高考英语一轮复习 语法专项（七）动词和动词词组课件.ppt

(七七)动词和动词词组动词和动词词组 一、动词的同义词辨析一、动词的同义词辨析1.常作为考点的同义词常作为考点的同义词 celebrate；congratulate interview；cover disturb；interrupt；bother appreciate；thank avoid；miss；escape believe；trust care；mind attend；join choose；select 2021/8/11 星期三1collect；gatherpuzzle；confuse consider；imagine；think；believecontain；include defeat；beat；windemand；require；request fetch；bring；take；carryprotect；prevent hurt；ache；wound；damage；injuresuggest；advise stop；pause；quitsupply；provide；offer spend；cost；take；paywear；dress；have；put on 2021/8/11 星期三2hope；wish；expect；look forward to；desirecontinue；last bear；standseparate；divide tell；say；speak；talkstrike；hit；beat fit；suit；match；adaptcheck；examine；test watch；see；notice；observeoperate；do；work raise；rise；arisereceive；accept recognize；know 2021/8/11 星期三3 seize；catch；grasp；snatch refuse；decline；reject；deny ride；drive；operate；run steal；rob order；book(预订预订)manage；try persuade；advise wear；dress prohibit；forbid2.动词同义词辨析题解题技巧动词同义词辨析题解题技巧 从四个方面考虑：从四个方面考虑：词义；词义；搭配搭配(与介词或名词搭配与介词或名词搭配)；用用 法；法；词性词性(及物动词还是不及物动词及物动词还是不及物动词)2021/8/11 星期三4【例【例1】God is believed,in terms of religion,to have _ the universe out of darkness and chaos.A.created B.invented C.discovered D.produced 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的确切词义。解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的确切词义。create“创造创造”，指制造出新事物，使某物存在；，指制造出新事物，使某物存在；invent“发明发明”，指科学技术上的发明，发明新的技术、工具、方案等；指科学技术上的发明，发明新的技术、工具、方案等；discover“发现发现”，指本来已经存在的东西，后来首次为人们所知，指本来已经存在的东西，后来首次为人们所知 晓；晓；produce“生产，制造生产，制造”，指通过机器或动植物生长而产生的，指通过机器或动植物生长而产生的 新事物。根据题意新事物。根据题意“根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创 造出了宇宙。造出了宇宙。”可知答案为可知答案为A。2021/8/11 星期三5【例【例2】He has been _ of murdering his wife.A.charged B.blamed C.accused D.arrested 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与介词的搭配。解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与介词的搭配。charge“控告，指控控告，指控”，常与介词，常与介词with搭配：搭配：charge sb.with sth.“因某事而控告某人因某事而控告某人”。blame“责备，责怪责备，责怪”，常与介词，常与介词for搭搭 配：配：blame sb.for sth.“因某事而责备某人因某事而责备某人”。accuse“指控，控指控，控 告告”，常与介词，常与介词of搭配：搭配：accuse sb.of sth.“因某事而控告某人因某事而控告某人”。arrest“逮捕逮捕”与介词与介词for搭配：搭配：arrest sb.for sth.“因某事而逮捕某因某事而逮捕某 人人”。据此可知本题答案为。据此可知本题答案为C，题意是，题意是“他被控谋杀了自己的妻他被控谋杀了自己的妻 子。子。”2021/8/11 星期三6【例【例3】He is the kind of person who stops at nothing in order to _ his own purpose.A.promote B.obtain C.reach D.achieve 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与名词的搭配。解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与名词的搭配。promote“推进，促进，提升推进，促进，提升”，表示使处于某一水平的人或物得，表示使处于某一水平的人或物得 到进一步发展，不能与名词到进一步发展，不能与名词purpose搭配使用。搭配使用。obtain“获得，得获得，得 到到”，多指获得信息、知识、忠告、许可等，不能与，多指获得信息、知识、忠告、许可等，不能与purpose搭配。搭配。reach“达到，达成达到，达成”，在此最具迷惑性，但，在此最具迷惑性，但reach多与多与conclusion,decision,agreement,destination等名词搭配，不能与等名词搭配，不能与purpose搭配。搭配。achieve“达到，实现达到，实现”，强调通过持续努力而达到预期目标，常，强调通过持续努力而达到预期目标，常 与与purpose,goal等名词连用。据此可知本题答案为等名词连用。据此可知本题答案为D，题意是，题意是“他他 是那种不达目的不罢休的人。是那种不达目的不罢休的人。”2021/8/11 星期三7【例【例4】Martin Luther King,the great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination,was _ the Nobel Prize for peace for his contribution to world peace.A.granted B.honoured C.awarded D.rewarded 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的用法。题意是解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的用法。题意是 “伟大的黑人领袖马丁伟大的黑人领袖马丁路德路德金由于在反对种族歧视运动中为世金由于在反对种族歧视运动中为世界界 和平做出了贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。和平做出了贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。”四个词都可作四个词都可作“授予授予”解，但解，但award后可跟双宾语，构成后可跟双宾语，构成award sb.sth.结构。而结构。而reward 不能接双宾语，多用于不能接双宾语，多用于reward sb.with sth.结构。结构。grant亦可接双亦可接双 宾语，但多指授予或给予某人以权力或许可。宾语，但多指授予或给予某人以权力或许可。honour不可接双宾不可接双宾 语，常用于语，常用于honour sb.with sth.