解读排水管道工程施工质量管理重点及措施中英文.doc

解读排水管道工程施工质量管理重点及措施中英文Interpretation of drainage pipeline construction quality management focus and measures从施工准备阶段、管道施工阶段、管线安装、检查井施工以及土方回填和闭水试验等方面论述了市政给排水管道工程施工质量管理重点及措施。From the aspects of the construction preparation stage, construction stage, pipeline installation, pipeline inspection well construction and earthwork backfilling and closed water test of municipal water supply and drainage engineering construction quality management focus and measures. 一、 施工准备阶段质量控制Quality control, construction preparation stage（一）公共设施保护? 管道沟槽施工应根据土质情况采用支撑以免造成滑坡、塌方，若施工遇到建构筑物基础或电杆、灯杆等应制定防止下沉或变形措施后方可施工，一般应采用钢板桩加固方法；施工地区地下水量丰富则在管道施工过程中往往需要排水，应制定合理措施以保证地面不发生过大沉降而影响周围建构筑物使用安全；在埋有高压线地区内开挖时要求挖掘机不能在其正上方开挖，必要时采用人工开挖；开挖过程中遇到地下管线和各种构筑物应尽量迁移，若不能迁移应人工开挖使其外露之后采取吊托等加固措施。( a ) public facilities protection? Pipeline trench construction should be based on soil conditions with support so as to avoid landslide, collapse, if in the construction of building foundation or pole, a lamp post should be developed to prevent sinking or deformation measures before the construction, should generally be used for steel sheet pile reinforcement method; construction area, the underground water is abundant in the pipeline construction process often need to drain, should make reasonable measures to ensure that the ground is not too large settlement of surrounding buildings safe use; buried in a high-voltage wire area excavation excavator is not in its just above the excavation, when necessary, using artificial excavation; excavation encountered in the process of underground pipelines and structures should as far as possible migration, if you cannot transfer should be excavated after the exposure to take reinforcement measures such as hanging bracket. （二）道路拆除与恢复? 市政给排水管道施工必然涉及到一定路面的拆除与恢复工作，为了能够保证施工安全及路基质量，在道路开挖前应根据施工图纸计算开口宽度，用白漆标出开挖线之后用切割机将路面切断，用挖掘机对破碎的混凝土路面及碎石等垫层进行开挖并合理堆放以备后用，管路施工完成后的沟槽回填工作直接影响路面的质量及使用功能，尤其是在高原地区更应注重沟槽回填质量，一般对回填土或砂采用夯实或灌水密实，之后采用压路机分层碾压，回填应分层回填及夯实，并应控制每层回填厚度不超过25cm，夯实后采用核子密度仪测量密实度，待其压实率达到95%以上后方可进行下道工序施工。( two ) the road for removal and recovery of municipal water supply and drainage pipeline construction? Must involve the removal and recovery of pavement structure, in order to ensure the quality of construction safety and roadbed, in the road before excavation should be based on the construction drawings calculated opening width, with white paint mark the excavation line with cutting machine will cut off the pavement, concrete pavement and gravel such cushion broken excavation excavator and arrange for later use, the pipeline after the completion of construction of backfilling work directly affects the pavement quality and using function, especially in the plateau region should pay more attention to the trench backfill quality, generally for the backfill soil or sand used to compact or dense after irrigation, the roller stratification rolling, backfill should be stratified backfill and compaction, and should control every layer filling thickness of not more than 25cm, nucleon density instrument measuring compactness by tamped, the compaction rate reached 95% above the rear can undertake construction of next working procedure. 二、 管道施工Two, the pipeline construction（一） 沟槽开挖与支护? 开挖过程中应根据土壤类别及性质确定槽帮坡度，对于较深沟槽宜分层开挖，挖槽土方应合理安排堆放位置以防止塌方；根据槽底宽、槽深边坡坡度及层间留台宽度来确定开槽断面，根据管道结构宽度加两侧工作宽度确定槽底宽度；雨季施工应在沟槽四周叠筑土埂，必要时在埂外开挖排水沟以防止雨水流槽内，必要时加设集水井用泵抽水来防止槽底泡水；开挖过程中随时对槽底进行高程检验，采用机械开挖时在槽底高程以上20cm应改换人工进行清挖以防止超挖，若遇超挖应采用碎石回填到设计高程或填土夯实，并保证其密实度不低于天然地基密实度。