencontrollingyourappetite.第12页/共58页Text Appreciation4WildSalmonYoumustincreasetheconsumptionoffishtotakeadvantageoftheomega-3fattyacidwhichhelpsyourmetabolismworkproperly.Salmonisthebestfoodoptionyoucanmaketogetridofextrapounds.Prepareadeliciousseafoodsaladusingsalmonanddeliciousveggiesorwhole-grainpasta.Usethisreciperegularlyespeciallywhenyoureinneedofafillingmealidea.5SwapFriedChickenforRoastedChickenFriedfoodsaretheworstfoodoptionsduringaslimmingdiet.Itstimetorethinkyoureatingplanandeliminatefriedmeatfromit.Ontheotherhand,roastedchickenandveggies第13页/共58页Text Appreciationareperfecttotameyourhungerforfillingdishes.Packyourplatewithgreenveggiesandaddamoderateamountofroastedchickentosaveupto200calories.6LeanHamonPizzaPepperoniandsausagearetheworsttoppingsforyourfavoritepizza.However,ifyouwanttokeepthisdietsnackinyoureatingplan,itisimportanttomakehealthyingredientoptions.Leanhamisthebestsubstitutetoreplacehigh-fatmeatinyournutritionalregime.Enjoythemetabolism-boostingeffectofproteinsandlow-caloriequalityofhaminordertogetridofextrapoundspermanently.7FruitsinYourBreakfast第14页/共58页Text AppreciationDoyouwanttofindouthowtoloseweightfastandpermanently?Alwaysincludefruitsinyourbreakfast.Berries,apples,citrusfruitsandfrozenfruitsshouldbeyourgreatestsourceofvitaminsandantioxidants.Addchoppedstrawberriesorapplestoyourlow-fatyogurtorprepareadeliciousfruitmixtoboostyourenergylevelandmetabolism.Getusedtofillingandslimmingbreakfastswiththissimpletrick.第15页/共58页Language Pointsquit v.1)to leave a job,school etc,especially without finishing ite.g.Hequithisjobafteranargumentwithacolleague.2)to stop doing somethinge.g.Iwishyouwouldquitcomplaining.temporaryadj.Continuing for only a limited period of timee.g.Youmightwanttoconsidertemporaryworkuntilyoudecidewhatyouwanttodo.BacktoTextA第16页/共58页 nutritional adj.relating to the substances in food that help you to stay healthye.g.Cookingvegetablesfortoolonglessenstheirnutritionalvalue.permanentadj.continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the futuree.g.Theblindnessthatthediseasecauseswillbepermanent.embracev.1)to huge.g.Jackwarmlyhuggedhisson.Language PointsBacktoTextA第17页/共58页2)to includee.g.Thiscourseembracesseveraldifferentaspectsofpsychology.questn.a long search for something that is difficult to finde.g.Worldleadersarenowunitedintheirquestforpeace.consumptionn.1)the act of eating or drinkinge.g.Itisfitforhumanconsumption.=Itissafetoeat.2)the amount of substance that people eat,drink,smoke,etc.e.g.Thegovernmentwantstoreducetobaccoconsumptionby40%.Language PointsBacktoTextA第18页/共58页 appetite n.a desire for food e.g.Donteatthatcakenow;youllspoilyourappetite.takeadvantageofsth:to use a particular situation to do or get what you want e.g.Itookadvantageofthegoodweathertopaintthehouse.swapfor:to replace one thing with another e.g.Heswappedhiswatchforaboxofcigars.substitute