最新阅读理解解题技巧精品文稿.ppt

最新阅读理解解题技巧第1页，本讲稿共100页题型及解题技巧第2页，本讲稿共100页123456主旨大意主旨大意细节理解细节理解观点态度观点态度篇章结构篇章结构推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义阅读技巧阅读技巧第3页，本讲稿共100页要求考生能读懂书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文短要求考生能读懂书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文短要求考生能读懂书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文短要求考生能读懂书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文短以及公告、数明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：以及公告、数明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：以及公告、数明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：以及公告、数明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（一）掌握所读材料的（一）掌握所读材料的（一）掌握所读材料的（一）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意主旨和大意主旨和大意主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和，以及用以说明主旨和，以及用以说明主旨和，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节大意的事实和细节大意的事实和细节大意的事实和细节;（二）既要理解（二）既要理解（二）既要理解（二）既要理解具体的事实具体的事实具体的事实具体的事实，也要理解抽象的概念，也要理解抽象的概念，也要理解抽象的概念，也要理解抽象的概念;（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括作者的作者的作者的作者的态度、意图态度、意图态度、意图态度、意图等等等等;（四）既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻（四）既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻（四）既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻（四）既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行辑关系，并据此进行辑关系，并据此进行辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断推理和判断推理和判断推理和判断;（五）根据（五）根据（五）根据（五）根据上下文推断生词的词义上下文推断生词的词义上下文推断生词的词义上下文推断生词的词义。（六）理解文章的基本结构。（六）理解文章的基本结构。（六）理解文章的基本结构。（六）理解文章的基本结构。考纲的要求：考纲的要求：第4页，本讲稿共100页阅读的方法可以使用以下几种阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：1.1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答whowho、whatwhat、whenwhen、wherewhere之类的问题最为有之类的问题最为有效。效。2.2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答whywhy、howhow之之类的问题。类的问题。3.3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。第5页，本讲稿共100页 在使用阅读技巧时在使用阅读技巧时 尽量做到以下几点：尽量做到以下几点：1.1.带着问题阅读短文。带着问题阅读短文。2.2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。找出主题句、确定中心思想。3.3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。推断单词、句子和文章的含义。4.4.尽快选择答案。尽快选择答案。第6页，本讲稿共100页从试题所考查的角度和侧重点区分，阅读理解题从试题所考查的角度和侧重点区分，阅读理解题从试题所考查的角度和侧重点区分，阅读理解题从试题所考查的角度和侧重点区分，阅读理解题一般可概括为以下三种类型：一般可概括为以下三种类型：一般可概括为以下三种类型：一般可概括为以下三种类型：一直接信息题一直接信息题一直接信息题一直接信息题 二主旨归纳题二主旨归纳题二主旨归纳题二主旨归纳题 三推理判断题三推理判断题三推理判断题三推理判断题不同类型问题的解题方法与技巧不同类型问题的解题方法与技巧第7页，本讲稿共100页第8页，本讲稿共100页解题方法解题方法 细节类题型的共同特点是：就文中某一细节类题型的共同特点是：就文中某一个事实或细节提问。要求考生在文中找出相个事实或细节提问。要求考生在文中找出相关的事实或细节。此类题型的解题方法是：关的事实或细节。此类题型的解题方法是：抓住提问中的关键词，仔细阅读文章中的相抓住提问中的关键词，仔细阅读文章中的相关内容，一般可以在文章中直接找到或稍加关内容，一般可以在文章中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。归纳就可以找到正确答案。第9页，本讲稿共100页本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节某一特定细节或文章的或文章的主要事实主要事实的理解能的理解能力。问题包括询问人力。问题包括询问人(who)、物、物(what)、时间时间(when)、地点、地点(where)、原因、原因(cause)、结果结果(effect)、文中的数据、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。常见问题形式有：常见问题形式有：Which of the following is true/false except?Which of the following is mentioned except第10页，本讲稿共100页1.According to the passage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/How soon/how often,etc.?2.According to the passage,which of the following is true/not true?3.According to the passage,Which of the following Is not mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5.In the passage the write states that _.6.Choose the best order in which the people do_.第11页，本讲稿共100页2.定义；定义；3.比较；比较；.年代与数字年代与数字5.原因和结果原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。Sample IHoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B第12页，本讲稿共100页This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It ispossible to drive a car from one side of theriver to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona andNevada.第13页，本讲稿共100页2.定义；定义；3.比较；比较；.年代与数字年代与数字5.原因和结果原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。Hoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and BSample I第14页，本讲稿共100页Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.第15页，本讲稿共100页Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.第16页，本讲稿共100页Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.moved第17页，本讲稿共100页Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.taken第18页，本讲稿共100页According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions i5miFEni5miFEn散发散发 in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels第19页，本讲稿共100页 reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.connectto第20页，本讲稿共100页According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels第21页，本讲稿共100页Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real第22页，本讲稿共100页Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol,an international agreementcalling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions,which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement,the US haseffectively taken away the freedom of futuregenerations of Tuvaluan to live there,”Laupepa told the BBC.第23页，本讲稿共100页Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)?第24页，本讲稿共100页Jack Londons last days were _.A.usual ones B.not poor ones C.rich ones D.unhappy ones第25页，本讲稿共100页Jack London was a famous American writer.He burned himself out when he was 40.He thought of his mother,Flora,who had never been a very responsible person.He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her.At last he became too tired to care.He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have.He would not change his life,or his writing,perhaps he could not.