2021届新会中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案解析.pdf

2021 届新会中学高三英语下学期期末考试试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A It was a weeknight and one of my twin daughters marched into the room,waving a book shed finished.“Dad,why are books with science in them always about boys?”she asked.I told her that simply wasnt true;there were loads of great science fictions with girls in them.She agreed,but argued that in those stories it was the boys who were doing science,and the girls were justalong for the ride.My other daughter took her sisters side and challenged me to give an example.This left me in a difficult position.I could either go through our library to point out some wonderful examples of female-led science fictions,or just admit they were right and remain in my comfortable chair.Ive been asked several times how I came up with the idea forA Problematic Paradoxand my answer is always the same:it came to me in a moment of inspiration.I like that answer because its simple and makes me seem very creative.The fact that this explanation is not true bothers me from time to time.Heres the truth:the story wasnt my idea.It was my daughters who suggested I write something for them that had a girl doing science.My daughters were at an age when many young women turn away from STEM(science,technology,engineering,and math),believing those areas of study unfriendly or out-of-the-norm for girls.I also read about how important role models can be to young people.Its one thing to tell a person they can do something,but seeing someone like them doing that thing can be more powerful.So,I kept two guidelines for the book in mind:First,the story had to be fun for anyone,because its as important for boys to understand that science is for everyone.Second,I wanted the main character,Nikola,to be imperfect.She should be someone with shortcomings as we all have.I think this not only makes a story more interesting to read,but also helps make it clear that the most extraordinary things can be done by ordinary people.1.What does the underlined phrase“along for the ride”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Entering a bike race.B.Offering vital help.C.Doing unimportant things.D.Playing the leading role.2.What do we know about the bookA Problematic Paradox1?A.Its main character is perfect.B.It is a female-led science fiction.C.It is intended to appeal to girls only.D.Its idea comes from the authors inspiration.3.Which of the following best describes the authors book?A.Serious and abstract.B.Simple and practical.C.Creative and well-organized.D.Inspiring and interesting.B The shade of a single tree can provide welcome relief from the hot summer sun.But when that single tree is part of a small forest,it creates a considerable cooling effect.According to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,trees play a big role in keeping our cities cool.According to the study,the right amount of tree cover can lower summer daytime temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit.And the effect is quite noticeable from neighborhood to neighborhood,even down to the scale of a single city block.“We knew that cities are warmer than the surrounding countryside,but we found that temperatures vary just as much within cities,”says Monica Turner,a professor in the department of Integrative Biology,Wisconsin-Madison University and a co-author of the study.With climate change making extreme heat events more common each summer,city planners are working on how to prepare.Heat waves drive up energy demands and costs and can have big human health impacts.One potentially powerful tool,the studys authors say,are organisms that have been around long before human civilizations could appreciate their leafy benefits.And those trees may be the secret to keeping the places we live livable.Essentially,says Turner,roads,sidewalks and buildings absorb heat from the sun during the day and slowly release that heat at night.Trees,on the other hand,not only shade those surfaces from the suns rays,they also release water into the air through their leaves,a process that cools things down.To get the maximum benefit of this cooling service,the study found that tree cover must be more than 40 percent.In other words,an aerial picture of a single city block would need to be nearly half-way covered by a leafy green network of branches and leaves.4.