人教版高一英语必修一unit3知识梳理与巩固练习含答案498.pdf

Unit 3 (一)课文预习 一、Warming Up Transport Advantages Disadvantages bus 1.Very cheap 2.Efficient for short journeys Takes longer than the train or plane.train 1.Faster than bus,cheaper than plane 2.ends in the centre of the town/city.Takes longer than the plane.ship 1.Cheaper than plane 1.More expensive than train 2.Not convenient for visiting inland places airplane 3.Provides meals 2.Journey ends far from the city 二、Fast-reading Match the paragraph and the main idea.Para 1Take a great bike trip along the Mekong River.Para 2 Different attitudes between them Para 3The preparation before the trip&details about Mekong River.三、Careful Reading 1.What was Wang Kun and Wang Weis idea of a good trip?Their idea was to take a long bike trip.2.Who Planned the trip to the Mekong?Wang Wei planned the trip.3.Where is the source of the Mekong and which sea does it enter?Qinghai Province ；the South China Sea 4.What can you see when you travel along the Mekong?You can see the source glacier,rapids,hills,valleys,waterfalls and plains.5.What difficulties did Wang Kun and Wang Wei find about their journey?The journey will begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres,where it is hard to breathe and very cold.6.What do you think about Wang Kun and Wang Wei?Wang Kun:enthusiastic,critical,sensible Wang Wei:imaginative,organized,eager,persistent,stubborn,risk-taking (二)词汇要点 1.determine vt.决定，决心，确定，测定 Determination n.决心，毅力 determined adj.坚毅的，下决心的 decide同义 v.决定 典型用法 be determined to do sth She is a girl of great _(determine).He is determined _(face)out the situation.There is a _(determine)look on his face.2.similar adj.类似的，相似的 Similarly adv.类似地；同样地 Similarity n.类似；(可数)相似之处 be similar to搭配类似于,与相似 the same.as.近义与相同（1）My opinion is _ yours.The _ between them has often been remarked on.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise._，our minds are developed by learning.3.organize v.组织 organization n.组织，机构 organizer n.组织者 organized adj.有组织的 The _(organize)of such a large-scale party takes a lot of time and energy.The _(organize)think of various ways to amuse the athletes.I will take part in an _(organize)activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society.4.surprise vt.使惊奇，使诧异 n.惊奇，诧异 Surprised adj.感到惊讶的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 surprisedly adv.惊奇地，惊讶地 surprisingly adv.令人感到惊奇地 典型的用法是：be surprised at 对感到惊讶 to one,s surprise(=surprisingly)令人感到惊奇地是(1)Everybody here was _（surprise）the news.(2)I was _(surprise)the change in him.(3)_(surprise)，he was so frank that he told me all of his secrets.5.transport n.&v.运送；运输 派生：transportation n.运输；交通工具 那辆黄色公共汽车将乘客从机场运送到城里。The yellow bus_from the airport to the city.那些物品将用飞机运往青海玉树。The goods _ by plane to Yu Shu，Qinghai Province.答案：will transport the passengers；will be transported 6.persuade vt.说服，劝说 persuade sb.to do 说服/劝服某人去做 persuade sb.into doing 说服/劝服某人去做 persuade sb.out of doing 说服/劝服某人不做 注意：劝而不服则要用 advise sb.to do sth.或者 try to persuade sb.to do sth.。我们劝李老师戒烟，他不再抽烟啦!_，and he never smoked at last.我们劝王老师戒烟，可他不戒。_，but he didnt.答案：We persuaded Mr.Li to stop smoking We advised Mr.Wang to stop smoking/We tried.to persuade Mr.Wang to stop smoking 7.3.graduate v.毕业 n.大学毕业生 派生：graduation n.毕业 短语：graduate from 毕业于(1)After _(graduate)，what are you going to do?(2)My sister graduated _ Beijing University _ 1982.（填借此）(3)He is _ graduate of Oxford.（填冠词）8.care vi.关心；介意 n.关心；照顾 care about(to be worried about/concerned with)忧虑；担心；惦念 care for(=like，love)喜欢 take care of(=look after)照料；照顾 take care 小心；提防 派生：careful adj.细心的 carefully adv.细心地 carefulness n.细心 carelessly adv.粗心地 carelessness n.粗心 careless adj.粗心的 The only thing he cares _ is money.I dont really care _ red wine.Who will take care _ your baby if you are out?Many accidents are caused by _(care)driving.They studied the question _(care)before they made the decision.