定语从句知识结构图解doc资料.pdf

定语从句知识结构图解 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 定语从句知识结构图解 概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。指人的先行词 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.(which 替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词 替代前面的先行词 （替代作用）关系词的作用 连接主句和定语从句 （连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）定语从句“三要素”关系词:引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系词的分类 关系代词：在从句中做 主,宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定 He is a teacher who works at our school.精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 定语从句的分类 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语 Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons,who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)从 He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)句 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl(whom/that)I loved before.(可以省略whom/that)关系代词在定语从句中作表语 关系代词的省略 He is no longer the boy(that)he used to be.(可以省略that)限定性定语从句 关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem(that/which)people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用 which 且不能省略）以疑问词 who 开头的句子中 定语从句几个难点 Who is the man that is shouting there?关系代词在从句中作表语时 用 that 的情况 She is not the girl that she used to be.先行词被 the very,the right,the only 修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for.先行词是人 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 that/who 的区别 先行词是 one,ones,anybody,all,none,those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了 that,另外一 用 who 的情况 个用 who Who is the boy that won the gold medal?在 there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him.在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom,who is my best friend,has gone abroad to study.在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game,which depressed her greatly.关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.The pen with which you write is Jacks.用 which 的情况 先行词是 that 或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.先行词是不定代词如 all,little,few,much,先行词是物 anything,everything,nothing,none,no one等 that/which的区别 She did all that she could to help us.先行词被 all,every,no,some,little,much,the only,the very,the right，the last 等所修饰时 This is the very book that I want.先行词中既有人又有物时 She described in her compositions the people and 用 that 的情况 the places that impressed her most.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here.精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用 which,另外一个用that He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.定 当主句的主语是疑问词 which,另一个用 that Who is the person that is standing at the gate?语 定语从句 10 个难点 As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定 句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中 从 Such/so.as.像.一样 the same.as 和.同样的 A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.句 As 引导定语从 He is not the same man as he was.句的用法 引导非限制性定语从句，此时 译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I remember,there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China,as is known to all.the same as.和 the same that.引导定语从句的区别 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday.(同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday.（同类事物）When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的 time,day 等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.（when=on which）Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的 place,spot 等 Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in which)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有 reason.关系副词的运用 I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent.(why=for which)关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词 Where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如 case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等 What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时 where=in which）精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 way 在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that/in which/不填 The way in which/that/不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较:The way which/that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.（way在定语中作 tell 的宾语）time 表示“次数”时，用关系代词 that 引导定语从句 几个特殊 先行词 time This is the first time that the president has visited the country.的先行词 time 作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词 when This was the time when there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.（此时 when=during which 在.期间）先行词 reason 当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的 4 种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填 he explained to us for his absence from the conference.（reason 在定语从句中做explain 的宾语）该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）该结构介词的选用原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配 This is the book on which I spent$8.This is the book for which I paid$8.根据先行词的搭配习惯 I remember the days during which I lived there.I remember the day on which I graduated from university.介词+关系代词 根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定 The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen.英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Here is the money with which to buy the piano.She is the right person on whom to depend.定 注意:如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略 The person(whom/who/that)you will write to is Todd.语 定语从句 10 个难点 有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如 look for/after;take care of;send for;hear from/of/about deal with 等 从 This is the baby that you will look after.句 当先行词是 one of+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor 定语从句的 every year.主谓一致 当先行词是 the only+one of+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 Great changes have taken place in China,as is known to all.He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.定语从句可以转换为 ing 或-ed 形式 定语从句的 The girl(who is)dancing now just returned from Taiwan.转化 I love the stories(which were)written by Hemingway.The man(who stands)standing there is my friend.判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 (主、宾、表、定、状)10.定语从句的 从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词 解题方法 例：Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held？A.where B.that C.on which D.what 注意：.关系代词 whose 的用法。Whose 在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+of whom 当先行词是物：whose=the+名词+of which Do you know the boy whose parents/the parents of whom are on holiday?Id like a room whose window/the window of which faces the sea.That 引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别 定语从句中的 that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。名词性从句中的 that:从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。强调句中的 that,运用于 it is/wasthat.结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。比较：This is the book that I am looking for.(that 引导定语从句)It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.(that 和前面的 it is 构成强调句型)The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.(that 引导名词性从句-同位语从句)That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.