2021年新高考北京英语卷含答案解析.doc

2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷北京卷英语英语本试卷共本试卷共 11 页，共页，共 100 分考试时长分考试时长 90 分钟分钟考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分第一部分 知识运用（共两节，知识运用（共两节，30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Recently，I took a trip home by trainI got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharpeyes，who kept_1_a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lapThewomans eye fell on the mans face，and she immediately looked down and_2_her scarfAs the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortablethat only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any_3_The woman looked over at themanHe was still staring at herShe looked back at him with fire in her eyesI was beginning toget_4_，tooThe train moved on The little boy was _5_ awake on his mothers lap，but the womandropped off to sleep Amoment later，he began to_6_the half-open windowone leg wentover itThe man jumped up and _7_the child just before he fell outThe_8_ woke up the woman She seemed to be in_9_，and then reality dawned（显现）“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the mansaid as he gave the child back to her.“So I have been watching the whole time”The womanwas _10_，and so was I1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.monitoring2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disappointed5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even6.A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concernedD.inspired第二节（共第二节（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 15 分）分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Why do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure,and they have diverse_11_(idea)Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sortsthrough everything _12_ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to oldmemories.As it _13_(connect)things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get adreamB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about hisdayWhile riding his bike home _14_ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderlywoman wandering the streets by herself The poor woman wasnt able to give him any informationabout _15_ she livedSam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could_16_（safe）wait for the police to take her homeC阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There _17_(be)a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past20 years,_18_(cause)largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report fromthe United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around theworld,_19_(result)in USD 2,970 billion in economic lossMuch of this increase can bedue to climate change.The findings show a critical need _20_(invest)in disasterprevention.第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，阅读理解（共两节，38 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 14 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 28 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑答题卡上将该项涂黑AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then aninternship（实习）at UNESCO will be ideal for youWho can apply？You have completed your full-time university studies；orYou are studying in a graduate program for a masters degreeApplicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies ina technical institutionWhat are the requirements？You must be at least 20 years oldYou should have a good command（掌握）of either English or FrenchYou must have an excellent knowledge of office-related softwareYou should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international workingenvironmentYou should possess strong interpersonal and communication skillsWhat do you need to prepare？Visa：You should obtain the necessary visasTravel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where youwill do your internshipMedical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internshipUNESCO will providelimited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship periodMedical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit toworkMotivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out theapplication formYour application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for sixmonths We do not respond to every candidate If selected，you will be contacted by a manager Ifyou do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not beensuccessful21.According to this passage，applicants are required to_A.hold a masters degree in scienceB.have international work experienceC.be fluent in either English or FrenchD.present a letter from a technical institution22.What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？A.Limited medical insurance coverageB.Training in communication skillsC.Amedical certificate for workD.Financial support for travel23.What should applicants do before filling out the application form？A.Contact UNESCO managersB.Get access to the databaseC.Keep a motivation letter at handD.Work in a team for six monthsBI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organizationWhen the teacher introduced us tothe different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children（OIC）My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of adifference with the plans I had in mindThen，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested meAfterdoing some research，I believed that we could really do something for those kidsWhen I wentonline to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi childrenTheir faces were so powerful insending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I joined this project withouthesitationWe decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them intokitsone kit，one childThe most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put intocollecting the items finally came together When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hitme that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an IraqichildOver the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project wascompletedWhile making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind itIhad only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a goodgrade onWhen the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I hadwas one I would never forgetIn the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another personNow thatour project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but tenWith our efforts，tenyoung boys and girls will now be able to further their education24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？A.It would affect his/her initial plansB.It would involve traveling overseasC.It would not bring him/her a good gradeD.It would not live up to his/her expectations25.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？A.Images of Iraqi childrenB.Research by his/her classmatesC.Ateachers introductionD.Arepresentatives comments26.The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to_.A.become OIC volunteersB.further their educationC.study in foreign countriesD.influence other children27.What can we conclude from this passage？A.Ones potential cannot always be underratedB.First impression cannot always be trustedC.Actions speak louder than wordsD.He who hesitates is lostCHundreds of scientists,writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an openletter published last December:Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the riskof global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as“acredible scenario(情景)this century”.Asurvey of scientists found that extreme weather events,food insecurity,and freshwatershortages might create global collapse.Of course,if you are a non-human species,collapse is wellunderway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment ofstill-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the worlds most technologically advancednations.Not very long ago,it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and thatsafety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholarswarning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will look like orwhen it might happen.Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concerned with identifyingtrends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories(签署者)of thewarning was Bob Johnson,the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept,which measuresthe total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the currentfootprint of humanity,“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,possiblywithin a decade,certainly within this century,”Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,”the December warningletter says,“can we have the hope to reduce their speed,severity and harm”.And yet messengersof the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着)on quieting hope that ignorespreparedness.“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse,”they say,“and deal with the terriblepossibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”28.What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.As for the public awareness of global collapse,the author is_.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.What can we learn from this passage?A.The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B.The author agrees with the message of the poem.C.The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D.The global collapse is well underway.DEarly fifth-century philosopher StAugustine famously wrote that he knew what time wasunless someone asked himAlbert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that timevaries depending on where you measure it Todays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks haveproven Einstein rightEven advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is,because theanswer depends on the question youre askingForget about time as an absoluteWhat if，instead of considering time in terms ofastronomy,we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set thetempo（节奏）of human life？Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earthsystems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if wehope to live in balanceWhat if our definition of time reflected that？Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstanceson our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warmingWere now building aclock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several majorAlaskan rivers，whichare sensitive to local and global environmental changesWeve programmed it to match an atomicclock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate If the rivers run faster in the future onaverage，the clock will get ahead of standard timeIf they run slower，youll see the oppositeeffectThe clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamicsItsa sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phonesAnyone whoopts to go onAlaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planetAnyone whoconsiders river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may bemotivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policiesEven if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies alsoconnected time to natural phenomenaIn pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change ofseasonTemporal connection to the environment was vital to their survivalLikewise，river timeand other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awarenessWhen St Augustine admitted his inability to define time，he highlighted one of time s mostnoticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context Any timekeeping systemis valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose31.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to natureB.Everyone can define time on their own termsC.The qualities of time vary with how you measure itD.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists32.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to_A.present an assumptionB.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experimentD.introduce an approach33.What can we learn from this passage？A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced lifeB.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systemsC.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slowerD.Modern technology may help to shape the riverstemporal frame34.What can we infer from this passage？A.It is crucial to improve the definition of timeB.Afixed frame will make time meaninglessC.We should live in harmony with natureD.History is a mirror reflecting reality第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，共分，共 10 分）分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people _35_The mental health benefits from music cant be arguedMusic could also be helping you withmany other health problems behind the scenes_36_However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain Bydistracting（分心）the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxietylevelsThis，of course，can lead to less painMany people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed_37_Whilethe validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to bloodpressureSimilarly,according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every daymay help with healthy blood sugar levels，through the lowering of stress and anxietyWhen it comes to heart health，there is speculation（推测）that its not the style of music，but rather the tempo that makes it so goo