葡萄酒专业知识培训.ppt
葡萄酒专业知识初级基础初级基础Level 12021/9/211nI Wine HistorynII Alcoholic BeveragesnIII Definition of WinenIV Components of winenV Types of winenI 葡萄酒历史葡萄酒历史nII 含酒精饮料含酒精饮料nIII 什么是葡萄酒什么是葡萄酒nIV 葡萄酒的组成葡萄酒的组成n V 葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类Table of Contents目录目录2021/9/212VI Main WineCountriesVII Main Grape VarietiesVIII Wine Labels IX Wine tastingXWine&healthVI 主要葡萄酒产国主要葡萄酒产国 VII 主要葡萄品种主要葡萄品种 VIII 酒标酒标 IX 葡萄酒品尝葡萄酒品尝X 葡萄酒与健康葡萄酒与健康Table of Contents目录目录2021/9/213中东里海美索布达米亚葡萄酒历史葡萄酒历史公元公元50005000前前古埃及古埃及公元公元25002500前前前前古希腊古希腊公元公元16001600年前年前古罗马帝国古罗马帝国公元公元10001000年前年前法国高卢法国高卢西班牙西班牙德国德国奥地利奥地利公元公元400400年前至年前至公元公元100100年年公元公元1400-16001400-1600年年南非南非墨西哥墨西哥阿根廷阿根廷17691769加利福尼亚(美国)加利福尼亚(美国)澳大利亚澳大利亚新西兰新西兰1788-18191788-18192021/9/214Middle AsiaCaspian SeaMesopotamiaWine History5000BC5000BCAncientEgyptAncientEgypt2500BC2500BCAncientGreeceAncientGreece1600BC1600BCRomanEmpireRomanEmpire1000BC1000BCGaul(France)SpainGermanyAustria400BC-100AD400BC-100AD1400-16001400-1600SouthAfricaMexicoArgentina17691769California(USA)California(USA)AustraliaAustraliaNewZealandNewZealand1788-18191788-18192021/9/215II Alcoholic BeveragesII 含酒精饮料2021/9/216nFruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg:Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如:葡萄酒nGrain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg:Beer,Chinese rice wine,Saken谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料 例如:啤酒,中国黄酒,日本清酒Fermented Alcoholic Beverage发酵型酒精饮料发酵型酒精饮料Duringthefermentationprocess,yeast convertssugarintoalcoholandCo2在发酵期间,酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳2021/9/217Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料nHistory:Mesopotamia 3500BC-First Distillation used for perfume making 历史:美索布达米亚,公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造nDistillation:Separation of liquids by evaporation 蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开nSpirits:Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度nLiquors:Sweetened or flavored spirits 利口酒:加香和增甜的烈酒2021/9/218nA few distilled alcoholic beverages:Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandyn一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒 龙舌兰酒 白兰地Tips:Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识:小知识:干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料2021/9/219 Summary 摘要摘要Alcoholic BeveragesAlcoholic Beverages含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料 1)Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2)Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料2021/9/2110nRipe&Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄nCrush the berries,release the juice and add yeast to the must.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物nFermentation converts sugar into alcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精nWINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁III Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义葡萄酒的定义2021/9/2111IV Components of WinenFlavor Compounds (0.1%)nColor&Tannins(in red wines)(0.3%)nAcids (1%)nSugar (0.1%dry-8%sweet)nAlcohol (10%table wines,20%fortified wines)nWater (80%-90%)Notes:Approximate percentages by weight2021/9/2112IV 葡萄酒成分葡萄酒成分n含香物质含香物质 (0.1%)n色素和丹宁色素和丹宁 (红葡萄酒)(0.3%)n酸酸 (1%)n糖份糖份 (0.1%干干-8%sweet甜甜)n酒精酒精 (餐酒餐酒10%,加强葡萄酒加强葡萄酒20%)n水份水份 (80%-90%)注注:以上为重量的大约百分比以上为重量的大约百分比2021/9/2113V Types of wineV 葡萄酒种类2021/9/2114Types of Wine(By wine making process)ChampagneCavaPort,SherryRedRed WhiteWhiteRoseRoseSPARKLING WINE STILL WINEFORTIFIED WINE OtherSparklingwines 2021/9/2115葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类(按生产工艺分)(按生产工艺分)香槟酒加瓦钵酒,雪利酒红葡萄酒红葡萄酒 白葡萄酒白葡萄酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒汽泡酒汽泡酒普通葡萄酒普通葡萄酒加强葡萄酒加强葡萄酒其他汽泡酒 2021/9/2116Types of Wine(By service sequence during a meal)n nAperitif Aperitif (Dry sherryDry