高考英语 归纳总结冠词的用法课件.ppt

冠词the article2021/8/11 星期三1I.I.冠词的定义冠词的定义冠词是一种虚词冠词是一种虚词,没有词义没有词义,没有数和格的变化没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意义它词类说明其意义.II.II.冠词的种类冠词的种类冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指定冠词特指一特定名词一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词不定冠词泛指一般普通名词.III.III.不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法不定冠词有不定冠词有a a和和anan两种形式两种形式.a.a用在以辅音开头的用在以辅音开头的名词前名词前,一般读作一般读作;an;an 用在以元音开头的名用在以元音开头的名词前词前,一般读作一般读作n.n.2021/8/11 星期三21.1.首次提到某人或某物首次提到某人或某物,常起介绍作用常起介绍作用.He is He is a a doctor.doctor.He is studying in He is studying in a a university.university.2.2.在单数普通名词前在单数普通名词前,指一类人或事物指一类人或事物,通常不必译通常不必译出出.AnAn ear is an organ for listening.ear is an organ for listening.A A fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning animals.=animals.=TheThe fox is a cunning animal.fox is a cunning animal.3.3.说明某一事物说明某一事物,相当于相当于the same,the same,表示表示”相同相同”的的意思意思.2021/8/11 星期三3They are nearly of They are nearly of anan age.age.The two shirts are ofThe two shirts are of a a size.size.Birds of Birds of a a feather flock together.feather flock together.4.4.在表示时间或度量单位的名词前在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,具有具有”每一每一”的意思的意思.The train is running at 60 km The train is running at 60 km anan hour.hour.He earns two thousand yuan He earns two thousand yuan a a month.month.5.5.其他用法其他用法1).1).物质名词或抽象名词前用物质名词或抽象名词前用a/ana/an表示具体意义表示具体意义 制成品或种类制成品或种类.2021/8/11 星期三4The little girl is eating The little girl is eating anan ice-cream at the table.ice-cream at the table.Its Its anan honor to me to be given such honor to me to be given such a a good chance to good chance to make a further study at university.make a further study at university.Honesty is Honesty is a a virtue.virtue.2)2)人名前用人名前用a/an a/an 表示说话人对此人不认识表示说话人对此人不认识,相当于相当于”a”a certain”.certain”.Our music teacher is Our music teacher is a a Miss White.Miss White.A A Mr Chen came to see you this morning.Mr Chen came to see you this morning.也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物.He wishes to become He wishes to become a a Newton.Newton.2021/8/11 星期三5He is He is a a Lei Feng in our class.Lei Feng in our class.3).3).专有名词中的地名前用专有名词中的地名前用a/an a/an 指某时期或某个样指某时期或某个样子的某地子的某地.She is now She is now a a different China from what she was different China from what she was twenty years ago.twenty years ago.4).a/an 4).a/an 用于某些固定词组中用于某些固定词组中once upon a time /an hour or twoonce upon a time /an hour or twohave a walk /many a timehave a walk /many a timeturn a deaf ear toturn a deaf ear to2021/8/11 星期三6IV.IV.定冠词的用法定冠词的用法1 1.使用定冠词的场合使用定冠词的场合1).1).在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物,the,the 不必不必译出译出.The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful animal.=Horses are useful animals.animal.=Horses are useful animals.2).2).在重新提及的人或事物的名词前在重新提及的人或事物的名词前He bought a book yesterday.The book is on the He bought a book yesterday.The book is on the desk.desk.I received a letter a few days ago.The letter was I received a letter a few days ago.The letter was from England.from England.2021/8/11 星期三73).3).在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前.Pass me the book,please.Pass me the book,please.Would you mind my opening the window?Would you mind my opening the window?4).4).在有限制性定语修饰的名词前在有限制性定语修饰的名词前This is the place where I once lived.This is the place where I once lived.The plane to Shanghai has taken off.The plane to Shanghai has taken off.5).5).在序数词前在序数词前The first boy is his younger brother.The first boy is his younger brother.I am the last to come.I am the last to come.2021/8/11 星期三86).6).在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前the world/the sun/the moon/the sky/the earththe world/the sun/the moon/the sky/the earth7).7).在方向名词前在方向名词前on the right/lefton the right/leftin the east/west/south/northin the east/west/south/north8).8).