n./v.1)a person or thing that you use instead of the one that you have Language PointsBacktoTextA第19页/共58页Language Pointse.g.Vitaminpillsarenosubstituteforahealthydiet.boostv.to increase or improve somethinge.g.Thewinboostedtheteamsconfidence.trickn.1)something you do to surprise someone and to make other people laughe.g.Thegirlswereplayingtricksontheirteacher.2)a way of doing something that works very well e.g.Heisasuccessfulsalesmanwhoknowsallthetricksofthetrade.BacktoTextA第20页/共58页Exercises.Complete the outline of text A.Doyouwanttofindouthowtoloseweightpermanently?Thefollowing6diettricksmayhelpyouembraceahealthyeatingplanandlifestyle:eategginsteadofwholeeggs;optforfooditemswhichrequiremoretimetobeandbrokendown;increasetheconsumptionoffish;rethinkyoureatingplanandfriedmeatfromit;enjoytheeffectofproteinsandqualityofham;alwaysincludefruitsinyourbreakfast.There are 10 incomplete statements.Please complete each one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.1.Canthegovernmentpoverty?A)emergeB)emigrateC)evolveD)eliminate whites chewed eliminate metabolism-boosting low-calorie D第21页/共58页Exercises2.Doctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoasaforsmoking.A)reliefB)revivalC)substituteD)succession3.Allinall,priceincreasesareacceptable.A)dramaticB)moderateC)considerableD)huge4.Thepoorgirlfoundajobduringhersummervacation.A)permanentB)transparentC)temporaryD)sufficient5.Shetookofthechildrensabsencetotidytheirrooms.A)BenefitB)advantageC)challengeD)advance6.Donteatanythingthatwillspoilyourfordinner.A)appetiteB)applianceC)applauseD)approach7.Dontexposeitthesun.CBCCAC第22页/共58页A)onB)inC)toD)of8.IthinkIllthissweaterforoneinanothercolor.A)swarm B)swearC)sweep D)swap9.Theytriedallkindsoftogetustogo.A)tagsB)tailsC)tacticsD)taboos10.Toomuchteaisbadforyour.A)digestionB)dignityC)digestD)debate.Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box.Change the form when necessary.consumptiontrickdigestivequitmoderatenutritionalquestpermanentembracecravingExercisesCDA第23页/共58页Exercises1.Whynotcomplaininganddosomethingaboutit?2.Thisprojectmostofhistimeandenergy.3.Thiscourseseveraldifferentaspectsofeconomics.4.Withoutwaterasaroutinepartofourintake,wecannotorabsorbfood.5.Cookingvegetablesfortoolonglessenstheir_value.6.Nothingwillstophiminafortruelove.7.Theistoholdyourbreathwhileyouaimforthemiddleofthetarget.quit consumed embracesdigestnutritional questtrick第24页/共58页Exercises8.Nowthegirlhasaforchocolate.9.exercises,suchaswalkingorswimming,isrecommended.10.Peopleintheworldhopeforpeace.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Ifyoumaketemporarychangesinyournutritionalplan,youexposeyourselftoquickweightgain.如果临时改变膳食计划，你将面临体重激增的危险。2.Friedfoodsaretheworstfoodoptionsduringaslimmingdiet.节食的时候，油炸食品是最不能碰的。craving Moderatepermanent第25页/共58页Exercises3.Leanhamisthebestsubstitutetoreplacehigh-fatmeatinyournutritionalregime.