公开课完形填空解题技巧公开课优秀PPT.ppt

公开课完形填空解题技巧公开课第1页，本讲稿共26页一、中考英语完形填空的命题特点一、中考英语完形填空的命题特点中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生中考英语完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识英语基础知识和和综合运用语言的能力综合运用语言的能力，其中包括，其中包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。它不仅要求考生具有等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。舍及灵活处理问题的能力。完形填空的命题原则是完形填空的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化语境化”。实词中偏重于对。实词中偏重于对动词动词和和名词名词的考查，同时也兼的考查，同时也兼顾对顾对形容词、副词形容词、副词以及其它词类的考查。试题以以及其它词类的考查。试题以情境情境意义选择为主意义选择为主，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。，纯语法性选择近年已趋近于零。第2页，本讲稿共26页 广东高考完形填空题究竟考什么广东高考完形填空题究竟考什么？怎么考？请看以下研究结果。？怎么考？请看以下研究结果。命题揭密命题揭密完型填空的特点：完型填空的特点：(1)(1)首句不设空：首句不设空：因为首句是文章的窗口，不设空有助于考因为首句是文章的窗口，不设空有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意，生了解或推测全文的大意，(2)(2)选项特点：选项特点：同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。同一语法形式。(3)(3)设空方式：设空方式：命题者主要从以下三种层面上设题。命题者主要从以下三种层面上设题。句子层面：句子层面：在理解本句的基础上重要信息点可能在空格在理解本句的基础上重要信息点可能在空格前，也可能在空格后。前，也可能在空格后。句组层面：句组层面：考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或后一考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或后一句之后才可选出正确答案。句之后才可选出正确答案。语篇层面：语篇层面：必须理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇章，必须理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。才可选出正确答案。轻语法，重逻辑轻语法，重逻辑第3页，本讲稿共26页How to get high scores？1.正确的答题步骤正确的答题步骤 2.必要的答题技巧必要的答题技巧 3.适量的实践训练适量的实践训练第4页，本讲稿共26页1.1.注重首句，浏览全文注重首句，浏览全文,掌握大意。掌握大意。a.a.应用阅读技能应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读进行缺词阅读.b.b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.2.2.注重语境，瞻前顾后注重语境，瞻前顾后,试填答案。试填答案。a.a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易基本句型等较容易的空格的空格.b.b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争力争突破难点突破难点.3.3.通读全文通读全文,检查核对检查核对.确保最佳。确保最佳。解题步骤与策略解题步骤与策略第5页，本讲稿共26页hospital nightno/littleWarming-up:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致1.Mr Black is a doctor,he works in the _.2.A nurse not only works in the day,but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy,so he has _ time to have lunch at home.第6页，本讲稿共26页4.We have an English test this term,its very easy,most students can _this test.5.The whole class went to the zoo yesterday,they were very tired _happy.pass butWarming-up:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致第7页，本讲稿共26页有没有什么技巧呢有没有什么技巧呢?第8页，本讲稿共26页 In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _1_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.1.A.piano B.guitar C.violin D.saxviolinviolin第9页，本讲稿共26页Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）（大臣）.Suddenly,he came up with an idea.He asked,“How many baskets of 2 are there in the pool?”.as big as the pool,there is one basket of water2.A.fish B.flowers C.water D.applesbasket of waterwaterbaskets of第10页，本讲稿共26页 When we talked,I discovered（发现）（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _3_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.3.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier D.laterfiftyforty-five第11页，本讲稿共26页Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 4 ，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）（聋的）4.A.ears B.eyes C.body D.headsounddeaf第12页，本讲稿共26页 When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener pays attention 5 what he or she is speaking5.A.for B.of C.with D.topays attentiontoSkill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）pay attention to 注意注意第13页，本讲稿共26页Skill 4：words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）6.But by using literary texts(文学文本文学文本)alongside other texts,teachers can 6 students improve their reading skills.6.A.want B.help C.get D.ask第14页，本讲稿共26页Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识（背景知识:包括生活及文化方面的）包括生活及文化方面的）But we run so fast that,afterwards,we had trouble 7.7.A.speaking B.moving C.sleeping D.breathingrun so fast第15页，本讲稿共26页1 1、context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）3、regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）2、logic（逻辑）（逻辑）Skills of Cloze Tests(完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧)4、words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）5、background