结构。从题意和语法结构上来结构。从题意和语法结构上来 看，此题的答案只能是看，此题的答案只能是C。此题用了被动语态，实际上。此题用了被动语态，实际上Martin Luther King和和the Nobel Prize均是均是award的宾语。的宾语。2021/8/11 星期三8【例【例5】The rapid expansion of cities during the Industrial Revolution _ a housing crisis.A.avoided B.created C.arose D.occurred 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词性。解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词性。Avoid 和和create是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；arise和和occur是不及物动是不及物动 词，后不可接名词作宾语，如表达住房发生了危机，要说词，后不可接名词作宾语，如表达住房发生了危机，要说 housing crisis arose/occurred。据此排除。据此排除C、D两项。根据题意两项。根据题意 “工业革命期间，城市的迅速扩展造成了住房危机。工业革命期间，城市的迅速扩展造成了住房危机。”可知答案可知答案为为 B。2021/8/11 星期三9二、动词词组二、动词词组动词介词动词介词/副词副词短短语语例句例句answer for对对负责负责You will answer for what youve done.ask for请请求求The boy asked for more food.care for喜喜欢欢；照料；照料He doesnt care for playing e across偶然碰到偶然碰到I came across an old friend in the street.call up打打电话电话I shall call her up soon.call for叫叫(人人)He will call for you in the evening.call on号召号召The Party called on us to study hard.give up放弃放弃Never give up hope.get over克服，渡克服，渡过过Youll soon get over your shyness.get on进进展展He is getting on well with the work.get in收收进进The peasants got in the wheat in May.2021/8/11 星期三10go through通通过过；细细察察She went through the book before buying it.go over复复习习，看一遍，看一遍She went over the lessons for three times.go without放弃，没有也行放弃，没有也行He had to go without food.head for 朝朝去去The ship is heading for the nearest port.look up查寻查寻；向上看；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look through翻翻阅阅；浏览浏览The boy looked through the picture book.put up挂起挂起She put up a picture on the wall.put off推推迟迟The match is put off owing to the rain.run over辗过辗过去去The bus ran over his legs.result from由由引起引起His illness results from overeating.result in导导致致Overeating results in his illness.2021/8/11 星期三11set about着手干着手干They set about the work at once.set out出出发发They set out at dawn.see to保保证证See to it that the work is done well.send for派人派人请请We have sent for the doctor.stand for代表代表What does“U.S.”stand for？turn to翻到，翻到，转转向向Please turn to page 10.take off脱去脱去She asked him to take off the coat.turn out结结果是果是The day turned out fine.turn up出出现现He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.2021/8/11 星期三12过去分词介词过去分词介词(这类短语常同连系动词连用这类短语常同连系动词连用)短短语语例句例句be absorbed in全神全神贯贯注于注于He is absorbed in reading.be dressed in穿着穿着She is dressed in red.be engaged to与与订订婚婚Mary is engaged to John.be joined to连连接，接，结结合合One pipe is joined to another.be made up of由由构成构成A car is made up of many different parts.be prepared for准准备备好好They are prepared for the journey.be tired of(with)对对厌烦厌烦He is tired of this kind of life.2021/8/11 星期三13动词副词介词动词副词介词短短语语例句例句add up to总计为总计为The income adds up to 1,000 dollars.break away from改掉，与改掉，与脱离关系脱离关系He has broken away from the bad habit.catch up with赶上赶上I can catch up with them.get down to开始开始认认真做真做Lets get down to business.get on(along)with进进展，相展，相处处He got on well with people here.go in for参加，参加，爱爱好好He has gone in for the longjump.go ahead with进进行，行，继续继续下去下去He went ahead with the work and got it done.keep away from与与脱离关脱离关系，改掉系，改掉You should keep away from those bad children.2021/8/11 星期三14keep up with跟上跟上She cant keep up with others.live up to不辜不辜负负We shall live up to his teachings.look out for提防，照看提防，照看Look out for cars when crossing the street.look back upon回回顾顾He likes to look back upon his school days.look down upon轻视轻视，不重，不重视视Dont look down upon him.look forward to盼望盼望He looks forward to seeing her.put up with忍受，容忍忍受，容忍I just cant put up with that kind of man.run out of用完用完I have run out of ink.watch out for当心，提防当心，提防Watch out for thieves in the street.2021/8/11 星期三15动词介词名词动词介词名词短短语语例句例句come into use开始使用，开始使用，实实施施The new tool came into use two years e into power当当权权，执执政政The king came into power last e into effect开始生效开始生效The new rule will come into effect e into being产产生，建立生，建立The custom came into being long long ago.put sth.to use使用，利用使用，利用You should put the dictionary to a good use.2021/8/11 星期三16过关落实过关落实1.Does this meal cost 50?I _ something far better than this!A.preferred B.expected C.suggested D.supposed 解析：解析：expectexpect期望，预期。