( a ) the trench excavation and support? In the process of excavation shall be determined according to the groove side slope soil type and character, for a deep trench should be stratified excavation, dredging earthwork shall be reasonably arranged stacked position to prevent collapse; according to the channel bottom width, the depth of the groove slope and interlayer in Taiwan width to determine the slotted section, according to the pipeline the width and the working width determined structure on both sides of the groove bottom width; construction of the rainy season should be in the groove around the stacking soil ridges, necessary drain ditches in the ridge outside to prevent rainwater groove, when necessary, add water pump to prevent the tank bottom water; excavation at any time in the process of the tank bottom elevation inspection, should be change the manual cleaning to prevent the overbreak in the groove bottom elevation above 20cm mechanical excavation is adopted, in case of overbreak shall adopt the gravel backfill to the design elevation or soil compaction, and to ensure that the density of not less than the natural foundation compaction.（二） 检查井、截门井施工市政给排水检查井施工容易出现基础尺寸及高程偏差较大，井壁砌砖通缝、砂浆不密实、不饱满，抹灰面起鼓发裂等质量问题，因此在检查井及截门井施丁中应尽量避免带水浇筑垫层和基础，并要保证基础的几何尺寸和高程符合设计要求，并待垫层混凝土达到一定强度后方可砌砖施工；井壁砖砌筑应保证竖直度，不得有通缝，灰浆饱满，砖缝平整，抹面要压光，不能有空鼓、裂缝现象；污水检查井雨水流槽高度应与主管内顶相平，下半部分是与主管半径相同的半圆弧，上半部分与两侧井墙平行，其宽度与主管管径相同，雨水流槽高度应与主管半径相平，流槽形状应为与主管半径相同的半圆弧；井内踏步若为灰口铸铁材质必须保证其安装牢固，污水井内踏步必须刷防锈漆，井盖安装时必须保证井圈座浆饱满，井盖与井圈配套，必要时采用重型井盖。( two ), the valve shaft construction inspection well in municipal water supply and drainage inspection well construction are basic size and height deviation, wall brick, mortar seam less dense, not full, plastering surface blistering crack and other quality problems, so in the inspection shaft and the valve pit construction should be avoided with water pouring cushion and basis, and to ensure the basic geometry and elevation shall comply with the design requirements, and the cushion concrete reaches a certain intensity before the brick construction; the wall brick masonry shall ensure that the vertical degree, without seam, mortar overflowing, brick seam smoothness, surface to light pressure, not hollowing, cracking phenomenon; height of rain sewage inspection wells the water tank and the inner top is flat, the lower half part is the same with the radius of the circular, upper part and both sides of well wall parallel, and the width of the same diameter, the groove height should be flush with the head of radius, groove shape should be the same with the radius of the circular; if well. For gray cast iron material must be firmly installed, water wells step must be brushed with antirust paint, cover must ensure the well ring a plasma full installation, cover matched with the well ring, necessary When the heavy manhole cover. （三）土方回填应严格控制回填土土质，内部不能含有碎砖、石块、混凝土块及硬土块，回填土含水量应接近最佳含水量，进行回填前应对土壤进行标准击实试验，检测其最佳含水率及最大干密度：回填时应保证槽内无积水，并不能回填淤泥、腐殖土冻土及有机物；严格控制每层回填厚度不大干30cm在夯实后对每层进行检测，合格后方可继续回填，并同时对管道两侧进行回填保证两侧高差不大于30cm;最终保证管沟胸腔部位密实度不小于90%，管顶上50cm范围内部位密实度应处于85%-90%之间，再向上部回填士密实度应同路基密实度相同。( three ) earthwork backfilling shall strictly control the backfill soil, brick, stone, internal cannot contain concrete block and hard soil, backfill soil water content should be close to the optimum moisture content, the soil backfill prior to standard compaction test, test the optimum water content and maximum dry density: Backfill should be to ensure no water tank, not backfilling silt, soil frozen soil and organic matter; strict control of each layer of backfill thickness not gets 30cm. for each layer were detected in the tamped, qualified rear can continue to backfill, and at the same time of pipes on both sides of backfill assurance on both sides of the height difference of less than 30cm; the ultimate guarantee of pipe ditch thorax, density of not less than 90%, the top of the pipe 50cm range of internal bit density is between 85%-90%, and then to the upper backfill and compaction shall be the same as the compactness.