在营养法则中，瘦火腿是高脂肪肉类的绝佳替代品。4.Ontheotherhand,roastedchickenandveggiesareperfecttotameyourhungerforfillingdishes.反之，烤鸡和蔬菜是最佳的果腹饮食。5.Wewouldnotbeabletosurvivewithoutmetabolism.没有新陈代谢，我们就不能够生存下去。.Complete the following sentences by translating Chinese into English.1.Thesearetheclothes(你能选择的).whichyoucanoptfor第26页/共58页Exercises2.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete(决定退出比赛).3.Itwassaidthatthepolice(已经排除了)twosuspects.4.Gettingthatjobdidalot(使他信心 倍增).5.Theresno(任何东西能代替)practicalexperience.hadeliminateddecidedtoquitthegamesubstitutefortoboosthisconfidence第27页/共58页Part 2 ReadingText BHow Much Sleep Do You Need Text Appreciation Translation of Text B Exercises第28页/共58页Text AppreciationHowMuchSleepDoYouNeed1Theamountofsleepeachpersonneedsdependsonmanyfactors,includingage.Infantsgenerallyrequireabout16hoursaday,whileteenagersneedabout9hoursonaverage.Formostadults,7to8hoursanightappearstobethebestamountofsleep,althoughsomepeoplemayneedasfewas5hoursorasmanyas10hoursofsleepeachday.Womeninthefirst3monthsofpregnancyoftenneedseveralmorehoursofsleepthanusual.Theamountofsleepapersonneedsalsoincreasesifheorshehasbeendeprivedofsleepinpreviousdays.Gettingtoolittlesleepcreatesa“sleepdebt”,whichismuchlikebeingoverdrawnatabank.Eventually,yourbodywilldemandthat第29页/共58页Text Appreciationthedebtberepaid.Wedontseemtoadapttogettinglesssleepthanweneed;whilewemaygetusedtoasleep-deprivingschedule,ourjudgment,reactiontime,andotherfunctionsarestillimpaired.2Peopletendtosleepmorelightlyandforshortertimespansastheygetolder,althoughtheygenerallyneedaboutthesameamountofsleepastheyneededinearlyadulthood.Abouthalfofallpeopleover65havefrequentsleepingproblems,suchasinsomnia,anddeepsleepstagesinmanyelderlypeopleoftenbecomeveryshortorstopcompletely.Thischangemaybeanormalpartofaging,oritmayresultfrommedicalproblemsthatarecommoninelderlypeopleandfromthemedicationsandothertreatmentsforthoseproblems.第30页/共58页Text Appreciation3Expertssaythatifyoufeeldrowsyduringtheday,evenduringboringactivities,youhaventhadenoughsleep.Ifyouroutinelyfallasleepwithin5minutesoflyingdown,youprobablyhaveseveresleepdeprivation,possiblyevenasleepdisorder.Lightsleeps,orverybriefepisodesofsleepinasomewhatawakeperson,areanothermarkofsleepdeprivation.Inmanycases,peoplearenotawarethattheyareexperiencinglightsleeps.Thewidespreadpracticeof“burningthecandleatbothends”inwesternindustrializedsocietieshascreatedsomuchsleepdeprivationthatwhatisreallyabnormalsleepinessisnowalmostthenorm.4Manystudiesmakeitclearthatsleepdeprivationis第31页/共58页Text