sherry,Champagne,Champagne,Dry white Dry white)n nTable WineTable Wine (Red,White,Rose (Red,White,Rose)n nDessert WineDessert Wine(Botrytis,Ice wine,Port(Botrytis,Ice wine,Port,Late HarvestLate Harvest)n nDigestiveDigestive (Liquors,Grappa (Liquors,Grappa)SugaralcohollowhighlowhighBeginning of the mealEnd of the meal2021/9/2117葡萄酒种类葡萄酒种类(按用餐时上酒顺序(按用餐时上酒顺序)n n餐前酒餐前酒 (干雪利酒干雪利酒,香槟酒香槟酒,干白葡萄酒干白葡萄酒)n n餐酒餐酒 (红红,白白,玫瑰葡萄酒玫瑰葡萄酒)n n甜酒甜酒 (贵腐酒贵腐酒,冰酒冰酒,钵酒钵酒 ,晚丰收葡萄酒晚丰收葡萄酒)n n餐后消化酒餐后消化酒 (利口酒利口酒,果渣酒果渣酒)糖份酒精低高低高用餐开始用餐开始用餐结束用餐结束2021/9/2118Old WorldOld World旧世界旧世界旧世界旧世界nFrance法国法国 2*nItaly意大利意大利 1*nSpain西班牙西班牙3*New WorldNew World新世界新世界新世界新世界nUSA美国美国 4*nAustralia澳大利亚澳大利亚6*nChile智利智利nArgentina 阿根廷阿根廷5*nNew Zealand新西兰新西兰nSouth Africa南非南非*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家产量前六名国家VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国主要葡萄酒产酒国 (Southern hemisphere+USA)南半球美国南半球美国 (European Countries)欧洲国家欧洲国家2021/9/2119Wine producing areas are generally concentrated between30 to 50 latitude on both northern and southern hemispheres2021/9/2120Old World VS New World旧世界旧世界VS新世界新世界nIntegrate more the soil and climate factors.“Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征nLong tradition and history悠久历史和传统 nGood visibility to the consumers客人容易理解nMain factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种nConsistent weather 相应气候nDifficult visibility to the consumersn客人不易理解 nLots of regulations很多规则nToo much standardization标准太多nNot been produced for long ageing n储存时间较短Oldworld旧世界旧世界(European Countries 欧洲国家欧洲国家)(Southern hemisphere+USA 南半球南半球 美国美国)Pros优点优点New World 新世界新世界Cons缺点缺点2021/9/2121典型旧世界国家n法国酒 拥有两千年酿酒工艺,品质经典,被投资客和收藏家追捧的世界名酒多是法国的列级名庄。n德国酒 德国是雷司令的故乡,酒香馥郁,口感清爽,酒精度低。适合不太能喝酒的人及刚入门者。n西班牙酒 葡萄种植面积居世界第一、产酒量排第三。酒品感觉惊艳,仿佛处于过去与未来的交替中。n意大利酒 世界最大的葡萄酒生产国,出口量与法国并列前茅。气泡酒、混合葡萄酒等较为有名。2021/9/2122典型新世界国家n澳洲酒 新兴葡萄酒国,价廉物美。葡萄酒以口感丰腴,并带有巧克力和水果香为其特色。n阿根廷酒 新世界葡萄酒代表性国家。红葡萄酒是阿根廷最好的酒,这里有很多优秀的葡萄品种。n智利酒 智利酒非常容易饮,风格明朗,浓郁丰厚,性价比不错,口味方面适合于亚洲消费者。n美国酒 90%的美国酒在加州酿造,葡萄酒品种非常多样化,从日常餐酒,到高级葡萄酒都有。2021/9/2123新旧世界采摘比较2021/9/2124VIIGrapeVarieties葡萄品种2021/9/2125Summary摘要摘要n8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种n1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒n200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄n100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄n50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄nGrape variety,a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种,是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素2021/9/2126Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种主要白葡萄品种White Grapes白葡萄品种白葡萄品种nChardonnay/莎当妮 nSauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁 nRiesling/薏丝琳 nGewuztraminer /格乌兹莱妮 nPinot Grigio/灰皮诺nViognier/威格尼2021/9/2127White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种NativetoBurgundy源于法国的勃根第地区Nowworldsmostfashionable&famouswhitevariety当今最流行,有名的白葡萄品种Creamyandfull-bodied口感柔和饱满Whitefruitsandnuttyflavor白色水果及干果味Chardonnay莎当妮莎当妮2021/9/2128White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Bordeaux,centralLoire波尔多,卢瓦尔河中部Crispacidity清新爽口偏酸Freshandaromatic清新果香芬芳CitrusandGrassy柑桔及青草味Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁白苏维翁2021/9/2129White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种GrowninAlsace,Germany,SouthAustralia,WashingtonState,etc种植于阿尔萨斯,德国,罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile(dry,tartwinetoSweetlate-harvestwine)变化多样(可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化)Floralandmineralflavor花香及矿物味Naturallyhighacidity天然酸度高Atremendouscapacitytoage可陈年 Riesling 薏丝琳薏丝琳2021/9/2130White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Alsace,Germany,Austria阿尔萨斯,德国,奥地利Complex,generous层次分明,特征丰富鲜明Lychee,rose,spices,clovenotes荔枝,玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味TropicalFruit&Cinnamon热带水果味&肉桂味Gewurztraminer 