第26页，本讲稿共100页Jack Londons last days were _.A.usual ones B.not poor ones C.rich ones D.unhappy ones第27页，本讲稿共100页You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,000第28页，本讲稿共100页Tuition Fees(学费学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department,generally from$5,000 to$6,000 a year.For further information:tui waikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat,which will cost about$100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.For further information:acc waikatoacnz第29页，本讲稿共100页$5000(学费学费)+$100(住宿费住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费生活费)x12=$8000You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,000第30页，本讲稿共100页Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a.Start the system.b.Make a shopping list.c.Find the things you want.d.Go to a self-checkout stand.A.abdc B.bacd C.acbd D.bcad第31页，本讲稿共100页People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store,a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系统系统)that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks,you type in the word or pick it from a list,and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.第32页，本讲稿共100页Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?a.Start the system.b.Make a shopping list.c.Find the things you want.d.Go to a self-checkout stand.A.abdc B.bacd C.acbd D.bcad第33页，本讲稿共100页第34页，本讲稿共100页 解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。猜测词义的具体方法是：法去猜测。猜测词义的具体方法是：1 1）从文章）从文章 段落段落 句子的结构去推测词义。句子的结构去推测词义。2 2）借助作者对词义的解释。）借助作者对词义的解释。3 3）从上下文的对比中猜到词义。）从上下文的对比中猜到词义。4 4）运用常识进行判断。）运用常识进行判断。5 5）根据生词所在句子的内容断定词义。）根据生词所在句子的内容断定词义。第35页，本讲稿共100页Question Form(1)The word“”in Line means/can be best replaced by(2)As used in the passage,the phrase “”suggests(3)From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “”is/refers to(4)The word“”is closest in meaning to 第36页，本讲稿共100页根据解释确定词义技巧技巧 11.Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.2.The other questioned the veracity-the truthfulness of these reports.第37页，本讲稿共100页3.He is a resolute man,once he sets up a goal,he will not give it up easily.4.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.第38页，本讲稿共100页根据对比确定词义根据对比确定词义技巧技巧 2In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.第39页，本讲稿共100页根据逻辑确定词义根据逻辑确定词义技巧技巧 3If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest,and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired,then you are indefatigable.不知疲倦的不知疲倦的第40页，本讲稿共100页根据上下文情景确定词义根据上下文情景确定词义技巧技巧 4The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out第41页，本讲稿共100页Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.第42页，本讲稿共100页根据上下文情景确定词义根据上下文情景确定词义技巧技巧 4The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving outTry to do the following exercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义第43页，本讲稿共100页1.The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates2.There is a stack of papers on Mr.Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile第44页，本讲稿共100页3.Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example,if it is cheap,it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it is4.Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house第45页，本讲稿共100页5.Before a baby learns to walk,it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees6.Mr.Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A.as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work第46页，本讲稿共100页7.This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A.beautiful B.not natural C.for a special holiday Din an art museum 8.whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A.small Bland Csea Dhuge第47页，本讲稿共100页9.The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world.The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C.a kind of rock Da kind of bird10.Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut第48页，本讲稿共100页11.Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortableA healthy child gets well quickly Aa kind of animal Ba kind of food Ca kind of childhood disease Da lack of pure water第49页，本讲稿共100页12.Ali showed the class a picture of him,his wife，and their babyPierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred yearsTheir ancestors came from France A.family members from a long time ago B.grandparents and their grandchildren C.parents,grandparents and great-grandparents Dfamily members all living at the same time第50页，本讲稿共100页第51页，本讲稿共100页1.不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。同义词解释的选项。2.不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项3.不选非事实选项不选非事实选项4.选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项第52页，本讲稿共100页常见问题形式:1.It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph,the author means _4.We can conclude that_.5.When the writer talks about.,what he really means is that_.6.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?第53页，本讲稿共100页1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her C.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with him2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her mother C.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much 第54页，本讲稿共100页When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day,I was very happy.She was at least fifteen years younger than I.One day she signed me to come near.When I walked over,she asked,”Are you single?“Why,yes.I answered,smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.she said,“Would you like to meet her?第55页，本讲稿共100页1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her C.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with him2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her mother C.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much 第56页，本讲稿共100页1.According to the messengers answer,the visitor can conclude that_A.The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B.the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C.its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D.the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.第57页，本讲稿共100页2.The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island.According to his answer,which conclusion of the following is wrong?A.He may live on the eastern side of the island.B.He may live on the western side of the island.C.He may be telling the tr