在形容词和副词的最高级前在形容词和副词的最高级前Winter is the coldest season of the year.Winter is the coldest season of the year.Who sings(the)best in your class?Who sings(the)best in your class?副词的最高级经常省略副词的最高级经常省略thethe2021/8/11 星期三99).9).在某些形容词在某些形容词(或分词或分词)前表示一类人或事物前表示一类人或事物The young/the grown-up/the blind/the The young/the grown-up/the blind/the wounded/the oppressedwounded/the oppressed10).10).在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人(夫妇二人夫妇二人).).The Greens are at table.The Greens are at table.The Chens will move to Naijing.The Chens will move to Naijing.11).11).在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代When he went to America in the seventies,he When he went to America in the seventies,he was already in his forties.was already in his forties.In the 1870s,Marx began to learn Russian.In the 1870s,Marx began to learn Russian.2021/8/11 星期三1012).12).在乐器在乐器(西洋乐器西洋乐器)的名称前的名称前The girl is playing the piano.The girl is playing the piano.He often plays the violin in the evening.He often plays the violin in the evening.13).13).在表示单位的名词前在表示单位的名词前I have hired the car by the hour.I have hired the car by the hour.Eggs are sold by the dozen.Eggs are sold by the dozen.14).14).在由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前在由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall/the United States/The Summer the Great Wall/the United States/The Summer PalacePalace15).15).在由在由”普通名词普通名词+专有名词专有名词”构成的专有名词前构成的专有名词前2021/8/11 星期三11the Peoples Republic of China/the New York the Peoples Republic of China/the New York Times/the Readers DigestTimes/the Readers Digest16).16).表示全体国民的专有名词前表示全体国民的专有名词前the Chinese/the Frenchthe Chinese/the French17).17).江河湖海江河湖海 运河运河 海湾海湾 海峡海峡 山脉山脉 群岛群岛 森林森林 平原平原 盆地盆地 沙漠等专有名词前沙漠等专有名词前the yellow river/the Pacific Ocean/the West the yellow river/the Pacific Ocean/the West Lake/the Suez Canal/the Gulf of Mexico/the Lake/the Suez Canal/the Gulf of Mexico/the English Channel/the Himalayas/the North English Channel/the Himalayas/the North China Plain/the Sahara DesertChina Plain/the Sahara Desert2021/8/11 星期三12注注:Mount Fuji /Lake Baikal:Mount Fuji /Lake Baikal 无冠词无冠词18)18)在发明物前在发明物前Who invented the telephone?Who invented the telephone?It was Edison that invented the lamp.It was Edison that invented the lamp.19)19)固定词组中固定词组中in the form of/in the end/in the form of/in the end/2021/8/11 星期三1320)20)用在职业的名词所有格之前用在职业的名词所有格之前,表示地点表示地点 at the doctors/tailors/butchersat the doctors/tailors/butchers at my uncles/Mr Greens at my uncles/Mr Greens21)21)用在单数时间名词、计量单位前用在单数时间名词、计量单位前,构成构成 by the+n.by the+n.表示表示“按按计算计算”He is paid by the hour/by the day.He is paid by the hour/by the day.Apples are sold by the kilo.Apples are sold by the kilo.22)22)用在表示身体部位的名词前：用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm.She caught me by the arm.He hit her _ the face/eye/stomach.He hit her _ the face/eye/stomach.She struck him _ the back/shoulder She struck him _ the back/shoulder23)23)用在中国传统节日前用在中国传统节日前 the Spring Festival the Mid-Autumn Day the Spring Festival the Mid-Autumn Day the Dragon Boat Festival the Dragon Boat Festival 2021/8/11 星期三142.2.不常用冠词的场合不常用冠词的场合1).1).表示人名表示人名 地名地名 国名国名 节日节日 月份月份 星期星期 季节等专有名词季节等专有名词前前Marx/Guangxi/Europe/China/National Day/March/Marx/Guangxi/Europe/China/National Day/March/Sunday/springSunday/spring2).2).复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指They are teachers,not students.They are teachers,not students.People in the south like rice.People in the south like rice.3).3).表示职位表示职位 身份身份 头衔的名词前头衔的名词前Aunt Mary/Professor Zhang/President LincolnAunt Mary/Professor Zhang/President Lincoln2021/8/11 星期三154.4.物质名词或抽象名词前物质名词或抽象名词前Failure is the mother of success.Failure is the mother of success.Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.5.5.