即学即用（1）Thats a lovely dress.Do you think so?My aunt gave it to me for my birthday,but I dont thecolor.A.interest in B.care for C.take care of D.fond of（2）I dont think Jack what happensto his family.He is so selfish.A.cares for B.cares aboutC.cares to D.cares of 9.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 派生：rely vi.依靠；依赖(通常接 on)I found this to be a _ brand of washing machines.The villagers here _ wells for their water.（填与 rely 相关的词）10.schedule n.时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间 according to schedule 按照计划；按照安排 on schedule 按时 behind schedule 晚点 be scheduled to do 被安排，定于 火车按时到达。The train arrived _ _ 总统定于明天发表演说。The President is _(schedule)to make a speech tomorrow.11.attitude n.态度；看法 attitude to/towards.对的态度 翻译：我的英语老师改变了对我的态度。My English teacher _ me.has changed his attitude to/towards me.12.be fond of(=love；like)喜欢；喜爱 翻译：虽然她有好多缺点，但是我们都很喜欢她。She has many shortcomings，but we _her.13.give in 屈服；让步 give up 停止/放弃做某事 give out 用完；用尽；分发；分布 give away 捐赠；暴露；泄露 give off 发散(气味)；发出(光)give back 交还 运用：用适当的介词或副词填空。（1）He gave _ to her request.（2）If you give _ smoking，you will save a lot of money every year.（3）His accent gave him _.So I knew he was from USA.（4）Our teacher gave _ to the police station what he picked up from the ground.（5）His money soon gave _ because he bought a lot of things.14.as usual 照常；如平常一样 昨天早上，他像往常一样去了办公室。Yesterday morning，_.你像平常一样迟到了。You are late，_.15.put up 建造，搭建，举起；升起 put up with 忍受 You should _ what he said.If you have questions to ask，please _ your hand.16.at midnight 半夜 比较：at night(傍晚)晚上 in the evening=during the night/in the night 在晚间/在夜间（1）My grandma usually woke up _ midnight.You must be tired after you worked several hours _ the evening.Please take a rest.17.change ones mind 改变注意 make up ones mind 下决心；决定 He_ go to university after graduation from high school.He is very stubborn(固执的)and he is not easy to _.has made up his mind to；change his mind （三）重点句子解析 一、Warming up language point 1.Which kind of transport do you prefe rto use:bus or train?（回归课本 P17）prefer v.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)prefer(sb.)to do sth.更喜欢（某人）做 prefer that 更喜欢that 从句中常用（should）+动词原形 prefer sth./doing.to sth./doing.与相比更喜欢；宁愿，不愿 e.g.I would prefer meat to fish.我喜欢肉胜过（喜欢）鱼。I prefer singing to acting.我喜欢唱歌胜过演戏。prefer to do.rather than do.宁可也不 e.g.He prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping.他宁可呆在家里也不愿意去逛商店。(2)preference n.偏爱；爱好；喜爱 以优惠；优待 （1）He prefers indoors out this afternoon.A.to stay;to go B.staying;to go C.to stay;to going D.staying;to going（2）The little girl go to the cinema rather than at home alone that night.A.preferred;stay B.prefers to;to stay C.preferred to;stay D.prefers to;stay 二、Reading Language points 1.Ever since middle school,my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.1).dream n.v.dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt dream of/about sth.(vi.)dream adream (vt.)dream that (vt.)dream sb.to be (vt.)1)他梦想着有一天为自己工作,没有老板.He working for himself and not having a boss one day.=He that one day he will work for himself and not have a boss.2)我做梦也没想到他是个撒谎的人.I never a liar.答案：dreams of/about ；dreams ；dreamed him to be 2.Then she persuade me to buy one.然后她动员我也买了一辆.persuade vt.说服;劝服;vi.被说服 persuade sb.(not)to do sth.persuade sb.into/out of doing sth.我已说服他做这件事。e.g.I persuaded him to do it.=persuade him into doing it.如果“劝说”不服,不能直接用 persuade,而应用 try to persuade 或 advise,或者用 persuade的否定式。e.g.Some of us advised him to change his mind but no one could persuade him to do so.（2）实例 1.I _ him not to smoke,but he didnt think it necessary.A.persuaded B.advised C.hoped D.suggested 2.I was able at last to _ my mother to follow my advice.A.suggest B.advise C.persuade D.leave off 3.