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.Temperatures in cities mainly depend on their green coverage.B.People living and working in cities must plant trees in summer.C.Cities are warmer than the countryside because they dont have trees.D.An area with more trees can be cooler than the other parts within a city.5.Which of the following problems is caused by extreme heat events?A.Severe damage of city facilities.B.Serious human health problems.C.Residents growing demands for plants.D.Unnecessary waste of energy resources.6.Why are trees crucial to cities?A.They help shade and cool the cities.B.They make urban scenery beautiful.C.They build up city cooling systems.D.They essentially block and release heat.7.What can city planners conclude from the study?A.They should publish the study in a newspaper.B.They should educate citizens to protect forests.C.They should plant trees on roads and sidewalks.D.They should cover nearly half the city with trees.C An unmanned Chinese spacecraft left the earth on a trip to the planet Mars on Thursday.The launch（发射）marks the start of one of Chinas most important space explorations.Chinas national space agency launched the spacecraft called Tianwen-1 fromthe Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center on Hainan Island.The name Tianwen means“Questions to Heaven”in Chinese.The spacecraft took off on Chinas largest carrier rocket,the Long March 5,and about 36 minutes later,the spacecraft,including an orbiter（轨道飞行器）and a rover（漫游车），was sent into the Earth-Mars orbit.It is expected to reach the orbit of the red planet next February.Tianwen-1 will finish three scientific goalsorbiting the red planet,landing on the Mars and sending a rover to the landing site.Tianwen-1 carries several scientific instruments to observe the planets atmosphere and surface.It will do a series of scientific researches on the planets soil,geological structure,environment,atmosphere and water.Besides its daily work of exploring the surface of Mars for 90 days,it will also report back to the earth about its experiences on the red planet,which is millions of miles away.According to experts,discovering signs of life will be its first and most important scientific goal.Tianwen-1s successful landing will make China the second nation to place a spacecraft on Mars.The United States has landed eight vehicles on Mars since 1976.China will be the first to successfully orbit,land and place a vehicle in the same mission.This is Chinas first independent mission to Mars.The task in 2011 failed when a Russian rocket carrying a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch,and was unable to escape the Earth orbit.Last year,Chinas Chang e-4 spacecraft became the first to make a landing on the far side of the moon.8.When will Tianwen-1 enter the orbit of Mars?A.36 minutes later.B.Next Thursday.C.In 90 days.D.Next February.9.What is the main task of Tianwen-1 according to experts?A.Orbiting the Mars.B.Landing on the Mars.C.Discovering signs of life.D.Sending a rover to the landing site.10.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?A.Tianwen-1 is the second vehicle landed on the Mars.B.The United States is the first to land vehicles on the Mars.C.Russia helped China place Tianwen-1 on the Mars.D.Chang，e-4 was the first to make a landing on the moon.11.Where can you find this article?A.In a newspaper.B.In a diary.C.In a sci-fi novel.D.In a guide book.D YellowstoneNational ParkbecameAmericas first national park in 1872.The National Park Service was formed 44 years later in 1916.Yellowstone,which is mostly in the state of Wyoming,is considered an example of the success of the National Park System.Humans have been present in Yellowstone for more than 11,000 years.Yellowstone contains beautiful mountains,deep canyons(峡谷),lakes and rivers.The nameYellowstonecomes from the river running through the area.At first known as Rock Yellow River,it became known as theYellowstoneRiver.Yellowstoneis host to many different species of plants.However,the park is most distinctive because of what lies underneath it.It sits on top of an ancient super volcano,known as The Yellowstone Caldera.The caldera is 48 by 72 kilometers.And it remains an active volcano.It is believed that the last time the volcano erupted was one half million years ago.The area has had three major eruptions in the last three million years.Experts say it may erupt again in another 1,000 to 10,000 years.But each year,there are thousands of earthquakes atYellowstone.Most are too small to be felt by people visiting the park.Yellowstoneis filled with the beauty of many hot water springs.hot water and gasses are trapped under the earth.they rush to the surface in the form of hot water and steam.Old Faithful is The most famous one.Iterupts about every hour or hour and a half.The eruption can last from one and a half minutes up to 5 minutes.The amount of hot water it expels（排出）in that time can be as much as 31,000 liters or more.In addition to its beauty and wonder,Yellowstone is an animal sanctuary（保护区）.It is home to the largest group of wild animals in theUnited States.As you travel through the park,you can sometimes see them in their natural habitat and hear their calls.12.What wasYellowstonenamed after?A.RockYellow River B.The amazing mountains.C.The stones with yellow color1 D.The first discovery inwyoming.13.What makesYellowstonequite unique?A.The scenery is beautiful.B.There are a lot of explorers.C.Its home to many plants.D.Its location is very special.14.What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.The earth.B.Yellowstone.C.Old Faithful.D.TheYellowstoneCaldera.15.What can we infer from the text?A.The Yellowstone Caldera has been dead for years.B.Yellowstone is a shelter for the protected wildlife.C.Big earthquakes happen frequently atYellowstone.D.YellowstoneNational Parkhas attracted visitors for centuries.