中考复习Part-3-科普文专题特训课件资料.pptx

Part 3科普文专题特训 英语 返回一一Theideathatredmeansstopandgreenmeansgohasinfluencedourlivesinmorewaysthanjusttrafficsignals.Wehavebeentaughtfromayoungagethatthecolorredmeansdangerandgreenmeansitsokaytomoveforward.Butwhywerethosecolorschosenfortrafficlightsinthefirstplace?Forsomethingwehavetolookateveryday,whycouldnttheyhavebeenprettiercolors?Well,itsimportanttoknowthatbeforetrafficlightsforcars,thereweretrafficsignalsfortrains.Atfirst,railwaycompaniesusedredtomeanstop,whitetomeango,andgreentomeanwarn.Asyoucouldimagine,trainsranintoafewproblemswithwhitemeaninggo.Forexample,onetrainmistookabrightstarforawhitelightandsomethingunexpectedhappened.Becauseofthat,railwaycompaniesfinallymovedgreenmeaninggoandusedyellowtomeanwarn.Anditsbeenthatwayeversince.Redhasalwaysbeenacolorthatmeantdanger,longbeforecarswereevenaround.Thismostlikelystartedbecauseitsthecolorwiththelongestwavelengthsoitcanbeseensomewherefartherthanothercolors.Butbelieveitornot,yellowwasonceusedtomeanstop.Backinthe1900s,somestopsignswereyellowbecauseitwashardtoseearedsigninapoorlylitarea.Finally,highlyreflectivematerials(高反射材料高反射材料)weredevelopedandredstopsignswereborn.Sinceyellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday,schoolzones,sometrafficsigns,andschoolbusescontinuetobeprintedyellow.Sonexttimewhenyouareimpatientlywaitingatatrafficlight,dontgetsomadatthem;theyvecertainlycomealongway.英语 返回()1.Whatweretrafficsignalsforbeforetrafficlightsforcars?A.Trains.B.Boats.C.Planes.D.Bicycles.()2.Whichofthefollowingcolorsmeantgoatfirst?A.Red.B.Yellow.C.White.D.Green.()3.Theunderlinedword“wavelength”meansinChinese.A.波浪波浪 B.波峰波峰C.波长波长 D.波谷波谷ACC 英语 返回()4.Whyareschoolbusespaintedyellow?A.Becauseyellowisaprettiercolor.B.Becauseyellowoncemeantdanger.C.Becauseyellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday.D.BecauseyellowmeansitsOKtogoforward.()5.Thetextmainlytellsus.A.howimportanttrafficlightsareB.whichcolorhasthelongestwavelengthC.whatred,yellowandgreencanbeusedforD.whytrafficlightsarered,yellowandgreenCD 英语 返回二二SearchingforparkingspaceshaslongbeenaheadacheformanyofficeworkersinmanybigcitiesinChina,especiallyforthoseworkingincentralbusinessdistricts.Parkingneartheircompaniesforfivedaysaweekcouldcostthemalotofmoney.Atthesametime,evenwithpricesforparkinglotsinresidentialareas(居民区居民区)rising,mostoftheirspacesremainidleduringworkdays.NowanewformofsharingeconomyhasappearedinChinathesharedparkingspace.Ithasbecomeahugemarketinsomebigcities.InQingdao,acoastal(海岸的海岸的)cityinShandong,upto10,000personalparkingspaceshavebeenturnedintosharedoneswiththehelpof“Airparking”,anonlinesharedparkingplatformdevelopedbyanetworkcompanyfromGuangzhou.Throughaspecialapp,userscaneithershareororderaparkingplace.Ownerswhohaveidleparkingspacescansharesomeinformation,includingtheparkingposition,licensenumberandtimelimit(限制限制)ontheplatform.Withtheinformation,userscaneasilyfindthenearestplacetopark.Theaverageparkingcostforsharedparkingis4yuaneachhour,almostthesameastheservicecostintraditionalparkingspaces.QingdaoisoneoftheChinesecitiesthatencouragesharedparking.Someotherbigcities,includingBeijing,ShanghaiandHefei,havealsobeguntotrythisidea.TheShanghaigovernment,forexample,hassetupmorethan6,500sharedparkingspacestoencouragethepublictouse.Sharedparkingwillbemoreandmorehelpfultothedrivers.