Appreciationdangerous.Sleep-deprivedpeoplewhoaretestedbyusingadrivingsimulatororbyperformingahand-eyecoordinationtaskperformasbadlyasorworsethanthosewhoareintoxicated.Sleepdeprivationalsomagnifiesalcoholseffectsonthebody,soafatiguedpersonwhodrinkswillbecomemuchmoreimpairedthansomeonewhoiswellrested.Driverfatigueisresponsibleforanestimated100,000motorvehicleaccidentsand1500deathseachyear,accordingtotheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.Sincedrowsinessisthebrainslaststepbeforefallingasleep,drivingwhiledrowsycanandoftendoesleadtodisaster.Caffeineandotherstimulantscannotovercometheeffectsofseveresleepdeprivation.The第32页/共58页NationalSleepFoundationsaysthatifyouhavetroublekeepingyoureyesfocused,ifyoucantstopyawning,orifyoucantrememberdrivingthelastfewmiles,youareprobablytoodrowsytodrivesafely.Text Appreciation第33页/共58页Translation of Text B你需要多少睡眠 1 每个人所需要的睡眠时间取决于许多因素，其中包括年龄。婴儿通常需要大约16小时的睡眠时间，而十几岁的青少年每天平均需要大约9个小时。对大多数成年人来说，一晚上7-8 小时的睡眠看来是最合适的，尽管有一些可能每天所需要的睡眠时间少于五小时，而有些人却需要大约10小时。妇女在怀孕的最初三个月里，通常需要比平常多几个小时的睡眠时间。如果一个人在先前的几天里被剥夺了睡眠时间，那么他或她所需要的睡眠时间的数量也会增加。睡眠时间太少就会欠下“睡眠债”，好像我们在银行里透支一样。最终，你的身体会要求这些所欠的债被偿还回来。我们似乎不能适应睡眠时间比通常我们所需要的少的状态，而当我们可能已经习惯于一种剥夺人的睡眠时间的安排表时，我们的判断能力，作出反应的时间和其他身体功能仍然会受到伤害。2 当人们变老时，他们的睡眠程度会趋于浅睡眠状态，睡眠的时间第34页/共58页Translation of Text B 间隔也会更短，尽管他们通常也需要同成人早期一样的睡眠时间。在超过65岁的人中，大约有一半的人经常出现睡眠方面的问题，例如失眠，以及处于深睡眠状态的时间在许多老年人的睡眠中变得很短或者完全消失。这种变化也许是衰老的正常表现，也许是由老年人中普遍存在的医学问题而引起，或者是由于为了解决这些问题而进行的药物治疗和其他治疗方法而引起的。3 专家们认为，如果你在一天当中感到昏昏欲睡，即使是在令人厌烦的活动中，那也说明你的睡眠不足。如果你通常在躺下的五分钟之内就进入梦乡，你的睡眠时间可能受到过严重的剥夺，甚至可能睡眠失调和紊乱。浅睡，或是一个不怎么清醒的人的短期睡眠，是睡眠被剥夺的另一种表现。在许多情况下，人们并不知道他们正经历着浅睡。在西方工业化社会里普遍存在着“过分耗费精力”的做法使得许多睡眠时间被剥夺，本来是非正常的睡眠现在也被认为是正常的了。第35页/共58页Translation of Text B4 许多研究表明睡眠被剥夺是很危险的。通过对缺乏睡眠的人进行驾驶模拟器的测试或是进行手眼配合协调性的测试，结果他们的表现比喝醉酒的人还差。缺乏睡眠还会增大酒精对身体的影响，因此一个疲劳的人如果喝了酒，那么他的身体所受的伤害要比一个得到充分休息的人饮酒后的受的伤害大得多。根据国家高速公路交通安全局的统计，司机疲劳驾驶应对每年估计100000起机动车辆的交通事故和1500人的死亡负责。因为昏昏欲睡是大脑进入睡眠状态前的最后一个阶段，所以打瞌睡的人驾驶汽车可能而且经常会导致灾难的发生。咖啡因和其他刺激物并不能克服严重缺乏睡眠而带来的后果。国家睡眠研究基金会表示说，如果你不能集中眼睛的注意力，如果你不停地打呵欠，或是如果你已不记得驾驶的最后几英里的情况，那么你可能已经太瞌睡了，以至于不能安全驾车了。第36页/共58页Exercises.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Whatfactorsaffecttheamountofsleepeachpersonneeds?Age,asleepdebtandsoon.2.Whatkindofpeopletendtosleepmorelightlyandforshortertimespans?Theelderly.3.Whatdoes“insomnia”meaninline4,paragraph2?Theword“insomnia”referstotheconditionofbeingunabletosleep.4.Whatcanweinferifapersonroutinelyfallsasleepwithin5minutes?第37页/共58页Thepersonprobablyhasseveresleepdeprivation,possiblyevenasleepdisorder.5.Whatisthebrainslaststepbeforefallingasleep?Drowsinessisthebrainslaststepbeforefallingasleep.Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box.Change the form when necessary.adaptabnormaldebteventuallycoordinationroutinelyyawnimpairedmagnifypregnancyExercises第38页/共58页Exercises1.shegotajobandmovedtoLondon.2.Sheisninemonthsnowandwillsoongivebirthtoherthirdchild.3.Hishearingwasbythecontinuousgreatnoise.4.Howdotheseinsectsthemselvestothenewenvironments?5.IneedtopayoffallmybeforeIleavethecountry.6.Icouldntgetmybraintofunctionormymuscles.7.Theythoughthisbehaviorwas.8.Thedrysummertheproblemofwatershortage.Eventually pregnant impaired adap
