科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧精.ppt

科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧第1页，本讲稿共17页词义的选择n n英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。n n一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意思。意思。n n一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。同的词义。第2页，本讲稿共17页n n根据词类选择词义根据词类选择词义根据词类选择词义根据词类选择词义n nAn electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which roundsrounds about the nucleus of an atom.about the nucleus of an atom.n n电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）n nThe earth goes The earth goes roundround the sun.the sun.n n地球环绕太阳运行。（介词）地球环绕太阳运行。（介词）n nRoundRound surface reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device.surface reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device.n n弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词）弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词）n nThe tree measures forty inches The tree measures forty inches roundround.n n这棵树树围这棵树树围4040英寸。（副词）英寸。（副词）n nThis is the whole This is the whole roundround of knowledge.of knowledge.n n这就是全部的知识范围。（名词）这就是全部的知识范围。（名词）第3页，本讲稿共17页n nLikeLike charges repel,unlike charges attract.charges repel,unlike charges attract.n n同性同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。（形容词）电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。（形容词）n nIn the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining shining likelike gold.gold.n n在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象象金子一般在闪闪发亮。（介词）金子一般在闪闪发亮。（介词）n nIt is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the It is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the likelike.n n正是原子构成了铁、水、氧正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等类物质等类物质。（名词）。（名词）n nHeHe likes likes making experiments in chemistry.making experiments in chemistry.n n他他喜欢喜欢做化学实验。（动词）做化学实验。（动词）n nWaves in water move Waves in water move likelike the waveform moves along a rope.the waveform moves along a rope.n n波在水中移动就波在水中移动就象象波形沿着绳子移动一样。（连词）波形沿着绳子移动一样。（连词）第4页，本讲稿共17页n nPlastics was at firstPlastics was at first based based on coal and wood.on coal and wood.n n最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。（动词）最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。（动词）n nAs we all know,a As we all know,a basebase reacts with an acid to form a salt.reacts with an acid to form a salt.n n众所周知，碱与酸起反应变成盐。（名词）众所周知，碱与酸起反应变成盐。（名词）n nIron and brass are Iron and brass are basebase metals.metals.n n铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。（形容词）铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。（形容词）n nWe have now accumulated a considerable We have now accumulated a considerable bodybody of knowledge about electronics.of knowledge about electronics.n n目前，我们在电子学方面已经积累了目前，我们在电子学方面已经积累了大量大量知识。（名词）知识。（名词）n nThey are in desperate need of this kind of They are in desperate need of this kind of bodiedbodied oil.oil.n n 他们非常需要这种他们非常需要这种聚合聚合油。（过去分词）油。（过去分词）n nImagination Imagination bodiesbodies forth the forms of things unknown.forth the forms of things unknown.n n想象力能使未知事物的形象想象力能使未知事物的形象呈现呈现出来。（动词）出来。（动词）第5页，本讲稿共17页n n根据上下文选择词义根据上下文选择词义根据上下文选择词义根据上下文选择词义n nOur Our workwork today is to work out the design.today is to work out the design.我们今天的我们今天的工作工作是把设计做出来。是把设计做出来。n nTo move something is to do To move something is to do workwork.移动物体就是作移动物体就是作功功。n nWe like his We like his worksworks very much.very much.我们非常喜欢他的我们非常喜欢他的著作著作。n nThe building of these giant iron and steel The building of these giant iron and steel worksworks will greatly accelerate the will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country.development of the iron and steel industry of our country.这些大型钢铁这些大型钢铁厂厂的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。n nThe The works works of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.这些钟表里的这些钟表里的机件机件全部都是国产的。全部都是国产的。第6页，本讲稿共17页n nWe should point outWe should point out，howeverhowever，that a11 electrical systems are not that a11 electrical systems are not conservativeconservative 然而，应该指出并非所有电的系统都是然而，应该指出并非所有电的系统都是守恒系统守恒系统。n nI f you push hard against something and move itI f you push hard against something and move it，you have you have done done workwork 如果用力推一件东西而移动了，就作了如果用力推一件东西而移动了，就作了功功。n nBefore it begins to Before it begins to workwork，the yeast is subject to disruption the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperaturecaused by fluctuations in temperature 酵母在酵母在发酵发酵之前，易受温度变化的影响而产生分解。之前，易受温度变化的影响而产生分解。n n The volume varies The volume varies asas the temperature increasesthe temperature increases 体积体积随随着温度增加而变化。着温度增加而变化。第7页，本讲稿共17页n nAs As cotton is liable to absorb moisturecotton is liable to absorb moisture，the the insulation will be adversely affectedinsulation will be adversely affected 因为因为棉花容易吸收水分，其绝缘性能会受到不利影棉花容易吸收水分，其绝缘性能会受到不利影响。响。n nSmall Small asas atoms are atoms are，electrons are still smallerelectrons are still smaller 原子原子虽然虽然小，但电子更小。小，但电子更小。n nElectrons move round the nucleus just Electrons move round the nucleus just as as planets planets move round the sunmove round the sun 电子绕原子核转动，电子绕原子核转动，就像就像行星绕太阳运行一样。行星绕太阳运行一样。第8页，本讲稿共17页n n根据学科专业选择词义根据学科专业选择词义根据学科专业选择词义根据学科专业选择词义The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving powerpower compared with the optical pared with the optical microscope.与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨率率n nPowerPower can be transmitted over a long distance.can be transmitted over a long distance.电力电力可以输送到很远的地方。可以输送到很远的地方。n nThe fourth The fourth powerpower of three is eighty-one.of three is eighty-one.n n3 3的的4 4次方次方是是8181。