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuade D.be persuaded(3)辨析：advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”；advise 可接动词的-ing 形式作宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句（必须用虚拟语气即 should+动词原形）,而 persuade不能。My friends advised him to see a doctor,but he refused all of them.Who can persuade him?我的朋友们建议他去看医生，但他拒绝了所有的人。谁能说服他？3 辨析：Finally/at last/in the end finally 一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序的最后项内容,或用在动词前,表示“等了好久才”,没有感情色彩.at last 只能指时间位置,不能指时间顺序,在意思上是指经过周折、等待、耽搁到”最后、终于”(出现所期待的结果),常常带有较浓厚的感情色彩.in the end 可与 at last 和 finally 通用.但若出现了非期待中的结果,用 in the end,还可以用于预卜未来。1)They talked about it for hours._ they decided not to go.2)The children arrived home _after the storm.3)My dream will come true 4)The war lasted four years before the North won _.5)Your idea will turn out right _.6)_,I want to thank you for helping me.Finally;at last/in the end;in the end;in the end/at last;in the end;Finally 4.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.是我姐姐首先想到骑自行车沿湄公河从它的源头行走到入海口。这是一个强调句。强调句的结构是：It was/is+强调成分+that-/who-分句 如果强调的部分是人,可用 who,也可用 that,强调其他成分与内容都用 that。强调时间和地点不能用 when 或 where，只用 that。e.g.我看这部电影是在上海。(强调地点状语)It was in Shanghai that I saw the film.根据上下文和语义意图,说话人可以通过强调句分别强调主语,宾语,状语,使之成为信息中心。e.g All the members held a meeting in the club yesterday.It was all the members that/who held a meeting in the club yesterday.(强调主语,was不能换用 were)It was a meeting that all the members held in the club yesterday.(强调宾语 a meeting)It was in the club that all the members held a meeting yesterday.(强调地点状语,that不可换用 where)It was yesterday that all the members held a meeting in the club.(强调时间状语 that不可换用 where)把这个句子的不同成分改成强调句。John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas.高考链接 1.Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.you B.not you C.that yourself 2.It was because of bad weather _ the football match had to be put off.A.so B.so that C.why D.that 3.Who is making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A.It is B.They are C.That is D.There are 6.Although she didnt know the best way of getting get to places,she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她不知道旅行的最佳方式,但是她还是坚决主张她来合理安排这次旅行。1)although,though 引导让步状语从句不能再和 but,and,however 连用,但可以和副词yet,still 连用。although 从句多放在句首,though 从句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且 though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而 although 无此用法。考例 _ he has limited technical knowledge,the old worker has a lot of experience.A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although 点拨D 根据句中的 limited knowledge 和 a lot of experience 构成对比，可知这是一个让步状语从句，故用 although 引导。since 既然；unless 除非；as 因为。2)insist:declare firmly 坚持认为，坚持主张 insist on/upon ones doing sth 坚持做,坚决做 e.g.I insisted on/upon his coming with us.insist that+从句 “坚持说”(后表示一个事实),后接的从句用陈述语气,既按需要选择时态。e.g.He insisted that he hadnt stolen the girls handbag.insist that sb.(should)do sth.坚决主张做某事,后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,既“should+v.”e.g.Mary was ill.Her parents insisted that she(should)see a doctor.高考链接 I insisted that a doctor _ immediately.A has been sent for B.sent for C.will be sent for D.be sent for 2.The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days.A.had;had B.have;have C.had;have D.have;had 3.The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding 答案：7.My sister doesnt care about details.我姐姐是不会考虑细节的。care about:be worried about 忧虑,关心 e.g.他并不关心我的事情。He doesnt care much about what happens to me.care for sb/sth:look after,love or like 希望,喜欢,照顾 1)Would you care for a drink?2)He cares for her deeply.3)Who will care for your child if you are out?8.She gave me a determined look the kind that she wouldnt change her mind.她坚定地看了我一眼-这眼神表明她不会改变主意。determine v.决定,下定决心,确定 determine to do sth.=make up ones mind 下定决心 e.g.He determined to learn French.be determined to do sth.