人教版高一英语必修一单元知识点总结.docx
人教版高一英语必修一单元知识点总结 人教版高一英语必修一单元学问点总结 Unit1friendship目标话题Friendsandfriendship同意和不同意Iagree.Yes,IthinksoSodoIMetoo.目标功能ExactlyNoproblemSure.Certainly.Ofcourse.Allright.Noway.直接引语和间接引语:陈述句和疑问句1.陈述句“Idontwanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary”saidAnne.目标构造Annesaidthatshedidntwanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2.一般疑问句“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksusThewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson. Unit2Englisharoundtheworld目标话题Englishlanguageanditsdevelopment语言交际困难Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Idontunderstand.目标功能Couldyousaythatagain,please?Sorry,Icantfollowyou.直接引语和间接引语:恳求与命令“Lookatthisexample.”TheteachersaidtouaTheteachertoldustolookatthatexample.目标构造“wouldyouliketoseemyflat”sheaskedSheaskedmetoseeherflat. Unit3traveljournal目标话题Travlling,describingajourney1.争论将来的规划Whenareyouleaving?Whereareyoustaying?Howareyougoingto?Howlongareyoustayingin.?目标功能2.祝福和告辞Haveanice/goodtime!Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Takecarehavefun!Bestwishes.Sayhelloto现在进展时表将来Wherearewegoing?目标构造Whenareweleaving?Whenarewecomingback? Unit4earthquakes目标话题Basicknowledgeaboutearthquakes.谈论过去的经受ItwasterriblewhenItseemedasif目标功能IrememberIfeltNolongerafterthatLuckily定语从句目标构造关系代词that,which,whose,who,whom引导的从句.如:ThisisthegirlthatIteach.Unit5目标话题Thequalitiesofagreatperson1.willingadj:desiringtodowhatiswanted;2.notobjectingeg.Theyarewillingtocome.eg.Heiswillingtodothejobwithoutpayment.3.prisonn:buildingforconfiningpersonconvicted目标功能oraccusedofacrimeeg.Hewassenttoprisonfordamagingpublicproperty.词组beinprison在狱中,eg.Heisnowstillinprison.put/throwsbintoprison把某人投入监狱Thetwonoblemenput/threwDr.Manetteintoprisonwithoutmercy.1.advisev:suggesteg.Weadvisedherthatshe(should)wait.这个词跟suggest都表示建议之义,但要表示建议某人做某事只能用advisesbtodosth,不能用suggestsbtodosthadvise,suggest后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。目标构造其名词形式为advice,是一个不行数名词,要表达一条建议只能说成apieceofadvice2.equaladj:thesameinnumber,quality,size,etceg.Everybodyhadanequalchance.beequalto,befitfor胜任eg.Heisnotequaltothejob 扩展阅读:高一英语必修一学问点总结(家教) 高一英语各单元学问点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2 重点句型 1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?询问对方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe表示个人观点的词语 3.Ienjoyreading/I“mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when“作并列连词的用法 5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat.?强调句的特别疑问句构造 6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,.“with+宾语+宾补”的构造做状语 7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce.?带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法重点词汇1.especiallyv.特殊地2.imaginev.想像 3.aloneadv./adj.单独,孤独的4.interestn.兴趣 5.everydayadj.每天的,日常的6.desertedadj.抛弃的7.huntv.搜寻8.sharev.共享 9.carev.在乎,关怀10.totaln.总数 11.majorityn.大多数12.survivev.生存,活下来13.adventuren.冒险14.scaredadj.吓坏的15.admitv.成认 16.whileconj.但是,而17.boringadj.令人厌烦的18.exceptprep.除之外19.qualityn.质量 20.favouriteadj.最宠爱的重点短语1.befondof爱好 2.treatas把看作为 3.makefriendswith与交朋友 4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争辩某事5.huntfor查找6.inorderto为了 7.sharewith与共享8.bringin引进;赚钱 9.agreat/goodmany很多10.havedifficulty(in)doing做有困难11.endupwith以完毕12.exceptfor除之外eabout发生14.make(a)fire生火 15.makeyourselfathome别拘束16.themajorityof大多数17.dropsb.aline给某人写短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本;竟然 20.havea(good)knowledgeof精通短语闯关 以下短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语,请你依据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词,每个词4分,80分才能过关,你肯定能过关,做好了闯关的预备吗?那么我们就开头吧?l.befond_喜爱,爱好of 2.hunt_搜寻。