格乌兹莱妮格乌兹莱妮2021/9/2131PopularinNorthernItaly盛产于意大利北部FruiliandVeneto福茹利、维纳图FreshandAromatic新鲜,芬芳Lightcolor 颜色偏淡Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺灰皮诺White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种2021/9/2132NorthernRhne,Australia,California北罗纳谷,奥大利亚,美国加州PrestigiousCondrieuAOC有声望的孔德里欧法定产地Peachflavor桃子香Verylowacidity酸度极低Viognier威格尼威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种2021/9/2133 Main Grape Varieties 主要葡萄品种主要葡萄品种 Red varieties 红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon/加本力苏维翁加本力苏维翁 Merlot/梅洛梅洛 Pinot Noir/黑皮诺黑皮诺 Gamay/甘美甘美 Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子设拉子 Sangiovese/桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯 Nebbiolo/尼比奥罗尼比奥罗 Zinfandel/仙芬黛仙芬黛 Tempranillo/泰普妮洛泰普妮洛2021/9/2134AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Full-bodied,tannic酒体饱满,丹宁较丰富Verycomplex,longevolution口味丰富,陈年长Blackcurrant,violet黑加仑,紫罗兰Cabernet Sauvignon加本力苏维翁加本力苏维翁 Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2135AtraditionalBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Suppleandround口感柔顺,饱满Blackandredcherry黑色及红色樱桃Chocolate巧克力Merlot梅洛梅洛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2136 KingofBurgundy勃根蒂之王Cherry,raspberry樱桃、覆盆子Spicenotes稍带辛辣Earthycomplexities泥土气息Asilkytexture,littletannins丝般柔滑,丹宁较淡Pinot Noir黑皮诺黑皮诺Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2137NativetoBurgundy源于法国的勃根第地区GrapeusedtomakeBeaujolais用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Lightpurpleincolor酒体呈浅紫色Fruityandlightintannins果香浓郁,口感柔和Tobedrunkyoung趁年轻时喝 Gamay 甘美甘美Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2138MostlygrowninRhneRegion,France,Australia主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚Richblackandredberryfruit,plum丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味Gameandspicecomplexity丰富的野味及辛辣味Richandfull-bodied口感丰富,酒体饱满 Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子设拉子Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2139 Italysmostcommongrape意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种Chianti基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制BrunellodiMontalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺Lightlyfragrantwines酒香清淡Adistinctbittercherrytaste独特的苦莓味Tighttannins强烈的丹宁味Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2140 Piemontesegrape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种GrapeforBarolo&Barbaresco酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒Tannic,acidicandaustere.丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉Complex,full-bodied酒体饱满,口味丰富Betteraftermorethan4yearsaging最好陈年4年以上Nebbiolo尼比奥罗尼比奥罗Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2141MostlygrowninCalifornia主要种植于美国加州地区Deeplyconcentratedberryfruit浓缩的浆果味Jammy果酱味Intriguingspicenotes独特香辣Abigfinish回味极佳 Zinfandel仙芬黛仙芬黛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种2021/9/2142Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 ThefineSpanishvariety很好的西班牙葡萄品种Rioja,Valdepenas里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区,Elegantandaromatic优雅,芬芳Tempranillo泰普妮洛泰普妮洛2021/9/2143VIII Wine Labels酒标2021/9/2144&How to Read Wine Label怎样解读酒标怎样解读酒标?&Winery 酒庄名酒庄名&Vintage年份年份&Alcohol Level酒精含量酒精含量&Net Volume 净含量净含量&(Name of Wine)酒名酒名&New World New World 新世界新世界新世界新世界&Grape Variety葡萄品种葡萄品种&Old World Old World 旧世界旧世界旧世界旧世界&Appellation产地产地&Classification等级等级Usualcontentsofalabel酒标里包含的内容2021/9/2145 Sample from the New World来自新世界的样标来自新世界的样标 S2021/9/2146 Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标来自旧世界的样标Whatisthegrapevariety?葡萄品种是什么?2021/9/2147IX Wine Tasting Techniques 品酒技巧品酒技巧1)Appearance:Clarity,Brightness,Color and intensity视觉:澄清度,亮度,颜色及深浅2)Nose:Intensity and Aromas嗅觉:香气及浓郁程度3)Taste:Balance,flavors and length味觉:平衡口味及留香Tips:单宁究竟是什么?单宁(Tannin)是一种酸性物质,主要源于葡萄皮和葡萄籽。单宁是红葡萄酒的灵魂,它的主要作用有:为葡萄酒建立“骨架”,使酒体结构稳定、坚实丰满 2021/9/2148