表示学科表示学科 疾病疾病 球类球类 游戏游戏 颜色和感官名称的名颜色和感官名称的名词前词前Economics is different from politics.Economics is different from politics.Granny died of cancer two years ago.Granny died of cancer two years ago.He likes football.He likes football.Do you play chess(bridge,cards)?Do you play chess(bridge,cards)?Smell is one of the five senses.Smell is one of the five senses.2021/8/11 星期三16*有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠词有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠词a/ana/anHave a fever/cold/headacheHave a fever/cold/headache6.6.表示餐名的名词前表示餐名的名词前(breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner)(breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner)Dinner is ready./she is at lunch./What do we have for Dinner is ready./she is at lunch./What do we have for supper?supper?*如果具体指某顿饭时要用如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,the,表示类别时要用表示类别时要用a/ana/anThe breakfast I ordered still hasnt arrived.The breakfast I ordered still hasnt arrived.That was a very nice(good,hearty)supper.That was a very nice(good,hearty)supper.2021/8/11 星期三177.7.称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前Good morning,boys and girls.Good morning,boys and girls.Where is Dad,Mum?Where is Dad,Mum?Poor fellow!He broke his leg.Poor fellow!He broke his leg.8.8.与与byby连用的表示交通工具的名词前连用的表示交通工具的名词前By bike/bus/train/tube/coach/land/seaBy bike/bus/train/tube/coach/land/sea*如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语,不用不用bybyHe came here on his old bike.He came here on his old bike.2021/8/11 星期三189).9).名词前有名词所有格名词前有名词所有格 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词 指示指示代词代词 疑问词以及疑问词以及some,little,both,each,either,some,little,both,each,either,few,a few,a little,any,no,another,every,much,few,a few,a little,any,no,another,every,much,manymany等形容词作定语时等形容词作定语时Johns mother is a teacher.Johns mother is a teacher.Whose purse is this?Whose purse is this?These books/our research groupThese books/our research groupSome interesting stories.Some interesting stories.10).10).以以andand连接的两个相对的名词并用时连接的两个相对的名词并用时Day and night/pen and ink/husband and wifeDay and night/pen and ink/husband and wife2021/8/11 星期三19Father and son/sun and moon/master and Father and son/sun and moon/master and servantservant*用某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时用某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时Face to face/hand in hand/side by side/step Face to face/hand in hand/side by side/step by step/from top to bottom/from morning to by step/from top to bottom/from morning to night/from beginning to endnight/from beginning to end2021/8/11 星期三20V.V.冠词的辩析和差异冠词的辩析和差异1.1.用冠词与不用冠词的差异用冠词与不用冠词的差异1).at table1).at table at the table at the table2).in hospital 2).in hospital in the hospital in the hospital3).by sea3).by sea by the sea by the sea进餐进餐在桌子旁在桌子旁住院住院在医院里在医院里乘船乘船(由海路由海路)在海边在海边2021/8/11 星期三214).go to sea4).go to sea go to the sea go to the sea5).in future5).in future in the future in the future6).on earth6).on earth on the earth on the earth7).go to school(church)7).go to school(church)go to the school(church)go to the school(church)8).in front of8).in front of in the front of in the front of当水手当水手去海边去海边从今以后从今以后在将来在将来究竟究竟,到底到底在地球上在地球上上学上学(作礼拜作礼拜)去去学校学校(教堂教堂)在在前面前面外部的外部的内部的内部的2021/8/11 星期三229).on horse back9).on horse back on the horse back on the horse back10).two of us10).two of us the two of us the two of us11).out of question11).out of question out of the question out of the question2.2.用定冠词与不定冠词的差异用定冠词与不定冠词的差异1).as a whole=altogether 1).as a whole=altogether 全部的，整体全部的，整体 on the whole=in general on the whole=in general大体上，一般的大体上，一般的骑马骑马在马背上在马背上我们当中的两人我们当中的两人我们两人我们两人(共计两人共计两人)毫无疑问毫无疑问不可能不可能2021/8/11 星期三232).the most important meeting2).the most important meeting最重要的会议最重要的会议 a most important meeting a most important meeting一个重要的会议一个重要的会议3).the third time3).the third time第三次第三次 a third time a third time又一次又一次4).in the distance4).in the distance在远处在远处 at a distance at a distance在稍远处在稍远处3.3.两个或两个以上名词并列时用冠词的差异两个或两个以上名词并列时用冠词的差异a Chinese and English dictionarya Chinese and English dictionary a Chinese and an English dictionary a Chinese and an English dictionary2021/8/11 星期三242021/8/11 星期三25