寻找,查找for3.into_为了order 4.care_担忧,关怀about5.such_例如,诸如as 6.dropsba_给某人写信(通常指写短信)line7.makeoneselfat_别客气home8._total总共in 9.except_除了之外for10.stay_不睡,熬夜up11._about发生come12.end_with以告终up13.bring_引进,引来in 14.agreat_许很多多,极多many 15.be_对深感兴趣,深深迷上into16._theInternet上网surf 17._classes逃学,逃课skip 18.get_聚会,相聚,聚拢together19.beproud_为感到傲慢of20.keepan_on照看,留意eye21.becurious_对感到奇怪about22.shut_(使)住口up23.joke_开玩笑about24._thenameof以名义in25._thetime总是,始终all交际用语1.Ithink Ilike/love/hate.Ienjoy. Myinterestsare.2.Didyouhaveagoodflight? Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon? Canyoutellmehowtopronounce.?Getit. 单词聚焦 1.arguev.的用法 构词:argumentn.1.C争辩2.U争论辩论3.C论据搭配: arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.与某人争辩某事arguefor/againststh.辩论赞成反对某事 arguethat.主见,认为,争论说 arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.说服某人做不做某事 友情提示:“说服某人做不做某事”还可表达为:talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth. settletheargument解决争端 友情提示:anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.为某事和某人而发生的争吵 【考例】Whatlaughing_wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式细面条)fromplatetomouth.(201*全国卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments考察目标argue名词形式的词义。 答案与解析Dargument的词义是“争论,辩论”。parev.的用法 构词:comparisonn.比拟 搭配:compare.to.比较;比作compare.with/to.将和相比拟comparenotes对笔记;交换意见 【考例】_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北) A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared考察目标compare的用法。 答案与解析D本句compare用在句首作状语,并有“被比拟”的意思。3.considerv.的用法 构词:considerationn.考虑,思索;体谅,顾及 搭配:considerdoingsth.考虑做某事considersb(tobe/as).认为觉得某人considerthat-clause认为takesthintoconsideration考虑underconsideration在考虑中 【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented 考察目标consider的几种常见用法。 答案与解析Cconsider本身是被动语态时,后接不定式的各种构造。假如表示已经发生的事情用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空无一人的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的 (1)空无一人的adesertedstreet/area空无一人的街道,地区;Theofficewasquitedeserted.办公室里空无一人。 (2)被遗弃的adesertedchild被遗弃的孩子(3)desert“dezotn.沙漠 desertdI“zo:tvt.丢弃;遗弃 Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich. 5.difficultyn. (1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事,难点,难题Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中,difficulty是不行数名词,不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困难 thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困难 thereis(some)difficultywithsth. dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困难地轻而易举地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish? 【留意】 (1)以上句型中,difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修饰(2)以上句型中,亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最宠爱的;最宠爱的人或事物(1)adj.最宠爱的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball. (2)n.C最宠爱的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法 构词:funnyadj.好玩的滑稽的,好笑的;奇怪的,奇怪的 搭配: makefunof取笑;嘲弄;开某人的玩笑 (just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取乐,非仔细地,说做着玩的befulloffun很好玩 havefunwithsb.和某人开一个玩笑 have(some)fun玩得(很)快乐,玩得(很)快乐 It“s(great)funtodosth干某事很好玩;干某事真是一件趣事;干某事真快乐Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么好玩呀!havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很快乐 【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We“replay-ingchessjustfor_.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game考察目标fun构成的短语forfun的意思。 答案与解析C,forfun常在句中用作状语,意思是“说做着玩的”。8.imagine的用法 构词:imaginationn.C/U想像,想像力,想像的事物imaginativeadj.富有想像力的 搭配:imaginesth/doingsthbeyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed考察目标imagine的根本用法。 答案与解析Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式,本句的Peter是这个动名词的规律主语。9.interest的用法 interestvt.使感兴趣n.兴趣,爱好U利息;利润Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他对政治极感兴趣。/abroadinterest广泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest极强的兴趣 构词:interesting令人感兴趣的(事物)interested(某人对某事)有兴趣的 搭配:interestsbinsth使某人留意,关怀或参入某事;使某人对某事感兴趣beinterestedin对感兴趣(关怀)haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面有兴趣(关怀);在中有股份、权益等holdone“sinterest吸引住某人的兴趣intheinterest(s)of为利益;为起见;对有利loseinterestin对不再感兴趣show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.