高中英语 现在分词与过去分词区别课件 牛津选修9.ppt

高考语法复习高考语法复习非谓语动词2021/8/11 星期三1非谓语不定式不定式(to)do 分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)非谓语动词分类动词动词-ing形式形式2021/8/11 星期三2不不定定式式主主语语宾宾语语表表语语宾宾补补定定语语状状语语动动名名词词主主语语宾宾语语表表语语定定语语分分词词表表语语宾宾补补定定语语状状语语2021/8/11 星期三3现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词的区别的区别非谓语动词复习非谓语动词复习2021/8/11 星期三41、作定语时、作定语时单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。Doyouknowthecryingboy?Doyouknowtheboycryingunderthetree?Wearetryingourbesttocatchupwiththedevelopedcountry.ThestudentsarediscussingabookwrittenbyLuXun.2021/8/11 星期三51、作定语时、作定语时1.The meeting held last week is very important.2.2.Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.3.3.They lived in a room facing the south.4.4.I hate to see letters written in pencil.被动关系被动关系被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系2021/8/11 星期三6Whats the difference between-ing and ed form used as an attributive?Reflection 12021/8/11 星期三7现在分词作定语表示动作现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生正在发生或与或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，与所修饰的词是与所修饰的词是主动关系或主谓关系主动关系或主谓关系及物动词的过去分词作定语表及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被完成或被动动的动作，与所修饰的词是的动作，与所修饰的词是被动关系被动关系或动宾关系或动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词；不及物动词的过去分词作定语作定语只表完成不表被动只表完成不表被动的动作。的动作。Tipsaretiredworker退休工人退休工人2021/8/11 星期三8练习练习1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_fromthelibrary.（10全国全国1）A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.（09浙江）浙江）A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating3.Withthegovernmentsaid,those_bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.（09上上海）海）A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected2021/8/11 星期三94.(2008上海卷上海卷)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA.speakingB.spokenC.tospeakD.tobespoken5(2011江苏）江苏）Recentlyasurvey_pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.AcomparedBcomparingCcomparesDbeingcompared2021/8/11 星期三102、作表语时（跟在系动词后）、作表语时（跟在系动词后）现在现在分词多表示主语所具有的分词多表示主语所具有的特征特征或或属性属性；过去过去分分词多表示主语所处的词多表示主语所处的状态状态。现在分词表示。现在分词表示“令人令人的的”，过去分词表示，过去分词表示“感到感到”.”.常见的分词有：常见的分词有：amazed/amazing,excited/exciting,bored/boring,annoyed/annoying,interested/interesting,pleased/pleasing,tired/tiring,surprised/surprising,worried/worrying,satisfied/satisfying,amused/amusing2021/8/11 星期三11例如：例如：The news was exciting.He appeared satisfied with my answer.练习练习Itisbelievedthatifabookis_,itwillsurely_thereader.(03上海)A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest2021/8/11 星期三123、作宾语补足语时、作宾语补足语时取决于分词与宾语的关系：取决于分词与宾语的关系：主动主动关系，用关系，用doing被动被动关系，用关系，用done。例如例如1.I found them painting the windows.2.I found the windows painted.主动关系主动关系被动关系被动关系（现在分词表（现在分词表主动、进行主动、进行）（过去分词表（过去分词表被动、完成被动、完成）2021/8/11 星期三13练习：练习：1.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.（09全国2）A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running3.(2007上海卷)Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall2021/8/11 星期三144.(2005天津卷)Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained5.(2007福建卷)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve6（2011江苏）Youlookupset.Whatsthematter？Ihadmyproposal_again.AturnedoverBturnedonCturnedoffDturneddown2021/8/11 星期三154、作状语、作状语时时Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.Seeingnobodyathome,heleft.被动关系被动关系主动关系分词的选取分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系主动关系，用，用doing被动关系被动关系，用，用done2021/8/11 星期三16练习：练习：1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（10天津）天津）A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause2_thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.（10上海）上海）A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached3._atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.（10北京）北京）A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked2021/8/11 星期三171._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome(04北京北京)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited注意2021/8/11 星期三182).现在分词的现在分词的一般式一般式与与完成式完成式：一般式一般式：doing表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。完成式完成式：havingdone表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序。分析分析：句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式练习练习1.(2005全国卷全国卷I)Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused例如：例如：Havingsufferedsuchheavyloss,thebusinessmandidnthavethecouragetogoon.2021/8/11 星期三193._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(04广东广东)ANotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted2021/8/11 星期三20练习练习1.Watchingtelevision,_.(05全国全国)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings2.Facedwithabillfor$10,000,.（06陕西）陕西）AJohnhastakenanextrajobBthebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobCanextrajobhasbeentakenDanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn2021/8/11 星期三213).分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词作状语时，分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语必须与句子的主语必须与句子的主语保持一保持一致致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为独立主格结构独立主格结构。如：。如：Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.再如：再如：Thebossbeingill,themeetingwasputoff.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforaspringouting.因为因为coming的逻辑主语，并不是的逻辑主语，并不是thefields，应补上，应补上它的逻辑主语它的逻辑主语spring，2021/8/11 星期三22练习：练习：1.Manystudents_around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.（07重庆）重庆）A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding2.There_nothingtotalkabout,everyoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.wasB.hadC.beingD.having3.Everything_intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirposition.A.totakenB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking2021/8/11 星期三235）独立成分作状语）独立成分作状语有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：入语。常见的有：generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking一般而言一般而言/坦率地说坦率地说/严格地说严格地说judgingfrom/by根据根据来判断来判断considering/takingintoconsideration考虑到考虑到；鉴于；鉴于supposing/providing/providedthat如果如果comparedwith/to与与相比相比例如例如Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.Consideringyourhealth,youdbetterhavearest.2021/8/11 星期三24非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤2021/8/11 星期三25（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词2021/8/11 星期三263.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号2021/8/11 星期三27 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。2021/8/11 星期三28 A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2021/8/11 星期三29（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1.“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 2._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.LosingJane the two students2021/8/11 星期三30（四）四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D2021/8/11 星期三31二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三.非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态2021/8/11 星期三322021/8/11 星期三332021/8/11 星期三34