高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 新课标 人教.ppt

Can you guess the meanings of the following words?1.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to 2.do something,he wont give it up halfway.3.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever4.2.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.5.A.work B.study C.name D.interest6.3.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbors all call her an eccentric lady.7.A.爱猫的 B.古怪的 C.闲不住的 D.动物保护主义者 8.4.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.9.A.便士 B.温饱 C.赤贫 D.虚弱10.5.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.11.A.活泼的 B.好动的 C.多嘴多舌的 D.可爱的B.firmA.workB.古怪的C.赤贫C.多嘴多舌的2021/8/11 星期三12006年英语科考试大纲理解主旨要义；理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；作出简单判断和推理；理解文中的基本结构；理解文中的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。理解作者的意图和态度。要求考生读懂要求考生读懂(熟悉的有关日常生活话题的熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料简短文字材料,例如例如)公告、说明、广告以及公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：考生应能：根据上下文推断生词的词义；根据上下文推断生词的词义；2021/8/11 星期三2根据上下文根据上下文推测生词的词义推测生词的词义是高考阅读理是高考阅读理解部分主要考查的内容之一。正确理解、解部分主要考查的内容之一。正确理解、掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解文意的首要环节，但单词或短语的含义并文意的首要环节，但单词或短语的含义并不是固定的，同一单词（短语）往往会随不是固定的，同一单词（短语）往往会随语境的不同语境的不同而改变其意义。所以除了要有而改变其意义。所以除了要有扎实的语言基本功，较高的分析、综合能扎实的语言基本功，较高的分析、综合能力外，还必须具备科学的力外，还必须具备科学的解题方法和解题解题方法和解题技巧。技巧。2021/8/11 星期三3猜测词义题的猜测词义题的命题特点命题特点1.考查内容以名词、名词短语和动词、动词考查内容以名词、名词短语和动词、动词短语为主，兼顾代词的考查；题量由短语为主，兼顾代词的考查；题量由24道道题不等；既考查生词也考熟词新义。题不等；既考查生词也考熟词新义。2.所考查的单词或短语在文中用所考查的单词或短语在文中用下划线下划线标明，标明，或以或以斜体字斜体字的形式出现。的形式出现。3.有从猜词义过渡到猜句义的趋势。这在有从猜词义过渡到猜句义的趋势。这在2005、2006年新增加的单独命题省份的试卷年新增加的单独命题省份的试卷中表现得尤为突出。中表现得尤为突出。2021/8/11 星期三4词义猜测题常用提问方式有：The word refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by_.The word is most likely to mean_.What do you think the expression stands for?By saying we mean _.,as used in the passage,can be defined as _.2021/8/11 星期三5词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法定义法对比法对比法因果法因果法常识联想法常识联想法例举法例举法语境线索法语境线索法标点格式暗示法标点格式暗示法构词法构词法2021/8/11 星期三61.Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.2.It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.3.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.4.A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过来确定词义。有时通过or,that is,that is to say,namely,in other words等来释义。等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。2021/8/11 星期三71.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.2.Some actions are learned,but other actions are innate.3.Some readers try to understand the general idea while others look for specific details.4.Anthropologist thought the Indians culture would be very primitive;however,they found many modern elements in the Indians lives.对比法对比法：转折连词转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”、“in spite of ”、“on the contrary”、“on the other hand”、“however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而上的对比关系。而as、like、just as also等词则可以帮助构等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。2021/8/11 星期三81.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.3.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.因果关系是一种逻辑关系，不管生词因果关系是一种逻辑关系，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。2021/8/11 星期三9v.从因果关系上推测从因果关系上推测v(04广东广东C篇篇)When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.65.The underlined part ”the colours turned the customers off”(in para 3)means that the colours_.A.attracted the customers stronglyB.had weak effected on the customersC.tricked the customers into shoppingD.caused the customers to lose interest(D)2021/8/11 星期三101.Boys and girls may learn about such virtues as selflessness,courage,discipline and love of ones country.2.There are many sources of air pollution;exhaust fumes,for example.3.But for the captains courage,perseverance,and powerful will,people on board would have died.4.Each person has a cup and saucer,a spoon and a plate for bread-and-butter breakfast.例举法：通过一些例子说明生词的词义，通过一些例子说明生词的词义，用用such as,for example,like,for instance等来引出。等来引出。在特定的情况下，在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴的词语作者通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴的词语来表达其思想，来表达其思想，如果有一生词在一系列的同范畴的词语中，可如果有一生词在一系列的同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。2021/8/11 星期三1111.“My friend,II.”But something choked him,he could not finish the sentence.2.Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles northwest of Rio de Jaciro,designed by the great architect Lucio Costa.13.It was a blue Monday and he just didnt like going back to work.24.Last Monday was a white day when he joined the League.语境线索法：语境线索法：根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。2021/8/11 星期三12 猜测句子含义题涉及选材背景、句型结构、猜测句子含义题涉及选材背景、句型结构、文章主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨，文章主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨，整整合上下文信息合上下文信息是解这类题的关键。是解这类题的关键。首先，要确认所要求猜测句义的句子在文中首先，要确认所要求猜测句义的句子在文中的位置；的位置；其次，审读题干，确认猜测点。其次，审读题干，确认猜测点。第三，整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与语境第三，整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与语境之间的关系。之间的关系。第四，猜测句子的大致意思。第四，猜测句子的大致意思。最后，比较选择项，确定答案。最后，比较选择项，确定答案。猜测句子含义题的解题方法：猜测句子含义题的解题方法：2021/8/11 星期三13 一般来讲，代词的指代的内容多在这一般来讲，代词的指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否下前后的内容一致，然后再判定它是是否下前后的内容一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。否为正确答案。代词替代法：代词替代法：2021/8/11 星期三14(05 浙江D).Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping cars more intelligent(具备智能的).They will help shoppers find paper cups ore toilet soap,and keep a record of the bill.53.The underlined word“They“refers to _.A.supermarkets B.shop assistants C.shopping carts D.shop managersThere are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get-from,say,travel agents,shoe repairers,hairdressers and builders.These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.（05湖北C）64.The underlined wore“these”in Paragraph 2 refers to“_”.A.the services B.the workers C.the goods D.the rules2021/8/11 星期三15构词法：构词法：中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：super-inter-micro-re-sub-co-post-pre-trans-under-anti-mis-un/in/im/ir-dis-non-anti-sino-超超在之在之间间极微小的极微小的再，反复再，反复分支的，底下分支的，底下共同共同后后前前超越；转换超越；转换在之在之下；低于；下；低于；反；防反；防误；恶误；恶 不；非不；非不不不；非不；非反；防反；防中国中国-able-hood-ish-proof-scope-ship-some-wards-less能能的的状态；性质；时期状态；性质；时期如如的；有点儿的；有点儿的的防防的；的；不能穿透的不能穿透的景景身份；资格；权力；性质身份；资格；权力；性质易于易于的的向向不；无不；无2021/8/11 星期三16试试看，你能猜出下列词语的意思吗：试试看，你能猜出下列词语的意思吗：supernatural microbus speechless endlessknowledgeable intermarry subnormal refreshcoeducation prerecorded postgraduateunderestimate transplant boyhood childish waterproof microscope telescope childlike quarrelsome troublesome professorship subtitlebackwards sunwards misdirect unable Uncover unpack inconvenience disorder nonsense nonstop antiwar sinologist Sino-Japanese2021/8/11 星期三172021/8/11 星期三182021/8/11 星期三19