对表示关怀(有兴趣)have/take/feelnointerestin对不(不太)感兴趣withinterest有兴趣地,津津有味地develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培育有兴趣?loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面失去兴趣 有时interest可与不定冠词连用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience. 另外:interest作“爱好”解时,是可数名词。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】_,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全国卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged 考察目标interest派生词的词义和用法。 答案与解析Ainterested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法 构词:proofn.证据。试验,考验,(印刷)校样 搭配:provesthtosb向某人证明provetosbthat从句向某人证明prove(oneself)tobe证明(自己)是,表现出 【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst_.(05长春模拟) A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed 考察目标考察prove的意思。 答案与解析A此题wasproved的意思是“得到证明”,有被动意味。 11.provide的用法 构词:providern.供应者,供给者,养家者provided/providingconj.如果搭配:providesbwithsth/sthtosb给供应;以装备 【考例】Hisson_theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred 考察目标考察provide的词义。 答案与解析Aprovide与with搭配,意思是“向某人供应某物”。 12.share的用法搭配:share(in)sth.withsth.和某人共享、分担、共用某物sharesth(out)between/among.将某物安排、分给sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦shareone“sopinion同意某人的意见 【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto_.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share考察目标此题主要考察在语境中选择动词的力量。 答案与解析D四个选项的含义分别为:support支持;care在意,关怀;spare挤出(时间),匀出某物;share共享,分担,与某人合用。依据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩,share在此意为“合用玩具”,解此题的关键是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D为最正确答案。13.solve的用法 构词:solutionn.1.C(问题的)解答;(困难的)解决方法2.U解答,解决3.U溶解搭配:thesolutionto解决的方法 【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution_theproblem.(201*北京春招) A.withB.intoC.forD.to 考察目标solve名词solution的相关搭配。答案与解析D“对于的解决方法”,介词用to。 14.totaln./adj.全部(的) (1)intotal加起来Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof总共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof.的总数Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj. when并列连词,=andthen,表示“就在那时,突然”,常见以下句型中: (1)bedoing.when.正在做突然Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor“sshop. (2)haddone.when.刚做了突然Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo.when.刚要做突然Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme. 16.whileconj. (1)while附属连词,引导时间状语从句,从句动词用连续性动词,主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea. (2)并列连词,表前后两个分句意义相反或相对,意为“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven“tenough. (3)放在句首,表示“尽管;虽然”,相当于although。Whilewedon“tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly. 牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空: (compare,interest,fun,solve,argue,consider,share) 1.Allthenovelsareconsidered_theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit_tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun) 3.Theheadmasterignoredthe_betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan“tdecide.Theplanneedstobe_.(considered) 5._withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared) 6.Ifindabetterway_thisproblem.(tosolve) 7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies_thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【词语比拟】1.especially,specially especiallyadv.特别地;尤其是 (1)侧重于多种事物或人中比拟突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英语) (2)especially后可接介词短语或从句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially侧重特意地、特地地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore boringadj.令人厌烦的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厌烦的I“mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厌烦Thisbookboresme. 有些表示情感的及物动词,有与bore类似的用法。如:interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry这类词的现在分词形式,为“令人”;过去分词形式,为“感到”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有:except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when.)