英语 返回()6.Inthefirstparagraph,thewriterpointsoutthat.A.weshouldfindagoodwaytouseparkingspacesinbigcitiesB.pricesofparkingspacesarerisingquicklyinChinaC.itsdifficulttofindparkingspacesincentralbusinessdistrictsD.manypeoplewanttofindparkingspacesinresidentialareasduringworkdaysC 英语 返回()7.Theunderlinedword“idle”probablymeansinChineseinthispassage.A.无所事事的无所事事的B.停顿的停顿的C.闲置的闲置的 D.懒惰的懒惰的C 英语 返回()8.IfyouwanttousesharedparkinginQingdao,youshould.A.lovethecityB.useaspecialappC.haveanidleparkingspaceD.shareyourpersonalinformation()9.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouuseasharedparkingspacefor5hoursinQingdao?A.15yuan.B.20yuan.C.25yuan.D.30yuan.BB 英语 返回()10.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellusthat.A.itshardtofindparkingspacesinresidentialareasduringworkdaysB.QingdaohasfewersharedparkingspacesthanShanghaiC.sharedparkingwillprobablybecomemoreandmorepopularD.sharedparkingismoreexpensivethantraditionalparkingserviceC 英语 返回三三Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Or,insummer,theymaythinkitistheheat.However,therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattimeabouteighthoursafteryouwakeupyourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworld,peopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimates,wheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.Researchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimate.Adailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.Incountrieswherenapsaretraditional,peopleoftensuffer(遭受遭受)lessfromproblemssuchasheartdisease.Manyworkingpeople,unfortunately,havenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnaps,employersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechance,however,hereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.Ashortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterward.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtime,tryashortnapeventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.英语 返回()11.Whydoyousometimesfeelsleepyintheearlyafternoon?A.Becauseitsveryhotinsummer.B.Becauseyoueattoomuchforlunch.C.Becauseyoudidnthaveagoodsleeplastnight.D.Becauseyourbodytemperaturegoesdownatthattime.D 英语 返回()12.Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveontakinganap?A.Ifyourtimeislimited,ashortnapcanalsohelp.B.Onlypeopleinwarmerclimateneedtotakeanap.C.Youdbettertakeanapaboutanhourafteryouhavelunch.D.Youcansleepaslongasyoulikesothatyouwontfeeltiredorsleepy.A 英语 返回 ()13.Whatcanwelearnabout“naps”accordingtothethirdparagraph?A.Doctorsneedtotakenapswhileemployersdont.B.Takingnapsishelpfulforpeopleshealthinspringandsummer.C.Ifyoutakenapseveryday,youllhavelessriskofheartdisease.D.Allthepeopleinwarmerclimatestakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.C 英语 返回 ()14.Wecaninfer(推断推断)fromthepassagethat.A.youwillfeellesssleepyifyousleepforalongtimeB.takinganapwheneveryouwantwilldogoodtoyourhealthC.ifyougetupat6:30a.m.,youdbettertakeanapatabout2:30p.m.D.sleepforeighthours,andyoullfeelsleepyashortperiodlaterC 英语 返回()15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.JustForaRestB.AllForaNapC.ASpecialSleepPatternD.TakingNapsinWarmerClimatesB 英语 返回四四Inrecenthistory,therehavebeensomeamazinginventionswhichhavechangedourlives.Theplanehasmadeinternationaltravelfasterandeasier.TheInternethasbroughtpeoplecloser.AndyoumustknowthenamesofsomefamousinventorslikeHenryFordandSteveJobs.Buttherearemanyeverydayobjectswhichyouprobablydontnoticeandyoudontknowwhoinventedthem.TakeforexampleNilsBohlin,whoinventedthemodern-daycarseatbelt(安全带安全带).Before1959,onlytwo-pointseatbeltswereavailable,andtheonlypeoplewhooftenworethemwereracecardrivers.Thetwo-pointseatbeltcouldntprotectpassengersfrominternalinjuries(内伤内伤)duringseriouscaraccidents.In1958,BohlinjoinedVolvoCarCorporationasasafetyengineer.Hecameupwiththethree-pointseatbelttokeeppassengersfromflyingoutoftheircarsduringcollisions.Thethree-pointseatbeltusedonestrap(带子带子)acrossthechest(胸部胸部)andanotheracrossthelegsandthenthetwojoinedatthesameplace.Amazingly,thiswasaverysimpleideawhichnoonetriedbefore.Thethree-pointseatbeltwasintroducedonVolvocarsin1959.Formorepeoplessafety,Volvomadethenewseatbeltdesign(设计设计)availabletoothercarmakersforfree.Sincethen,engineershaveworkedtoimprovethethree-pointseatbelt,butthebasicdesignremainsBohlins.AtthetimeofBohlinsdeathinSeptember2002,Volvosaidthattheseatbelthadsavedmorethanonemillionlivessinceitwasintroduced.英语 返回()16.ThewriterdevelopshisideasinParagraph1by.A.tellingajoke B.givingsomeexamplesC.askingsomefunquestionsD.describingapersonalexperience()17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwo-pointseatbelt?A.Itwassoldworldwide.B.Itwasnoteasytowear.C.Itsavedoveronemillionlives.D.Itwaspopularwithracecardriversonly.BD 英语 返回()18.Theunderlinedword“collisions”inParagraph3meansinChineseinthispassage.A.碰撞碰撞B.清洗清洗C.制造制造D.修理修理()19.Bohlininventedthethree-pointseatbelt.A.intheearly1950sB.togetajobatVolvoC.whileworkingatVolvoD.afterhavingacaraccidentAC 英语 返回()20.Thebesttitleofthispassageis.A.CarsafetyB.AgreatcarcompanyC.Alife-savinginvention D.DifferentkindsofseatbeltsC 英语 返回五五Wehavefoundplasticintheoceanandinanimalslikebirds,fishandwhales.Butforthefirsttime,scientistshavefoundplasticinthewastefromhumanbody,USATodayreported.ThefindingscamefromapilotstudyledbyscientistsfromEnvironmentAgencyAustria.Theresearchersfollowedeighthealthyvolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thevolunteerswrotedownwhattheyateforaweekandthenprovidedastoolsamplefortesting.Scientistsfoundninedifferenttypesofplasticinthesamples,accordingtothestudy.Anaverageof20smallplasticparticles(颗粒颗粒)werefoundinevery10gramsofstool.Theparticlesmeasuredbetween50to500micrometers.