江西中医学院考试复习资料之《医学英语》历年考试句子翻译.doc

B百病皆由脾胃衰而生也。All diseases are caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach.膀胱储存和排泄尿液是在肾的气化作用下完成的。The bladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney.表寒证是寒邪侵袭肌表所表现的证候Exterior cold syndrome is caused by invasion of pathogenic cold into the superficies.不同的疾病可因相同的病机而出现相同的证。Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.C藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占有极其重要的地位。The theory of visceral manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.常色是指人在正常生理状态下的面部色泽 Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions. 除少数药单独使用外，多数都是配合起来使用的Most herbs have to be used in combination except a few special ones.从色泽的明暗，可以辨别病情的阴阳属性。The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.D胆的主要生理功能是贮存和排泄胆汁。The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile.胆排泄胆汁于小肠以助消化食物The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food胆汁由肝之精气所化生。Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver.当脏腑发生病变的时，也会通过经脉反映于体表Similarly pathological changes of the viscera can manifest over the surface of the body through meridians.同样的，得神是精充气足神旺的表现“With spirit” is a manifestation of sufficient essence, abundant qi, and full vitality. 地区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动。Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body.毒性剧烈的药物用量过多就会发生副作用或中毒Overuse of herbs with acute toxicity will cause side-effects or intoxication. F肺的病变多见于鼻喉的症候。The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.肺的呼吸功能健全与否，直接影响着宗气的生成。The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.肺失于宣散，即可以出现呼吸不利、胸闷、咳喘的病理现象。Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough and panting.G肝藏血以济心。The liver stores blood to complement the liver.肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄和主藏血。The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.肝主升而归属于木。The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.功能属于阳，物质属于阴。Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.光面舌主要是由于胃阴枯竭、胃气大伤所致Mirror-like tongue is primarily caused by depletion of stomach yin and impairment of stomach qi.H寒性药物具有清热、泻火、解毒的作用Cold-natured herbs have the function of clearing away heat, purging fire, and removing toxins.寒证是感受寒邪或阴盛阳虚所表现的证候Cold syndrome is usually caused by cold attack or predominance of yin and decline of yang.患者若有啄雀或屋漏脉象，说明病情危重Sparrow-pecking pulse and roof-leaking pulse indicate unfavorable prognosis. 火热之邪最易迫津外泄，耗伤人体阴液。 Pathogenic fire-heat tends to consume the body fluid and leads to deficiency of it. J基本原则是补其不足，泻其有余。The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.治疗的疾病反映于脉象的变化叫做病脉The variation of pulse that reflects the state of a disease is known as morbid pulse. 假神是垂危患者出现精神暂时好转的假象。“False spirit” is a false manifestation of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease. 介于温凉之间的药物为平性药Mild-natured herbs fall in between cool-natured herbs and warm-natured herbs.金元时期出现了后世称为“金元四大家”的医学流派。In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.津液的代谢过程完全依赖于气的推动，气化作用。Metabolism of fluid depends on qi to promote and transform.经络是运行全身气血的通道Meridians are the pathways for qi to circulate in the whole body.经脉中的气血运行是循环贯注的，如环无端。Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles.K苦味药有燥湿和泻下的作用Herbs bitter in flavor have the function of drying dampness and promoting defecation.M麻黄与石膏配伍，重在清散郁热The compatibility of Mahuang and Shigao aims to clear away and disperse stagnated heat.脉分为三个部分，即寸、关、尺。The pulse is divided into three parts known as cun, guan and chi.脉浮主表证，脉沉主里证Floating pulse indicates exterior syndrome while sunken pulse shows interior syndrome.脉是血液运行的通道。The vessels are the passages in which blood flows.脉象沉滑，表明有消化不良A sunken-slippery pulse indicates indigestion. 脉象浮芤，表明有出血A floating hollow pulse indicates bleeding.脉象浮濡，表明有中暑A floating soggy pulse indicates sunstroke.脉诊非常复杂，形成了一个独特的诊法体系Pulse-taking is so complicated that it has developed into a unique diagnostic system. 脉诊是中医的一种非常神奇而典型的诊法。Pulse-taking is a miraculous and typical Chinese diagnostic method. 没有阴也就无以言阳，没有阳也就无以言阴。Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.木过强时，既可以乘脾，又可以侮金。When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal木火土金水是不可缺少的五种最基本的物质。Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.N内伤脾胃，百病由生。Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.脑为元神之府The brain is the house of the primordial spirit.女子胞是发生月经和孕育胎儿的器官。The uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.O呕吐是胃气上逆所致Vomiting is caused by adverse rising of stomach qi. P胖大舌多因水湿痰饮阻滞所致。Bulgy tongue is usually caused by retention of water, dampness, phlegm and fluid. 胖人的脉象特点是沉稳The pulse characteristics of over-weighted people are sunken and hastening.炮制是将采集来的原药用水、火、酒和醋等加以处理Processing of herbs refers to the preparation of crude herbs with water, fire, alcohol and vinegar.配合适当可以加强药效，或监制毒性Proper combination of herbs can reinforce the curative effects or reduce toxicity. 脾开窍于口，其华在唇四白。The spleen open into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.脾为后天之本，气血生化之源。The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.脾主运化而归属于土。The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.Q气不摄血可导致各种出血。Failure of qi to control blood may lead to various kinds of bleeding.气的充足与否，气机是否通畅，都会影响津液的运行。The state and flow of qi influence the movement of body fluid.气的升降出入运动一旦停止，也就意味着生命活动的终止和死亡。If qi stops ascending, descending, exiting and entering, it will lead to an end of life activities.气对血、津液等液态物质具有防止其无故流失的作用。Qi prevents blood and body fluid from losing.气化是指通过气的运动而产生的各种变化。Qi transformation refers to changes caused by qi movement.气是构成人体的最基本物质Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body.气是活力很强的精微物质Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity.气血津液都是维持人体生命活动的基本物质。Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances for maintaining life activities.切诊包括脉诊和按诊两个部分Pressing diagnosis includes pulse-taking and palpation.青色主寒证、痛证、瘀血和惊风。Bluish color indicates cold syndrome, pain syndrome, blood stasis and infantile convulsion. R人生有形，不离阴阳。Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.人体的体温是依靠气的温煦作用来维持固定。Body temperature is maintained with the warming function of Qi.人体排泄水液的途径主要是尿与汗。The body discharges fluid through urination and sweating.人体阳气白天多趋于表，夜晚多趋于里。Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.人之灵机与记性皆在脑中。The intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain.若心有病变，可以从舌上反映出来。Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.S上焦如雾The upper energizer functions as a sprayer.肾藏精以滋养肝的阴血。The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.肾的精气有促进骨骼生长的作用。Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton.肾所藏的精气包括“先天之精”和“后天之精”。The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence. 肾的纳气功能正常则呼吸均匀和调。If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even.肾与脾相表里。The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other.肾主生长、发育于生殖。The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction.肾主水而归属于水。The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.生我者为母，我生者为子。The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.失神是精损气亏神衰的表现“Without spirit” is a manifestation of impaired essence, deficient qi, and dispiritedness. 暑邪为病常兼挟湿邪侵袭人体。Pathogenic summer-heat usually accompanies pathogenic dampness to invade the body.水具有滋润和向下的特性。Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow四诊的方法是在长期的医疗实践中逐步形成和发展起来的The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.酸味药有收敛固涩的作用Herbs sour in flavor have the function of astringing.痰和饮都是水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物Phlegm and fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water and fluid. T汤剂的优点是煎出的有效成分在服用后易于吸收The advantage of decoction is that the effective elements can be easily absorbed after being taken.W丸剂因其吸收较慢，故多用于慢性疾病Pills are commonly used in chronic diseases because they are slow in absorption. 卫气运行于脉外，活动力特别强，流动很迅速。The defensive qi flows outside the blood vessels with strong force and high speed.味药有补养及和缓的作用Herbs sweet in flavor have the function of tonifying, harmonizing and moderating. 甘胃的生理功能是受纳与腐熟水谷。The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food.五行学说也有一定的局限性。The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气。The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to transform and store essence.五脏与形体诸窍联结成一个整体。The five zang-organs, the body and all the orifices form an organic whole.