（四） 管基施工? 管道垫层应按照设计宽度、厚度进行摊铺，铺设完成后尽快浇筑混凝土以免对垫层造成破坏，基础混凝土浇筑一般采用钢模板立模，并应复核槽底标高和模板顶弹线高程，以确保平基厚度及高程，并防止支杆的支撑点不直接支在松散土层，采取加垫板或桩木的措施以保证其强度、刚度及稳定性；浇筑后应先用插入式振动器振实后用平板振动器振平及抹平，一般第一次先将基础浇筑成水平状之后浇筑管座。?施工中若遇到雨水或其它客水进入沟槽，应采取排水措施将其清除干净之后铺设砂垫层以保证沟槽施工防止带泥水浇筑平基混凝土。( four ) base construction? Pipeline should be in accordance with the design of the paving width, thickness, laying is completed as soon as possible to avoid the damage of concrete pouring, pouring of concrete with steel template based modeling, and should review the groove bottom elevation and template top line height, to ensure that the flat base thickness and height, and prevent support rod is not directly supported in loose soil, take measures to reinforce plate or wood piles to ensure its strength, stiffness and stability; pouring should first use of plug-in vibrator vibrated by the vibration level and smooth, generally the first after the first foundation pouring into horizontal placement. ? construction if encountered rain or other guest water into the trench, some drainage measures should be taken to clean up after the laying of sand cushion to ensure that the groove construction to prevent mud flat base concrete pouring belt. （五）管道安装( five ) the pipeline installation给水管一般采用从上向下安装，排水管采用自下游向上游安装，若管线质量较大应采用吊车吊装，吊车开行至沟缘2m处即应停止以避免沟壁坍塌，下管时应专人指挥，绑管子应找好重心，平吊轻放以免扰动基底管道相互碰撞，若施工：现场狭窄不宜采用机械施工则应采用人工压绳下管，管路进入沟槽时应防止其与槽壁支撑及槽底或槽内管道碰撞，并应严格控制水平与方向。Water supply pipe generally use the installation from the top down, drainage pipe from downstream to upstream pipeline installation, if larger quality should be used crane, crane operation to gully edge 2m should cease to avoid trench wall collapse, pipe should command in person, tie tube should be find good center, flat hanging with care so as to avoid the disturbance of the basal pipe collision, if the construction: narrow site should not be used construction machinery should adopt artificial rope pressure pipe, pipe into the trench should be prevented and the tank wall and bottom support or tank pipeline collision, and should strictly control the level and direction.管道安装必须严格按照施工工艺进行施工，近年来管材尤其是给水管材多种多样，施工工艺也不尽相同，管道安装前必须垫稳，不能有倒坡现象，管道内不能存有泥土、砂浆等杂物，管道接口缝隙宽度应均匀。若需水泥砂浆抹带施工则应严格控制砂浆配合比，并保证砂浆搅拌均匀以确保其强度及和易性，抹带施工前应将管外壁凿毛并洗刷干净，之后根据管径进行抹带施工.，抹完后进行覆盖洒水养护以防止空鼓、开裂；对于直径不大于600mm的管路，在抹带施工的同时应配合用麻袋球等在管道内来回拖动以便将流入管路的砂浆托平，对于管径大于600mm的管路应勾抹内管缝；若需铺设钢丝网加强则应保证钢丝网与管缝对中并保证其搭接长度和插入管座深度不小于10cm。Pipeline installation construction must be carried out in strict accordance with the construction process, especially in recent years the pipe water supply pipe variety, construction technology is not the same, the pipeline must be installed prior to pad, not reverse slope phenomenon, pipeline can not have dirt, mortar and other debris, pipeline interface slot width should be uniform. If need to cement mortar with construction should strictly control the mix ratio of mortar, and ensure the mortar mixing to ensure its strength and workability, wipe with former construction should be the outer wall of the tube cutting hair and wash clean, then wipe belt construction. According to diameter, wipe after coverage of water conservation in order to prevent the hollowing, cracking; for pipe diameter not greater than 600mm, should cooperate with mortar support sack ball back and forth in the pipeline to drag into the pipeline at the same time wipe belt construction, pipe diameter greater than 600mm should check with inner pipe joint; for laying wire mesh reinforcement should ensure wire and tube joint of and to ensure that the lap length and insert the socket depth of not less than 10cm.