“Thesmallestplasticparticlescanenterthebloodstream,thelymphaticsystem,andmayevenreachtheliver(肝脏肝脏),”PhilippSchwabl,whotookpartintheresearch,saidtotheGuardian.However,thescientistsarentsureifthisplasticisharmfultohumans.Theyrenotsurehowtheplasticgotinthevolunteersbodies,either.Butmostofthevolunteerssaidtheydrankfromplasticbottlesandalsoateseafoodthatcouldincludeplasticfromoceanpollution.Infact,plasticiseverywherearoundus.Everyyear,anaverageof8milliontonsofplasticwastegoesintotheoceans,accordingtoNationalGeographic.There,sunlightandwavesbreaktheplasticitemsdowntothesizesofgrainsofrice.Mostoftheparticlesstayintheocean.Otherscanspreadintothesoilandtheair.Couldplasticintheairfallontofoodandgetintothehumanbody?AccordingtoUSAToday,90percentofseasaltsoldgloballycontainsplastic.Andevensometapwaterhasbeenfoundtohavetinyplasticparticlesinit.英语 返回()21.AccordingtoUSAToday,scientistshaverecentlydiscovered.A.plasticpollutionisworsethaneverB.animalslikebirdsorfishcaneatplasticC.seasaltisnotsafetoeatanymoreD.plastichasbeenfoundinhumanwasteD 英语 返回()22.Thepilotstudyshowsthat.A.scientistsfromAustraliafollowedeighthealthyvolunteersB.thevolunteerskeptarecordofwhattheyateforaweekC.nineplasticparticleswerefoundinthevolunteersstoolsamplesD.itprovedthatoceanpollutionhasbecomeratherserious()23.Theunderlinedwords“stoolsample”probablymeaninChineseinthispassage.A.大便样本大便样本B.科研例子科研例子C.凳子样品凳子样品D.化验报告化验报告DA 英语 返回 ()24.FromParagraph4wecanknow.A.plasticparticlesareinsideallofusB.plasticcanharmthelymphaticsystemC.plasticparticlescanbeafewdifferentsizesD.plasticparticlescanreachmanypartsofourbodiesD 英语 返回()25.Thewriterprobablywantstotellus.A.plasticdoesnoharmtoourbodiesB.peopleshouldstopdrinkingtapwaterC.itcanbehardtoavoidplasticinfoodanddrinksD.thebestwaytodealwithplasticwasteistoburnitC 英语 返回六六Everyonehasgottwopersonalitiesoneisshowntotheworldandtheotherissecretandreal.Youdontshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehavior,butwhenyouareasleep,sleepingpositionshowstherealyou.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequentlychangetheirposition.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin.Ifyougotosleeponyourback,yourareaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbyfashionoryournewideas.Youdontliketoupsetpeople,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.Youarequiteshyandyouarentveryconfident.Ifyousleeponyourstomach,youarearathersecretiveperson.Youworryalotandalwayseasilygetupset.Youalwayssticktoyourownopinionsorjudgement,butyoudontraiseyourhopestoomuch.Youusuallylivefortodaynottomorrow.Thismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtime.Ifyousleepcurledup(蜷缩蜷缩),youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandyouareoftenverydefensive.Youareshyandyoudontnormallylikemeetingpeople.Youprefertobeonyourown.Youareeasilyhurt.Ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balanced(平衡的平衡的)personality.Youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Youareusuallycareful.Youbelieveinyourself.Yousometimesfeelanxious,butyoudontoftengetsad.Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitmakespeopleratherangry.英语 返回()26.Youmayfindthepassagein.A.asciencemagazineB.aguidebookC.asportsnewspaperD.astorybook()27.Whendoesthesleepingpositionbestshowyoursecretpersonality?A.Atthedaytime.B.Whenyougotobed.C.Atnight.D.Duringthedeepsleep.AD 英语 返回()28.Tinahardlytellshersecretstoherfriends.Sheprobablygoestosleep.A.curledupB.onherstomachC.onherbackD.onherside()29.Theunderlinedword“defensive”meansinChineseinthepassage.A.易怒的易怒的B.攻击性的攻击性的C.外向的外向的D.有戒心的有戒心的BD 英语 返回()30.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Sleepingonyoursideisthebestwayofsleeping.B.Changingpositionswillcausesleepingproblems.C.Sleepingpositionswillshowpeoplessecretpersonalities.D.Enoughsleepmakespeoplelookbetterandhealthier.C谢谢观看 谢谢观看 严正声明 本课件由广州品学文化传播有限公司出品，与广东中本课件由广州品学文化传播有限公司出品，与广东中考高分突破配套，仅限教学使用。本课件所有权和著作权考高分突破配套，仅限教学使用。本课件所有权和著作权归本公司所有，任何人不得以任何非法形式进行销售或传播，归本公司所有，任何人不得以任何非法形式进行销售或传播，违者必究。违者必究。谢谢观看 谢谢观看 学习目标学习目标1、复述故事，深入理解文章内容，初步把、复述故事，深入理解文章内容，初步把握人物形象。握人物形象。2、学会利用文中关键词句分析人物形、学会利用文中关键词句分析人物形象。象。3、体会文章所揭示的深刻道理。、体会文章所揭示的深刻道理。谢谢观看 故事发生的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、故事发生的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果要复述清楚。经过和结果要复述清楚。看图复述课文内容看图复述课文内容自学指导自学指导(一一)谢谢观看 谢谢观看 1、作者运用哪几种方法去刻画人物的形象？从文中找出具体句子进、作者运用哪几种方法去刻画人物的形象？从文中找出具体句子进行分析。并说说你是如何看待这两个人物的。行分析。并说说你是如何看待这两个人物的。2、从这个故事中你懂得了什么道理？、从这个故事中你懂得了什么道理？自学指导自学指导(二二)谢谢观看 陈尧咨（善射）陈尧咨（善射）卖油翁（善酌）卖油翁（善酌）动作动作神态神态语言语言睨之睨之无他，但手熟尔无他，但手熟尔以我酌油知之以我酌油知之我亦无他，惟手熟尔我亦无他，惟手熟尔汝亦知射乎汝亦知射乎吾射不亦精乎吾射不亦精乎尔安敢轻吾射尔安敢轻吾射释担而立释担而立但微颔之但微颔之取取置置覆覆酌酌沥沥性格性格:自矜（骄傲）自矜（骄傲）谦虚谦虚对比对比道理道理:熟能生巧熟能生巧,即使有什么长处也不必骄傲自满。即使有什么长处也不必骄傲自满。忿然忿然笑而遣之笑而遣之笑而遣之笑而遣之谢谢观看 1、联系生活、学习，说说熟能生巧的事例。、联系生活、学习，说说熟能生巧的事例。2、你认为一个人应该如何看待自己的长处？又如、你认为一个人应该如何看待自己的长处？又如何看待他人的长处？何看待他人的长处？课外延伸课外延伸谢谢观看 1 1、课文主要写了、课文主要写了 和和 两个场面。两个场面。3 3、从神态描写写卖油翁看待陈尧咨射技的句子是、从神态描写写卖油翁看待陈尧咨射技的句子是 ，表现了他对陈尧咨的射技的，表现了他对陈尧咨的射技的 的态度；从语言上描写卖的态度；从语言上描写卖油翁看待陈尧咨的射技的句子是油翁看待陈尧咨的射技的句子是 ，这句话所包含的道理是这句话所包含的道理是 。2 2、陈尧咨看待自己射技的句子是、陈尧咨看待自己射技的句子是 、这些句子表现了陈尧咨这些句子表现了陈尧咨 的的态度。态度。4 4、这个故事也告诉我们要虚心地看待自己和别人的长处的道理，这让你想起哪些相、这个故事也告诉我们要虚心地看待自己和别人的长处的道理，这让你想起哪些相关的名言警句？关的名言警句？课堂练习：课堂练习：射箭射箭 酌油酌油公亦以此自矜公亦以此自矜吾射不亦精乎吾射不亦精乎尔安敢轻吾射尔安敢轻吾射自矜（或骄傲）自矜（或骄傲）睨之睨之但微颔之但微颔之轻视（或轻蔑）轻视（或轻蔑）无他无他但手熟尔但手熟尔熟能生巧熟能生巧谢谢观看 人外有人，天外有天。人外有人，天外有天。取人之长，补己之短。取人之长，补己之短。自满人十事九空，虚心人万事可成。自满人十事九空，虚心人万事可成。谦受益，满招损。谦受益，满招损。三人行，必有我师焉。三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。骄傲自满是我们的一座可怕的陷阱；而且，这个陷阱是我们自己亲骄傲自满是我们的一座可怕的陷阱；而且，这个陷阱是我们自己亲手挖掘的。手挖掘的。老舍老舍尺有所短；寸有所长。物有所不足；智有所尺有所短；寸有所长。物有所不足；智有所不明。不明。屈原屈原谢谢观看 1、正视自己的长处，扬长避短，、正视自己的长处，扬长避短，2、正视自己的缺点，知错能改，、正视自己的缺点，知错能改，3谦虚使人进步，谦虚使人进步，4、人应有一技之长，、人应有一技之长，5、自信是走向成功的第一步，、自信是走向成功的第一步，6强中更有强中手，一山还比一山高，强中更有强中手，一山还比一山高，7艺无止境艺无止境 8、宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来，刻苦训练才能有、宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来，刻苦训练才能有所收获，取得成效。所收获，取得成效。9、骄傲自大、不可一世者往往遭人轻视；、骄傲自大、不可一世者往往遭人轻视；10、智者超然物外、智者超然物外 谢谢观看 谢谢观看 学习目标学习目标1、复述故事，深入理解文章内容，初步把、复述故事，深入理解文章内容，初步把握人物形象。握人物形象。2、学会利用文中关键词句分析人物形、学会利用文中关键词句分析人物形象。象。3、体会文章所揭示的深刻道理。、体会文章所揭示的深刻道理。谢谢观看 故事发生的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、故事发生的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果要复述清楚。经过和结果要复述清楚。看图复述课文内容看图复述课文内容自学指导自学指导(一一)谢谢观看 谢谢观看 1、作者运用哪几种方法去刻画人物的形象？从文中找出具体句子进、作者运用哪几种方法去刻画人物的形象？从文中找出具体句子进行分析。并说说你是如何看待这两个人物的。行分析。并说说你是如何看待这两个人物的。2、从这个故事中你懂得了什么道理？、从这个故事中你懂得了什么道理？自