仁爱英语八年级上册第二单元unit2topic2课文知识点讲解.docx

仁爱英语八年级上册其次单元 unit2 topic 2 课文学问点讲解Section A重点句型及学问点讲解1. I watched a soccer game last night and went to bed very late.昨天晚上我在电视上看了场足球赛，很晚才上床睡觉。watch主要用于观看电视节目、球赛、玩耍和话剧等。如：We watched a play in the theater yesterday. 昨天我们在剧院看了一场话剧。【辨析】1read 主要用于读书、看报等。如：My mother likes reading newpapers. 我妈妈宠爱看报纸。（2） see 和 watch 有相像之处，用于观看竞赛、电视节目、演出、电影等。但see 主要强调看的结果。 我经常观察你在暑假期间打篮球。（3） look 意为“看、瞧”是不及物动词，强调动作。如：Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。2. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜很晚对你的安康不利。(1) stay up 熬夜, 如：we stayed up until midnight to see the New Year coming. (2)在这里staying up 是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。有时候动名词也可作主语。如:Dancing is fun. 跳舞是一种乐趣。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。(3) be good /bad for 对有益/害。如:Walking is good for our health.闲逛对我们的安康有益。3. I must have a good rest. 我必需好好休息。must 的用法：(1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必需、肯定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. 在我回来之前你必需呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必需现在交作业吗？(2)其否认形式 mustnt 表示“肯定不要” “千万别” “制止,不许”.如：You mustnt playwith fire. 你不许玩火。You mustnt be late.你肯定不要迟到。3对 must 引导的疑问句，确定答复为 must，否认答复为 neednt 或 dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?我现在必需完成作业吗？No, you neednt. 不，你不必。(4)must 表示有把握的推想，用于确定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在确定在家。5 must 可以用来表示确定的推想其否认形式为 cant. 如：The light isnt on, so he cant be at home now.灯没有亮，他确定不在家。4. Put litter into the dustbin. 把垃圾放入垃圾箱。1litter 指公共场所丢弃的小片/块垃圾，如纸片、塑料袋、易拉罐、饮料瓶等。2put into 把.放入.5. Doing morning exercises every day. 每天早上做早操。exercise 是“体操，操练”，是可数名词，故加 s。如：Doing eye exercises is good for our eyes.Exercise 指活动，作“熬炼、运动”讲时是不行数名词。如： Swimming is good health. 游泳时有益的活动。6. Keeping fingernails long. 留长指甲。keep 是英语中用法机敏的动词之一，学过的用法归纳如下：用作系动词，意为“保持某种状态”，其后常接形容词作表语。如：Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后，他仍旧活着。用作实义动词，可表示：1. 保管；保存；保存。如：Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。Please keep these things for me while I am away.在我离开期间，请你替我保管这些东西。2. 赡养；饲养。如：Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family?他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗？I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时经常养羊。3. 经营。如：Her father kept a grocer”s shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。4. 坚持；连续。后面如接动词，要用 V-ing 形式作宾语。如：If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you”ll soon make great progress.假设你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大的进步。5. 阻挡；阻碍。常用于 keep sb/sth from doing sth 构造中，其中介词 from 不能省略。如：The heavy rain didn”t keep them from watching the football match.大雨没能阻挡他们观看足球赛。6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使某人或某物保持某种状态或使某一动作连续。 keep + sb/sth + 介词。如：If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.假设你觉得手冷，就把它们放在口袋里。 keep + sb/sth + 形容词。如：These gloves will keep your hands warm. 这种手套保暖好。It will keep you active during the day.它会使你一天保持活力。后面课本会消灭 keep +sb/sth + 副词。如： The cold weather kept us indoors. 严寒的天气使我们呆在家里。 keep + sb/sth + V-ing 形式，表示“让某人 / 某物始终”，强调动作的持续性。如：I”m sorry I”ve kept you waiting. 很内疚，让你久等了。 keep + sb/sth + V-ed 形式，表示“让某人 / 某物始终被”，宾语是 V-ed 形式，表示的动作的承受者。如：She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.她紧闭双眼，呆在原地未动。7. 构成的其它动词短语有：keep a record 保持记录， keep apart 把分开， keep back one”s tears忍住眼泪， keep in touch (with)保持与的联系， keep out (of)把关在外面， keep up 保持；使不能入睡， keep one”s / an eye on 照管，亲热注视， keep away (from) 离开；不接近；戒除， keep in mind 牢记， keep one”s word 遵守诺言， keep pace/step with 跟上的步伐， keep up with 与同步；跟上等。