n nThe combining The combining powerpower of one element in the compound must of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element.equal the combining power of the other element.n n化合物中一种元素的化合化合物中一种元素的化合价价必须等于另一元素的化合价。必须等于另一元素的化合价。第9页，本讲稿共17页n nExplosive technological development after 1940 gave the Explosive technological development after 1940 gave the medical profession enormous medical profession enormous powerpower to fight disease and sickness.to fight disease and sickness.n n19401940年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能能力力。n nSemiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating require no heating powerpower or warmed up time.or warmed up time.n n半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率功率和加热时间。和加热时间。n nA car needs a lot of A car needs a lot of powerpower to go fast.to go fast.n n汽车高速行驶需要很大汽车高速行驶需要很大动力动力。n nStreams and waterfall are suitable for the development of hydroelectric Streams and waterfall are suitable for the development of hydroelectric powerpower.n n溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电能源能源。第10页，本讲稿共17页n nWhat is meant by What is meant by“powerpower”?By?By“power power”we mean the rate of doing we mean the rate of doing workwork 功率功率是什么是什么?所谓所谓功率功率，我们指的是做功的速率。，我们指的是做功的速率。(机械学机械学)n nSpecial equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptionspower interruptions that last less than two hours that last less than two hours 在在停电停电两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。(电学电学)n nThe third The third power power of 3 is 27of 3 is 27。3 3的三次方的三次方(幂幂)是是2727。(数学数学)n nThis is a 2 0 This is a 2 0 powerpower binocular microscope binocular microscope 这是一架这是一架2020倍倍双目显微镜。双目显微镜。(光学光学)n nAluminum has a combining Aluminum has a combining powerpower of three of three 铝的铝的化合价化合价是三。是三。(化学化学)n nIt is beyond the It is beyond the power power of medicine to cure himof medicine to cure him 他的病非他的病非药力药力所能治愈。所能治愈。(医学医学)第11页，本讲稿共17页n nThe nucleus is the information center of the The nucleus is the information center of the cellcell.n n细胞核是细胞核是细胞细胞的信息中枢。的信息中枢。n nHe was imprisoned in a He was imprisoned in a cellcell.n n他被关在监狱的他被关在监狱的单人小牢房单人小牢房中。中。n nIn the center of the spacious workshop stood a In the center of the spacious workshop stood a cellcell with packets of block with packets of block anodes.anodes.n n在宽敞的车间中央有一个装有一组组阳极板的在宽敞的车间中央有一个装有一组组阳极板的电解槽电解槽。n nWhen the ends of a copper wire are joined to a device called an electric When the ends of a copper wire are joined to a device called an electric cell cell a steady stream of electricity flows through the wire.a steady stream of electricity flows through the wire.n n当把一根铜丝的两端连接到一种叫做当把一根铜丝的两端连接到一种叫做电池电池的电器上时，就会有稳定的电流的电器上时，就会有稳定的电流流过该铜丝。流过该铜丝。第12页，本讲稿共17页n nThe lathe should be set on a firm The lathe should be set on a firm basebasen n 车床应安装在坚实的车床应安装在坚实的底座底座上。上。(机械机械)n n As we all know As we all know，a a basebase reacts with an acid to form a salt reacts with an acid to form a saltn n 众所周知，众所周知，碱碱与酸反应生成盐。与酸反应生成盐。(化学化学)n n A transistor has three electrodes A transistor has three electrodes，the emitterthe emitter，thethe base base and the and the collectorcollectorn n 晶体管有三个电极，即发射极，晶体管有三个电极，即发射极，基极基极和集电极。和集电极。(电子电子)n n Line AB is the Line AB is the base base of the triangle ABCof the triangle ABCn n ABAB线是三角形线是三角形ABCABC的的底边底边。(几何几何)n n A A basebase of logarithms must be a positive number of logarithms must be a positive number，not equal to Onenot equal to Onen n 对数的对数的底数底数必须是一个不为必须是一个不为1 1的正数。的正数。(数学数学)n n He is on the second He is on the second basebasen n 他在二他在二垒垒。(体育体育)第13页，本讲稿共17页n n试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义：试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义：n nAluminum is Aluminum is lightlight and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry.industry.n nLikeLike charges repel,while unlike charges attract.charges repel,while unlike charges attract.n nIt is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the It is the atoms that make up iron,water,oxygen and the likelike.n nA magnetic field is build up A magnetic field is build up roundround the coil.the coil.n nSmall Small asas atoms are,electrons are still smaller.atoms are,electrons are still smaller.第14页，本讲稿共17页n nKey:Key:n n铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。n n同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。n n正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。n n线圈周围形成了一个磁场。线圈周围形成了一个磁场。n n原子虽小，但电子却更小。原子虽小，但电子却更小。第15页，本讲稿共17页n n试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义：试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义：n nWhen sunlight When sunlight fallsfalls on the leaves of plants,it is transformed into chemical on the leaves of plants,it is transformed into chemical energy.energy.n nThere is no There is no physicalphysical contact between workpiece and tool.contact between workpiece and tool.n nThe amount of work is equal to the product of the force The amount of work is equal to the product of the force byby the the distance.distance.n nThe thicker the wire,the more The thicker the wire,the more freelyfreely it will carry current,and the less it will carry current,and the less its resistance.its resistance.n nWhen the When the pressurepressure gets low,the boiling point becomes low.gets low,the boiling point becomes low.第16页，本讲稿共17页n nKey:Key:n n当阳光照在植物的叶子上时，就变成化学能。当阳光照在植物的叶子上时，就变成化学能。n n工件和刀具不直接接触。工件和刀具不直接接触。n n功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。n n导线越粗，就越容易导电，电阻也就越小。导线越粗，就越容易导电，电阻也就越小。n n气压低，沸点就低。气压低，沸点就低。第17页，本讲稿共17页