决心做 e.g.She was determined to go to university.change ones mind 改变某人的主意 e.g.No matter what you say,I wont change my mind.9.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters,she seemed to be excited about it.当我告诉她我们将在海拔 5000 米处开始旅程,她好像对此很兴奋。本句中的 seem 后面跟了不定式结构，意 为“看起来好像 ”。现对 seem的用法讲 解如下：一seem 常常和不定式，形容词，分词，名词和介词短语搭配。如:1seem+不定式（短语）a)I seemed to hear a voice in the distance.b)Your advice seems to be doing me a favor.c)I seem to have caught a cold.注意：1seem 后跟不定式（短语）时，要注意不定式所表示动作发生的时间，以此来确定不定式的时态。2.seem 后不定式的否定式习惯上用 dont 来代替，（放在 seem 前），如：You dont seem to be quite yourself today(=You seem not be quite yourself today)3.seem+形容词 a)She seems quite happy today.b)The enemy seems powerful but in fact it is weak.注此句式出可看作是 seem+to be+adj 句式的一种简化形式。如例 a 可转换为：She seems to be quite happy today.例 b 可转换为：The enemy seems to be powerful but in fact it is weak.但目前由于英语的发展，seem+to be+形容词结构的用法已越来越少，seem+adj 的结构已趋成型，属口语语体。4Seem+分词 a)The situation seemed quite encouraging.b)The news seems exciting.c)They seems interested in the film.注seem 后用现在分词还是过去分词取决于分词本身的逻辑主语，如句中的主语（盍作的执行者）是分词的逻辑主语，用现在分词，反之用过去分词。5、seem+名词 a)She seems a clever girl.b)Her mother seems a teacher.c)It seemed a long time before my turn came.6.seem+介词短语 They seemed in high spirits.二、seem 常用于 it 作形式主语的“It seems/seemed that”结构，如：a)It seems that you were lying.b)It seemed that he had been a scientist.c)It seems impossible that he will be here tomorrow.注1）在这一句式中，常省去 that，如例 a 可改为：It seems you were lying.2)间或在 seem 后可跟一形容词，如例 c.三、seem 常用于由 as if/though 引导的从句中，如：a)It seems as if it is going to rain.b)It seems as though our planll be perfect.c)It seems as if he knew nothing about that.d)It seems as if it was/were spring already.注在这种句式中，如从句所叙述的情实现的可能性比较大，从句谓语用陈述语气，如 a,b 两例；若实现的可能性较小，或根本不可能实现，从句的谓语则用虚拟语气，如 c,d 两例。四、seem 通常用在“It seems(seemed)to sb(that)”的结构中，这种结构常用来表示“行为”的主体，例：a)It seems to us a good chance.b)It seems to the emperor that the people were right.c)It seems to me eveyythingis all right.五、seems 也常用在“there seem(s)to be”句式中，用来代替 be，作句子的谓语。如：a)There seems to be no point in refusing.b)There seemed to be something the matter with him.c)There doesnt seem to be too much hope of our team beating theirs.注1）在这一结构中，seem 表示“似乎有”、“看来”的意思，如：There seem to be a lot of things to do.(=It seems as if there were a lot of things to do.)2)There seem(s)to be+n”这个结构的否定形式为“There seem(s)to be+no+n.”（如例 a）或（“There doesnt seem to be+n.”（如例 c）.六、seem 有时也同人称代词 I 连用，意为“感到好像、觉得似乎”等意，如：a)I seem unable to solve it right now.看来我无法立刻解决它。b)I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在什么地方见过他。七、seem 还常常同 like 搭配。如：注这种句式表达的意思同“seem+to be+n.”结构表达的意思基本相同，故两种句式可替换，如：The girl seems like a bird/to be a bird.at an altitude of=at a height of 在海拔米处 e.g.The plane is flying at a height/altitude of 10,000 feet.注意:at 在此处表“在处/时,以”后接年龄,速度,长宽深高,价格,费用等 在岁时 以.的价格 在.深度宽度处 以.为代价 在距离处 答案：at the age of at a high/low price at a depth/width of at the cost of at a distance of 10.When I told her the air would be hard to breath and it would be very cold 当我告诉她将呼吸困难,天气严寒 主语+be+adj.+to do sth.是一常用句式既不定式用主动形式表达被动含义 e.g.The problem is really hard to work out.My boss is easy to deal with.注意：不定式和主语之间是逻辑动宾关系，使用及物动词的主动形式，因此不及物动词要加相应的介词。这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时,不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语,主动用 to do,被动用 to be done;也可以接从句。这类形容词有 surprised,moved,disappointed,pleased,happy,sad,delighted,sorry,interested,glad,worried,etc.11.Finally,I had to give in.最后,我只好让步。give in(to sb./sth.)屈服于,让步,递交 e.g.He had to give in to my views.Its time you gave in your papers.give up 放弃,认输;give out 筋疲力尽；分配;give away 捐赠,泄露 练一练 1)After the long trip,both the men and the horses _.2)Because of his small salary,he had to _ his dream trip to Europe.3)Seeing that he could not persuade me,he had to _ my view.4)He _ most of his fortune to the poor.5)Please keep the secret,dont _ it _.gave out;gave up