7. Dont throw litter around. 不要处处扔垃圾。throw around 处处扔，如：throw litter around= throw around litter (litter 是名词， 即可以放后也可以放中间，但代词只能放中间，如：throw it around )8. Washing hands before meals. 饭前洗手。1meal 餐、一顿饭。如：Lunch is his main meal of the day. 午餐是他的正餐。2before meals 饭前。Before 意为“在之前”，为介词，其后接名词、代词、或名词短语，也可接时间。9. going to school without breakfast 不吃早饭去上学。without“没有/缺乏 ” 反义词是 with 后面跟名词、代词、动名词，一起构成介词短语，常用语句末作状语。如：I went shopping without taking my son. 我去购物没带我女儿。e.g. I like coffee我宠爱不加糖(sugar)的咖啡。China is a countrya long history. 中国是个有悠久历史的国家。【链接】without反义词为 with , 意为“有”。如：The girl with long hair is my sister. 留长发的那个女孩是我的姐姐。Section B1. Youd better not read in the sun. 你最好不要再阳光下读书。in the sun 在阳光下(此处不能用 under the sun )youd better do sth 最好做某事youd better not do sth 最好不要做某事2. Yes, he thinks smoking can help him relax. 是的，他认为吸烟帮助他放松。情态动词 can 表示力量，意为“能、会”的意思。可与 be able to 互换。两者表示力量时用法一样，但 can 只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示。另外be able to 经常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak English.吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive.他已经会开车了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我信任你能快速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。【链接】1can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，在口语中 can代替 may。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗？(2) can 在疑问句中和否认句中，表示“可能性”，如： Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？3. Look, the article says smoking is bad for our lungs and it can even cause cancer. 看，文章上说抽烟对我们的肺有害，它甚至能导致癌症。（1） say 在此处指书面材料，文字记载上的“说”，表示文字材料或可见的东西供给信息、指示等均可用 say 。 如：the guidebook say we should turn left.旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。（2） cause 这个词有两种词性，在此处是动词。v.导致，引起1） 接名词：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage 引起事故/惹麻烦/导致死亡/引起大火/导致重病/造成损害2） 接双宾语：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage 给某人带来苦痛/麻烦/损害3接复合宾语：cuase sb. to do sth 使某人做某事The sound caused me to jump back.那声音吓得我向后退。作名词时，意为“缘由”时是可数名词，意为“理由，缘由”时为不行数名词。如：You have no cause to cry. 你没理由哭。4. I must ask him to give up smoking. 我必需让他放弃吸烟。give up (doing) sth. 意为“放弃做某事“。如:Jim is not good at Chinese and he wants to give it up. 吉姆语文学不好，他想放弃了。5. May I borrow your newspaper and show it to my father?我能借借你的报纸给我父亲看吗？1.表示恳求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。(2) .表示推想，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于确定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.（3） can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，在口语中 can 代替may，而 may 更正式一些。（4） borrow 和 lend 的区分. 首先，看看这个词：borrow, 向他人借东西，一般这样来用：borrow something from somebody:May I borrow your magazine for a while? 我能借你的杂志一会儿吗？. lend: vt. & vi.把借给(借出去)Can you lend me 10 dollars? 能借给我块钱吗？6. Drink enough water every day. 每天喝足够的水。（1） enough 用作形容词，通常修饰复数名词或不行数名词，可放在被修饰名词之前或之后(但以前置为多见)。如：He has enough money to buy a car.他有足够的钱买辆汽车。We have time enough to get to the airport.我们来得及赶到机场。（2） enough 用作副词，可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等，此时总是放在被修饰语之后。如：He didnt practise enough.他练习得不够。(3) enough to do sth 意为“足够可以做某事”如：The light is not good enough to take photos. 光线不够好不能照相。Section C1. Mothers always tell their children what they should eat . 妈妈们总是告知他们的孩子他们应当吃什 么。1 tell sb to do sth 告知某人去做某事 tell sb sth 告知某人某事2) what they should eat 为宾语从句 what 在宾语从句中做宾语2. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar. 留神，不要吃太多的盐或糖。or 连词，意为“或，或者，还是”，用于表示连接选择、替换的词、短语或从句。如：Are you coming or not?你来还是不来？Is it a boy or a girl? 是个男孩还是女孩？【扩展】(1) 意为“也不”，用于否认句，提出两种或多种事物的连接词。如：He cant read or write.他不会写，也不会读。and 意为“和，又，还”，表示并列关系，用于确定句。