knowledge（背景知识）（背景知识）第16页，本讲稿共26页1.1.Martin Luther King was an important Martin Luther King was an important 1 1 of black people of black people in American.He believed that black people and white in American.He believed that black people and white people should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr Kingpeople should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr King led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans went led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans went there to take part in the there to take part in the 2 2 .They wanted the .They wanted the government to government to 3 3 the laws that were unfair to black the laws that were unfair to black people.Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people.Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not force.When he was killed in people through peace and not force.When he was killed in 1968,the United States 1968,the United States 4 4 a great leader.a great leader.1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died leaderleadermarchmarchthat were unfair tothat were unfair towas killedwas killed第17页，本讲稿共26页 Tess was eight years old when her parents talking about her little brother,Andrew.All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money.Only a very costly 1 could save him now and no one wanted to 2 them the money.She heard Daddy say to her Mother 3 ,“Only a miracle(奇迹)can save him now.”Tess got all the change she had and 4 her way to the drug store.1.A.surgeon B.companion C.protection D.operation2.2.A.borrow B.lend C.make D.leave3.A.happily B.proudly C.angrilyD.sadly4.A.made B.took C.sailed D.passedmake ones way to朝朝走去走去 第18页，本讲稿共26页5.A.doubtful B.bad C.puzzling D.unlucky6.A.buy B.purchase C.sell D.share7.A.looked B.ran C.came D.rolled “What do you want?”the clerk asked.“A miracle.”Tess answered.“My little brother has something 5 growing inside his head and my dad says only a miracle can save him now.”“We dont 6 miracles here,little girl.”The clerk said.The clerks brother was a well-dressed man.He 7 over and asked the little girl,“What kind of miracle does your brother need?”come over走近，走过来走近，走过来 look over仔细检查仔细检查 run over撞倒撞倒，跑过去，跑过去 roll over翻滚；翻身翻滚；翻身 第19页，本讲稿共26页8.A.replied B.allowed C.accepted D.expected9.A.tired B.deaf C.nervous D.sick10.A.wait B.beg C.pay D.apply11.A.high B.low C.loud D.excited “I dont know,”Tess 8 with tears in her eyes.“I just know hes really 9 ,but my dad cant 10 for a miracle,so I want to use my one dollar and eleven cents”.Tess answered in a 11 voice.第20页，本讲稿共26页12.A.exact B.same C.proper D.reasonable13.A.spending B.waste C.charge D.tip14.A.achievement B.success C.medicine D.miracle15.A.devotion B.faith C.trust D.patience “A dollar and eleven cents-the 12 price of a miracle for a little brother.”smiled the man.That well-dressed man was Dr.Carlton Armstrong,a surgeon.The operation was completed without 13 and it wasnt long before Andrew was home again and doing well.That surgery is a real 14 .It costs one dollar and eleven cents,plus(加上）the 15 of a little child.第21页，本讲稿共26页Summary（总结）2 _the answers according to the passage is a good way to do a cloze.Guessing1 You should_the passage,then you may find the answer is just in the passage.read through3:Chose the best answers.第22页，本讲稿共26页具体解题步骤具体解题步骤1 1、抓抓住住首首尾尾，了解短文了解短文2 2、通通读读全全文文，把握脉络把握脉络3 3、瞻瞻前前顾顾后后，上下求索上下求索4 4、再再读读文文章章，核查答案核查答案勾勾划划、研研读读首首句句尾尾句句以以及及有有中中文文注注释释的的单单词词,打开答题窗口打开答题窗口,了解全文。了解全文。跳跳过过空空格格，速速读读全全文文，把把握握大大意意。注注意意文文中中的的语篇标志，和句中的连词语篇标志，和句中的连词,捕捉关键词汇。捕捉关键词汇。前前后后联联系系，先先易易后后难难。运运用用解解题题策策略略从从句句子子、段段落落、语语篇篇层层面面解解题题，划划出出语语篇篇标标志志，找找准准关关键键词、定位词词、定位词。代代入入答答案案，再再读读全全文文，反反复复检检查查 争争取取做做到到：结结构正确构正确+语义通顺语义通顺+逻辑合理逻辑合理。少于少于1分钟分钟约约5分钟分钟约约2分钟分钟约约2分钟分钟第23页，本讲稿共26页特别提示：特别提示：第24页，本讲稿共26页三、解题误区三、解题误区1、单纯求快单纯求快忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。正确的做法是在整体理解语篇的基础上结合语境选正确的做法是在整体理解语篇的基础上结合语境选择。择。2 2、时间安排不当时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，合理分配时间。正确的做法是由易到难，合理分配时间。第25页，本讲稿共26页 按照解题步骤，利用解题技巧组按照解题步骤，利用解题技巧组20142014中中考模拟题，保留解题的痕迹。考模拟题，保留解题的痕迹。首、尾句及文章中心句：首、尾句及文章中心句：关键词，提示词：关键词，提示词：完形填空推荐圈点勾画符号：完形填空推荐圈点勾画符号：第26页，本讲稿共26页