高中英语：unit2 lesson1modern heroesgrammar课件（北师大必修1）.ppt

Lesson 1Grammar2021/8/11 星期三1(I)规则动词的过去式变化规则（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：worked played wanted acted（2）以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided hoped（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied just（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped dropped planned dotted drippedPast simple tense基本结构基本结构2021/8/11 星期三2规则动词词尾加尾加-ed有三种有三种读音：音：1.在清辅音后读作t。如：asked,helped,watched,stopped 2.在浊辅音和元音后读作d。如：enjoyed,studied,moved,called 3.在t/d后读作id。如：wanted,neededPast simple tense基本结构基本结构2021/8/11 星期三3(II)不规则动词的过去式 不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。1.以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput,letlet,cutcut,beatbeat2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt,lendlent,sendsent,spendspent3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant,burnburnt,learnlearntPast simple tense基本结构基本结构2021/8/11 星期三44.以ow/aw结尾的词，把ow/aw变成ew。如：blowblew,drawdrew,knowknew,growgrew5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept,sleepslept,feelfelt,smellsmelt6.含有元音字母o/i的词，将o/i变成a。如：singsang,givegave,sitsat,drinkdrank Past simple tense基本结构基本结构2021/8/11 星期三5(III)Be动词的过去式（1）am-was（2）are-were（3）is-wasPast simple tense基本结构基本结构2021/8/11 星期三6Past simple tense基本句式基本句式句式结构例句肯定句 主语+实义动词过去式+He smoked many cigarettes a day否定句 主语+didnt+原形实义动词+I didnt know you were so busy.一 般疑问句Did+主语+原形实义动词+?Did you have a party the other day？特 殊疑问句疑问词+did+主语+原形实义动词+?When did you have your lunch?2021/8/11 星期三7Past simple tense基本句式基本句式句式结构例句肯定句 主语+was/were+I was late yesterday.否定句 主语+wasnt/werent+We werent late yesterday.一 般疑问句Was/Were+主语+?Were you ill yesterday?特 殊疑问句疑问词+was/were+主语+?When were you born?2021/8/11 星期三81.表示表示过去某一去某一时刻或某一段刻或某一段时间内所内所发生生的的动作或情况，通常一般作或情况，通常一般过去式去式带有表示有表示动作作时间状状语的的词，词组或从句或从句,如如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,等。上下文清楚上下文清楚时可以不可以不带时间状状语。I worked in that factory last year.去年我在那去年我在那一家工厂工作。一家工厂工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.昨天我昨天我们去了天去了天龙山。山。Past simple tense基本用法基本用法2021/8/11 星期三92.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。Mrs.Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较 Mrs.Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）Past simple tense基本用法基本用法2021/8/11 星期三103 表示过去连续发生的一连串动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。Past simple tense基本用法基本用法2021/8/11 星期三114.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际内涵意思表明是过去发生的动作或存在的状态。（这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！）I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。Past simple tense基本用法基本用法2021/8/11 星期三125.在某些特殊句式或结构中，用一般过去时，并不都是表示“过去时”，它表示某种感情色彩。It is time you went to bed.(你早该睡觉了)I would rather you came tomorrow.(我宁愿你明天来。)Could you lend me your bike?(你能把自行车借我用一下吗？)Past simple tense基本用法基本用法2021/8/11 星期三13过 去 进 行 时 是 由“be动 词 的 过 去 式was/were现在分词”构成。Past continuous tense基本结构基本结构2021/8/11 星期三14基本句式基本句式句式结构例句肯定句 主语+was/were+现在分词I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day否定句 主语+wasnt/werent+现在分词I wasnt repairing the bike at that time.一 般疑问句Was/Were+主语+现在分词?Were you talking to the head teacher？特 殊疑问句疑问词+was/were+主语+现分词?Who were you writing to?Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三151.过去去进行行时表示表示过去某一去某一时间正在正在进行的行的动作，常和表作，常和表过去的去的时间状状语连用，如：用，如：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的昨天的这个个时候我正在做作候我正在做作业。They were expecting you yesterday.他他们昨天一直在等待。昨天一直在等待。基本用法基本用法Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三162.过去去进行行时可与可与soon,the next moment,in minutes,minutes later等等时间状状语连用，表示一个新的用，表示一个新的动作作刚刚开始。如：开始。如：Soon the whole town was talking about it.不久不久镇上的人就都上的人就都谈论起起这种事了。种事了。基本用法基本用法Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三173过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。如：I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。基本用法基本用法Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三181.过去一般时表示的是过去经常发生的动作或状态。而过去进行时表示的是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。因此，它们在使用的时间词语上有着比较明显的区别。那就是，一般过去时所指的过去时间却比较笼统，而过去进行时所指的过去时间则比较具体，并含有“当时正在做某事”的意思。She joined the League three years ago.Mary was cooking at this time yesterday.比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三192.过去一般时表示的某个动作已经完成，而过去进行时则不一定完成。一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，强调的是动作的发生、结束或完成。过去进行时表示某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作,强调的是动作的持续性。I first met Lisa three years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time.比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三203、过去进行时可用来描绘事情发生的背景。即：过去某时A动作正在进行，B动作在A动作进行的过程中发生了，A动作就是B动作发生的背景。如：It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A stranger came out from behind a street.比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三21下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：1.表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三222.与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always coming to school late.约翰上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people.雷锋总是为人民做好事。比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三233.用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank.He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三244.when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三255.go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later.她随后就来。比较比较Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三261.(07北京）It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh,dont mention it.I _ past your house anyway.A.was coming B.will come C.had come D.have come2.(06安徽)I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident Awent;was occurring Bwent;occurredCwas going;occurred Dwas going;had occurred练习练习Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三273.(06北京)Where did you put the car keys?Oh,I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A.remembered;come B.remembered;was comingC.remember;come D.remember;was coming4.(07四川)Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No,sir.I _ a newspaper.A.read B.was reading C.would read D.am reading练习练习Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三285.(08安徽)-Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes,I did.You know,my brother _ in the match.A.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played6.(08四川)The telephone _,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.A.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung练习练习Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三295.(08安徽)-Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes,I did.You know,my brother _ in the match.A.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played6.(08四川)The telephone _,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.A.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung练习练习Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三307.It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.A.were being designed B.have designedC.have been designed D.were designed8.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago.A.are going B.had been C.went D.have been练习练习Present simple tense&Past continuous tense2021/8/11 星期三31Thank you!Thank you!2021/8/11 星期三322021/8/11 星期三33