如： We have black hair and black eyes.我们有黑头发还有黑眼睛。2意为“否则，不然”用于警告或忠告。如：Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 赶快，不然你上学就要迟到了。3. She said it might cause illness. 她说它可能引起疾病。Illness 名词，意为“疾病”。ill+ness 组成 illness. 例如：kindness, happiness.【辨析】disease 名词，意为“病，疾病”。常指比较严峻，通常持续时间久的疾病，常影响特定的身体部位。illness 常指身体或精神上得疾病。He missed a lot of lessons because of his illness. 他因生病耽误了很多的功课。Headache is not a disease itself, bu it may show that something is wrong with your health. 头痛本身不是病，但它可能会显示出你的安康有问题了。【链接】May 和 might 的用法1. 表示允许留意以下两种状况。如：（1） 表示恳求允许即恳求别人允许自己做某事，两者都可用，只是might 表示的语气较委婉但并不表示过去。如：May (might) I sit here?I wonder if I might ask you a favor?Id like to ask a question if I may.（2） 表示赐予允许即自己允许别人做某事，通常用 may 而不用 might。如 You may come in now.You may not tell him this.2. 表示推想 两者都可用，只是might 比 may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。3. May 表示祝福May you be happy! 祝你幸福May god bless you! 愿上帝保佑你4. Her mother always forced her to drink it. 他的妈妈总是强迫他喝牛奶。force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事Eg: 这老板经常强迫工人工作 12 小时。This boss often forces the workers to work for 12 hours.5. She had to drink a glass of milk because her mother was always watching her.她不得不喝杯牛奶，由于她的妈妈总是看着她。本句是一个主从复合句，从句是由附属连词 because 引导的表示“缘由”的状语从句，它既可以至于主句之后，也可以至于其前。because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的缘由，答复 why 提出的问题。【扩展】because +从句because of+名词短语、代词、动名词如：They didnt go hiking because of the rain. 由于下雨，他们没去远足。Because the rain was heavy, they didnt go hiking. 由于下大雨，他们没去远足。6. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad. Michael 一观察白菜在他的盘子里，他就很生气。1as soon as一 就 (引导时间状语从句Eg: 我一到北京就打 给你。I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.【扩展】as soon as它的意思相当于“A 事情发生以后，就做 B 这件事”。这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较机敏，而且可以用于各种时态。假设主句为一般将来时，从句多用一般现在时。例如：Ill write you as soon as I get there.我一到那儿就给你来信。一般现在时As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.我一进门，Katherine 就快活的叫起来。一般过去时2mad adj 疯狂的，发疯；get mad 变得生气7. His mother made him taste it. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事Eg: 妈妈总是让我学习英语。My mother always makes me study English.8. He was surprised to find that it was delicious. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很惊异Eg: 她很惊异地觉察她的自行车不见了。She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost.【扩展】1 surprise 动词，意为“使惊异，使惊诧”。如：The news surprised me. 这个消息使我感到惊异。2surprise 名词，意为“惊异”“惊异”. to ones surprise“使某人惊异的是.”如：To my surprise, he is still alive. 使我惊异的是，他还活着。What a nice surprise! 真是让人惊喜！9. By chance Michael found that cabbage was good. 一次偶然的时机，Michael 觉察洋白菜很好吃。by chance 偶然的a chance to do sth.做某事的时机miss a good chance错过一次好时机Section D1. We should often open the window to keep the air fresh.空气清爽。我们应当经常开窗保持keep 后接形容词。意为“保持某种状态”，keep 作系动词，也可以用be 替换。如：keep quite!=be quite! 请保持安静！【扩展】keep sb./sth. 后接形容词/动名词表示“让某人/ 某物处于某种状态”。如：Keep the windows open, please. 请把窗户翻开。Dont keep him waiting. 不要让他始终等着。2. Smokers shouldnt use smoking to help them relax.吸烟者不应当用吸烟来放松自己。use sth to do sth. 意为“用.去做”如：We often use the dictionary to look up the new words.阅单词。我们经常使用词典去查3. In fact, smoking is really unhealthy 事实上，抽烟真的是不安康的。In fact 事实上In fact, I like playing computer games. 事实上，我宠爱玩电脑玩耍。In fact, I want to eat an ice cream. 事实上，我想吃一个冰激凌。4. They must give up smoking as soon as possible. 他们必需尽可能快的戒烟。give up sth/ doing sth 放弃做某事as soon as possible尽可能快的as much as possible尽可能多的as small as possible尽可能小的As+形容词+as possible可以与 as.as one can 互换使用。如：Please write down your answer as fast as possible.=Please write down your answer as fast as you can.请尽可能快的写下你的答案。