(that 引导名词性从句-主语从句)精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 We all expect that they win,for members of their team are stronger.(that 引导名词性从句-宾语从句)The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.(that 引导名词性从句-表语从句)定语从句练习题：1.They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days.A.where B.there C.which D.when 2.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_ are beyond our control.A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that 3.I will give you my friends home address,_ I can be reached most evenings.A.which B.when C.whom D.where 4.All the neighbors admire this family,_ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.why B.where C.which D.that 5.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_ there wont be much work.A.where B.that C.by which D.without which 6.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which 7.We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 8.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of _ are healthy.A.that B.which C.what D.whom 9.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom 10.It is reported that two schools,_ are being built in my home town,will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which 11.By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A.who B.which C.what D.that 12.Look out!Dont get too close to the house_ _roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.what 13.We saw several natives advancing towards our party,and one of them came up to us._ we gave some bells and glasses.A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 14.Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom 15.What do you think of teaching,Bob？I find it fun and challenging.It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that 16.The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which 17.She brought with her three friends,none of _ I had ever met before.A.them B.who C.whom D.these 18.Whenever I met her,_ was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.A.who B.which C.when D.that 19.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A.why B.what C.that D.where 20.That is such a well-known place_everyone wants to visit _we can find it in the map of the world.A.that;which B.as;as C.that;that D.as;that 2012 高考英语单选题分类汇编 定语从句【2012全国卷 II】That evening,_ I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.A.that B.which C.what D.when【2012 安徽】29.lot of language learning,has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A.as B.it C.which D.this【2012 重庆】29.Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.which B.that C.when D.where【2012 北京】26.When deeply absorbed in work,_ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when 【2012 福建】23.The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.A.that B.it C.as D.what【2012 陕西】14.It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.A.that B.where C.which D.what【2012 山东】23.Maria has written two novels,both of _ have been made into television series.A.them B.that C.which D.what【2012 湖南】34.Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.A.what B.in what C.which D.in which【2012 天津】7.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have got this far.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 【2012 江西】28.By 16:30,_ was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.A.which B.when C.what D.that【2012 四川】13.In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.A.in whom B.in them C.of whom D.of them【2012 浙江】9.We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which 【2012 浙江】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom【2012 江苏】22.After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what 练习、定语从句 一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1.The fan is on the desk.You want it.2.The man is in the next room.He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3.The magazine is mine.He has taken it away.4.The students will not pass the exam.They dont study hard.5.The woman is our geography teacher.You saw her in the park.6.The letter is from my sister.I received it yesterday.7.The play was wonderful.We saw it last night.8.The train was late.It was going to Nanning.9.The boy is my brother.He was here a minute ago.10.The tree is quite tall.He is climbing it.11.Here is the girl.Her brother works in this shop.精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 12.Thats the child.We were looking at his drawing just now.13.This is the boy.His sister is a famous singer.14.I want to talk to the boys.Their homework havent been handed in.15.Is that the woman?Her daughter is in my class.16.He used to live in a big house.In front of it grew many banana trees.17.They passed a factory.At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18.The soldier ran to the building.On the top of it flew a flag.19.In the evening they arrived at a hill.At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20.She came into a big room.In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词 whom或 which:1.The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2.The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3.Wu Dong,_ _ I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.4.The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5.Her bag,_ _ she put all her books,has not been found.6.The stories about the Long March,_ _ this is one example,are well written.答案 1.The fan that you want is on the desk.2.The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room.3.The magazine which he has taken away is mine.4.The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.5.The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher.6.The letter I received yesterday is from my sister.7.The play that we saw last night was wonderful.8.The train which was going to Nanning was late.9.The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother.10.The tree he is climbing is quite tall.11.Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.12.Thats the child whose drawing we were looking at just now.13.This is the boy whose sister is a favous singer.14.I want to talk to the boy whose homework hasnt been handed in.15.Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class?16.He used to live in a big house,in front of which grew many banana trees.17.They passed a factory,at the back of which there were rice fields.18.The soldier ran to the building,on the top of which flew a flag.19.In the evening they arrived at a hill,at the foot of which there was a temple.20.She came into a big room,in the middle of which stood a large table.二、1.to whom;2.wiht which;3.with whom;4.about which;5.in which;6.of which、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.精品文档 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book,that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、April 15,1976 is the day when well never forget.11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two.13、This is all which I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone whos house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19、Do