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了之外。没有”,二者大多数状况下可以互换;但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等词后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher“saddressexcept/buthim.(排解him) (2)besides除之外,还,有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围) (3)exceptfor只不过,整体确定,局部修正,用于排解非同类事物,for表示细节上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout (1)know用作动词,意思是“(直接地)获知,懂得,熟悉,熟识”。Idon“tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest. (2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(间接地)获知”,指听别人说到或从书报上看到,二者没有什么区分。5.forexample;suchas (1)forexample“例如”,用来举例说明某一论点或状况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替换。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.(2)suchas“例如”,用来列举事物,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不行有逗号。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish. 留意如把前面所述状况全部举出,用thatis或namely。短语归纳1.含all的短语 1)firstofall首先(强调挨次)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)总共3)afterall究竟,终究4)atall究竟,根本 5)aboveall最重要的是(强调重要性)6)not(.)atall(=not(.)intheleast)根本不,一点也不7)allthetime始终,始终 8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然,冷不防9)allright行,可以 10)allatonce立刘,立刻11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover普及 13)allalone独个儿,独立地14)allbut几乎,差一点15)allinall总的说来 16)alltogether一道,同时,总共17)forall尽管 例句Iwokeupanddidn“thearhimatall.我醒了,一点儿也没有听到他说话。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了许多跤,以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/Youshouldn“tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不应当责备他,究竟,她只有五岁。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要很多东西,最重要的是,需要爱。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你肯定始终知道这事。 【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher._,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肃、青海) A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual考察目标主要考察四个短语的用法。 答案与解析Aafterall意为“究竟终究”;asaresult意为“结果”;inotherwords意为“换句话说”;asusual意为“像平常一样”。本句意思是:虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。由于她究竟是一个宏大的音乐家。 【考例】I“dliketobuyahouse-modern,comfortable,and_inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建) A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall 考察目标主要考察all构成的四个短语。答案与解析Binall意为“总共”;aboveall意为“最重要的是”;afterall意为“究竟”;atall意为“究竟”。本句话意思是:我想买一个房子,现代的、舒适的,但最重要的是在一个宁静的地区。2.atall (1)用在确定句中,“竟然”I“msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否认句中,“一点也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑问句中,“究竟”“毕竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在条件句中,“真的,的确”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容词+介词”的短语1)begoodat擅长于 2)beinterestedin对感兴趣 3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith对满足4)befamousfor因而知名5)bekind/goodto对好6)belostin沉湎于 7)beactivein在某方面积极8)besureabout/of确信9)beafraidof可怕10)befullof布满11)befilledwith布满 12)bemadeof/from由组成13)begenerousto对大方14)bepopularwith受欢送15)beconfidentof确信16)befondof喜爱,宠爱 17)beangrywith/at对发脾气18)belatefor迟到 19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat对感到惊异20)bebusydoing忙着做 21)beexcitedabout对感到兴奋22)beworriedabout担忧23)beusedfor/as用于 24)becuriousabout对奇怪 例句LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林确信自己有力量做这活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他对谁花钱都很大方,结果没有攒到多少钱。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在帮忙穷人方面,她很热心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢送。Lostinthought,hedidn“trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思索之中,没有意识到我进来了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn“tknowwhattodo.看到这一幕我特别惊异,不知道该做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三学生在忙于预备马上到来的期末考试。【考例l】(201*重庆) -Youknow,Bobisalittleslow_understanding,so.-SoIhavetobepatient_him. A.in;withB.on;withC.in;to