期望，预期。答案：答案：B2.Why dont you just _ your own business and leave me alone?A.make B.open C.consider D.mind 解析：解析：mind your own businessmind your own business别管闲事。别管闲事。答案：答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三173.Emergency line operators must always _ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.A.grow B.appear C.become D.stay 解析：解析：stay calmstay calm保持镇静。保持镇静。答案：答案：D4.In this seaside resort，you can _ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.A.enjoy B.apply C.receive D.achieve 解析：解析：enjoy sth.enjoy sth.享受享受(欢乐等欢乐等)。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三185.I have _ all my papers but I still cant find my notes.A.looked through B.looked for C.looked after D.looked out 解析：解析：look throughlook through浏览。浏览。答案：答案：A6.Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come?Sorry，I have no idea.A.lifting up B.going up C.bringing up D.growing up 解析：解析：go upgo up表示表示(价格等价格等)自然上升。自然上升。答案：答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三197.If we can _ our present difficulties，then everything should be all right.A.come across B.get over C.come over D.get off 解析：解析：get over difficultiesget over difficulties克服困难，同克服困难，同overcomeovercome。答案：答案：B8.The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday.A.turned out B.found out C.given out D.carried out 解析：解析：give out on the radiogive out on the radio在广播中宣布在广播中宣布(某事某事)，常指比较，常指比较 重要的事。重要的事。答案：答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三209.Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right?A.take off B.look after C.give up D.go over 解析：解析：go over sth.for sb.go over sth.for sb.为某人检查为某人检查(某物某物)。答案：答案：D10.“Goodbye，then，”she said，without even _ from her book.A.looking down B.looking up C.looking away D.looking on 解析：解析：look uplook up抬起头来向上看。抬起头来向上看。答案：答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三2111.Words _ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house.A.failed B.left C.discouraged D.disappointed 解析：解析：由由“当我想向他致谢救了我的儿子时，却一句话也说不当我想向他致谢救了我的儿子时，却一句话也说不出出 来来”可知，可知，fail fail vtvt.“.“使失败、丢弃使失败、丢弃”。答案：答案：A12.These teenagers dont know much of the world yet；thats why they are so easily _.A.taken in B.taken on C.taken up D.taken off 解析：解析：take intake in欺骗，句中用的是被动语态。欺骗，句中用的是被动语态。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三2213.His friends offered to _ the next time he was in town so that he wouldnt have to pay for a hotel.A.keep him up B.put him up C.back him up D.hold him up 解析：解析：put upput up即即provide food and lodging for sb.(provide food and lodging for sb.(为某人为某人)提供食宿。提供食宿。答案：答案：B14.The supermarket had to _ some staff because its sales went down.A.lay off B.lay down C.lay out D.lay aside 解析：解析：lay offlay off指暂时解雇，尤指工作少时。指暂时解雇，尤指工作少时。答案：答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三2315.Hello，will you please put me through with Room 302?Hold on please.Oh，the guest in Room 302 _ two hours ago.A.checked in B.checked out C.checked up D.checked away 解析：解析：check outcheck out结账离开；结账离开；check incheck in登记入住。登记入住。答案：答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三242021/8/11 星期三25