讲义一 五个基本句型.doc

讲义一：简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下 S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 （S主语V谓语P表语O宾语O1间接宾语O2直接宾语C宾语补足语） 基本句型一 S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词这些动词常见的有appear apologizearrive come die disappear exist fall happen rise等等。1. 学生们学习很努力。_ 2. 她再次向我道歉。 _ 3. 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _ 补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。 常见的能带同源宾语的动词有lead live die sleep dream breathe smile laugh fight run sing等。如4. Under the leadership of the Party the peasants lead a happy life.5. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 6. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 7. He died a glorious death. 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类 A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有be look seem appear smell taste sound keep remain 等等。如 8. We should _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。9. 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_. B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有become get grow turn go come prove等等。如 10. Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了天气变得越来越暖和。 11. Dont have the food. _. 不要吃那种食物它已经变质了。 12. The fact _. 这个事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如 13. 我昨天看了一部电影。_. 14. You place me in a difficult situation._。 15. They finally managed to get along with us. _。 16. They have _ _ _ of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。 17 I dont like being treated like this. _。 基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构O1间接宾语O2直接宾语 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”直接宾语常常指“物”。如 18 Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 19. The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. _。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型 A. 动词 直接宾语 for sb. B. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。 20. Please show me your picture. Please _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 21. Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. Ill offer _ as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心我会给你提供机会的。 基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语” 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如 22.Keep _ please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 23.他把墙漆成白色。 _. 24. 我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_. 注意动词have make let see hear notice feel observe watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时不带to。如 25. The boss made him do the work all day. _。 注意事项句型一 主语系动词表语 1. 系动词的三种分类在初中阶段我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be remain stay keep prove等表示“变化”类的有grow turn get become fall go come等表示“感官”类的有look sound smell taste feel seem appear等。如 I am a senior school student while he is a junior one. 我是高中生他是初中生。 After four years Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor. 四年后汤姆成了一名医生。 The story sounds interesting and instructive. 这故事听起来既有趣又有教育意义。 2. 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词短语、介词短语、表语从句、分词短语等。如 In order to keep healthy he takes exercise everyday. In my mind mother is my hero. Look Your pet dog is there. The schoolbags come in different sizes. You are not what you were. Many passengers got injured in the accident. The machine keeps running for a long time. 3. 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时（除了feel以外）；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词，如keep grow taste feel get smell等；第四，非谓语一般用现在分词如After two-days treatment he felt well again. 不用was felt. He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. 不用 is remained 比较以下句子The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson. We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now. Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth. 练习 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空注意动词的适当形式。 1. I _（remain / keep / stay a nurse） while he has _（turn / become） engineer. 2. Put the meat in the refrigerator. It _ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily. 3. What he said _(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable. 4. He feels _(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office. 5. We do morning exercises to _(keep / turn / become) healthy.6. The apple _(tastes / is tasted) sweet. 7. Please keep _(安静) The baby has fallen _(睡着). 8. They work day and night to make their dream come _(实现).句型二 主语不及物动词 1. 不及物动词不能直接加宾语。 如agree lie work argue belong come go reply等。2. 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。 如agree with lie in work at belong to come across go to等。3. 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。 如begin sell write wash answer read等。 例如 The meeting begins at half past nine. The professor began his speech directly. The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them. 练习 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性是及物动词还是不及物动词。 1. Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you.2. Besides Japanese he can also speak Spanish.3. His father used to work hard to make much money.4. I intended to lie to him but failed. 5. Unfortunately I failed the driving test. 2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。 1. I dont agree _ you completely. I have my own opinion. 2. The dictionary is not Toms. It belongs _ me. 3. Use your head and you will think _ some ways to solve the problem. 4. To improve my English I work hard _ it. 5 Look _ the cloudy sky It is going to rain. 句型三 主语及物动词宾语 练习 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。 如Doing morning exercises benefits our health. 1. I wrote a passage last night.2. I doubt whether he will join us in the debate. 3. We missed going to college for that reason. 4. What he said touched me greatly. 句型四 主语及物动词双宾语间接宾语直接宾语 1. 双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说宾语指人为间接宾语宾语指物为直接宾语。例如My father bought me a car.me为间接宾语a car 为直接宾语 The singer sang us another song.us为间接宾语another song 为直接宾语 2. 如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词to for等。 The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us. The singer sang another song for us. 练习 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。 1. Mother bought a birthday cake _me. 2. Give another apple_her. She likes it. 3. The company will provide some drinks _ the volunteers. 句型五.OC（宾补）形式多样1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work.常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + InfinitiveHe show me how to do it.常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great.常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.