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Food safety is a problem in all places around the world and people in different areas of the world prepare foods in different ways.The WHO released five simple rules for preparing food in a safe way._16_ Key 1:Keep clean The first key tells about the importance of washing.People should wash their hands oftenbefore touching food,while they are preparing food,and any time after they go to the toilet People should wash all surfaces and equipment used for preparing food._17_ Key 2:Separate raw and cooked People should separate raw,or uncooked food from foods that are already cooked and foods that will not be cooked.People should store raw meat,chicken,and fish in containers,or in separate areas Raw foods should not touch prepared foods.Key 3:Cook completely.People should cook eggs and meat,like birds,seafood,and animals,especially carefully.These foods may carry more micro-organisms than other foods._18_It is also important that people re-heat cooked food completely.Key 4:_19_ When people are finished with eating,they should keep the leftover(吃剩的食物)in a refrigerator below 5and shouldnt store it for too long.At room temperature,about 20,the amount of micro-organisms can increase very quickly.But temperatures above 60or below 5control the growth of micro-organisms._20_ Key 5:Use safe water and raw materials.People should use safe water and choose fresh foods.Damaged or old food may develop harmful chemicals as it gets older.A.Keep food at safe temperatures.B.Eat cooked food immediately,while it is still hot.C.They call these rules the“Five Keys to Safer Food.”D.Keeping everything clean helps people to avoid micro-organisms.E.They cannot grow so quickly in a very hot or very cold environment.F.People should also protect cooking areas and food from insects and animals.G.Food like soup must be boiled for at least a minute to make it be cooked completely.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Recently,the idea that listening to classical music can increase intelligence,especially in_21_,has caught the attention of the media,researchers,and parents around the globe.In the early 1990s,researchers from France and the US published articles that said_22_Mozart for 10 minutes temporarily_23_performance on IQ tests and challenging tasks._24_,the media quickly began reporting on the“Mozart effect”.In 1997,Don Campbell published a book about this_25_phenomenon.Campbell said that classical_26_could improve health and memory,prevent mental and physical disorders,and_27_stress and depression.He soon_28_withThe Mozart Effect for Children,as well as CDs and products for parents of young children.Today,a wide selection of similar products is_29_,includingBaby MozartandBaby Bach,two bestselling DVDs in the popularBaby Einsteinseries.There are even music players specially_30_for expectant(预产期的)mothers to wear on their stomachs._31_,babies can listen to classical music before theyre even_32_._33_,there is some doubt surrounding the“Mozart effect”.Parents_34_whether it is a proven reality or just a fad(潮流)designed to make money.Frances H.Rauscher,a psychologist and author of one of the original studies,is_35_.Much of the original_36_pointed to temporary improvements on specific tasks.She_37_these findings have been incorrectly described as a general increase in_38_.“I dont think it can hurt,”Rauscher said.Yet she added that_39_may still want to think twice_40_spending a fortune trying to make a genius(天才)out of their baby.21.A.scientists B.musicians C.adults D.babies 22.A.joining in B.dreaming of C.talking about D.listening to 23.A.improved B.measured C.provided D.enjoyed 24.A.On the whole B.As a result C.On the contrary D.In other words 25.A.common B.natural C.interesting D.alarming 26.A.literature B.music C.world D.education 27.A.cause B.place C.reduce D.limit 28.A.began B.dealt C.agreed D.followed 29.A.useless B.priceless C.available D.changeable 30.A.tested B.designed C.searched D.collected 31.A.By the way B.In this way C.On the way D.All the way 32.A.born B.lost C.trained D.invited 33.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Instead D.However 34.A.check B.question C.determine D.evaluate 35.A.real B.right C.normal D.doubtful 36.A.anxiety B.material C.research D.argument 37.A.cheers B.expects C.remembers D.believes 38.A.costs B.health C.disorders D.intelligence 39.A.teachers B.experts C.parents D.players 40.A.after B.unless C.before D.as 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Are we alone in the universe?Scientists have spent years_41._(search)deep into space for signs of life beyond our planet.Now theyve discovered what might be life on Venus.Venus is the second planet from the