哥特式建筑漫谈 Gothic architecture.pptx

Milan Cathedral，Italy意大利米兰大教堂第1页/共19页Salsibury Cathedral，England英国索尔兹伯里大教堂第2页/共19页Notre Dame de Paris 巴黎圣母院第3页/共19页Gothic architectureGothic architecture is a style of architecture,which developed in Europe during the high and late medieval period.Originating in the 12th century in France and lasting into the 16th century,Gothic architecture was known during the period as“the French Style”.Its main features include the pointed arch（尖肋拱顶）,the stained glass（彩绘玻璃）and the flying buttress（飞扶壁）.medieval period：中世纪第4页/共19页哥特式建筑的特点哥特式建筑的特点是尖塔高耸、尖形拱门、大窗户及绘有圣经故事的花窗玻璃。在设计中利用尖肋拱顶、飞扶壁、修长的束柱，营造出轻盈修长的飞天感。以及新的框架结构以增加支撑顶部的力量，使整个建筑以直升线条、雄伟的外观和教堂内空阔空间，再结合镶着彩色玻璃的长窗，使教堂内产生一种浓厚的宗教气氛。第5页/共19页The pointed arch（尖肋拱顶）Pointed Arch is simply known as the Gothic arch and was reconstructed from cylindrical vault of Roman architecture.There are four stones at the end of the arch supporting the power from the top so that the height and the span of the arch are no longer restricted and the arch can be made as large and high as possible.It is interesting to note that architects of the modern world believe that the pointed arch was actually the result of an attempt to hide technical flaws.从罗曼式建筑的圆筒拱顶普遍改为尖肋拱顶（Pointed Arch，或者干脆称为Gothic Arch），推力作用于四个拱底石上，这样拱顶的高度和跨度不再受限制，可以建得又大又高。并且尖肋拱顶也具有“向上”的视觉暗示。有趣的是现代建筑学家认为建造尖肋拱顶为了隐藏某种技术缺陷。第6页/共19页第7页/共19页The stained glass（彩绘玻璃）Gothic architecture gradually abolishes the gallery and aisle and increases the size of the window.These windows are high enough,almost to be used as the walls.The stained glass,covered with religious stories which help to illustrate the doctrines to illiterate people is of high artistic achievement.There are two main colors,blue and red.Blue symbolizes the heaven and red symbolizes the blood of Christ.哥特式建筑逐渐取消了台廊、楼廊，增加侧廊窗户的面积，直至整个教堂采用大面积排窗。这些窗户既高且大，几乎承担了墙体的功能。并应用了从阿拉伯国家学得的彩色玻璃工艺，拼组成一幅幅五颜六色的宗教故事，起到了向不识字的民众宣传教义的作用，也具有很高的艺术成就。花窗玻璃以红、蓝二色为主，蓝色象征天国，红色象征基督的鲜血。第8页/共19页第9页/共19页第10页/共19页The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene,which express peoples longing for the kingdom of heaven.花窗玻璃造就了教堂内部神秘灿烂的景象，从而改变了罗曼式建筑因采光不足而沉闷压抑的感觉，并表达了人们向往天国的内心理想。第11页/共19页The flying buttress（飞扶壁）There is Flying Buttress which is a supporting facility to share the pressure from the main walls.It has been largely used in Roman Architecture.The original buttress was solid and covered by the roof.However,the buttress with Gothic style is exposed out to be known as flying buttress.Due to the further requirements of the height,the role and appearance of buttress have been greatly enhanced.扶壁（Buttress），也称扶拱垛，是一种用来分担主墙压力的辅助设施，在罗曼式建筑中即已得到大量运用。但哥特式建筑把原本实心的、被屋顶遮盖起来的扶壁，都露在外面，称为飞扶壁。由于对教堂的高度有了进一步的要求，扶壁的作用和外观也被大大增强了。第12页/共19页It is coved with complicated decorates and elaborate carvings.飞扶壁上往往有着繁复精美的的装饰雕刻第13页/共19页哥特式建筑代表作France:Notre Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）Amiens Cathedral（亚眠大教堂）England:Salsibury Cathedral（索尔兹伯里大教 堂）Westminster Abbey（威斯敏特教堂或西敏寺）Germany:Cologne Cathedral（科隆大教堂）第14页/共19页第15页/共19页第16页/共19页第17页/共19页Thank you for listening!第18页/共19页感谢您的观看。第19页/共19页