物生谓之化，物极谓之变。Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change. X下焦如渎The lower energizer functions as a drainer.先天之精依赖于肾藏精气的生理功能才能充分发挥其生理效应。The innate essence depends the essential qi stored in the kidney to takes effect.咸味药有软坚润下的作用Herbs salty in flavor have the function of softening hardness to promote defecation. 相乘即以强凌弱的意思。Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.相克是指一事物对另一事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用。Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.小肠在吸收水谷精微的同时，也吸收了大量的水液。The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients from food.心开窍于舍并与小肠相表里。The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.心阳有温煦之功能，故心属火。Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire. 心与小肠相表里。The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other.心脏的主要生理功能是主血脉和主神志。The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind.血热指血分有热，血行加速的病理状态。Blood heat refers to the morbid state of heat in the blood hastening the blood flow. 血虚是指血液不足或血的濡养功能减退的病理变化Blood deficiency refers to the morbid state of insufficient blood failing to nourish the body.血液的化生过程依赖多个脏腑的气化作用。The production of blood depends on the qi transforming activities of several viscera.血瘀指血液的循行迟缓和不流畅的病理变化Blood stasis refers to the morbid state of slow and unsmooth flow of blood. Y阳常有余，阴常不足。Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.药物的作用趋向有升降沉浮之别The functional tendencies of herbs are marked by ascending, descending, sinking and floating.一种或几种脉象就可揭示一种典型的疾病One or several pulse manifestations would reveal a typical disease阴阳离绝，精气乃绝Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.。阴阳是中国古代哲学的一对范畴。Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.阴阳亡失指机体的阴液或阳气突然大量地亡失，导致生命垂危的一种病理状态。Loss of yin or yang refers to the critical state of sudden, profuse loss of yin-fluid or yang-qi. 饮食不节主要是损伤脾胃 ，导致脾胃功能失常。Improper diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.饮食物经过小肠的进一步消化后分别为水谷精微和食物残渣两个部分。Food is further divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine.有出血时，脉象芤、小、缓，预后良好If hollow, small and slow pulse manifested during bleeding, the prognosis will be favorable.有些新鲜药物可采用捣汁服的方法For some fresh herbs, they are usually taken by extracting juice.有诸内，必形诸外。The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally.瘀血的病症特点是因瘀阻的部位和形成瘀血的原因不同而异。 The diseases caused by blood stasis vary according to the location and cause of the stasis. 鱼翔脉和虾游脉象表明患者生命垂危Fish-swimming pulse and shrimp-darting pulse indicate that the patient is in critical condition.元气是人体最基本的、最重要的气，是人体生命活动的原动力。The primordial qi is the most essential and important qi and is the primary motive force of life.Z在临床治疗上，五行学说用来确定治疗原则和治疗方法。Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.在生成津液的过程中，脾胃之气起着决定性作用。The spleen and stomach play an important role in the production of body fluid.在一定条件下，阴阳可以各自向其相反的方向发展。Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.真阴不足与真阳不足就是肾阴不足与肾阳不足Deficiency of genuine yin or yang refers to insufficiency of kidney yin or yang.诊脉的最佳时间是清晨太阳升起的时候The optimal time of pulse-taking is in the morning when the sun rises. 诊脉时患者应该放松，呼吸平稳，情绪稳定During pulse-taking, the patient should relax himself, breathe naturally, and keep in calm.证能更全面更正确的揭示疾病的本质。 Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.证是机体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括。Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.支气管疾病的脉象浮小，说明容易治愈If the pulse manifestation in bronchus diseases is floating and small, it will be easily cured. 只有不断的消长平衡，才能推动事物的正常发展Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things。只有选用适宜的药物，才能收到良好的疗效。Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.中焦如沤The middle energizer functions as a fermentor.中医理论体系在形成过程中，受到古代五行学说的深刻影响。The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the theory of five elements.中医强调形神共存，互用并相互影响。According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.中医认识到社会活动对心理的影响。TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体。TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.中医学有完整独特的理论体系TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system.自然界的变化又可以直接或间接的影响人体。Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body.