英美概况复习资料.doc

教师招聘考试英美概况复习资料美国1. The Legend of Sleeping Hallow is a short story written by _. A James Fenimore Cooper B Washington Irving C Edgar Allan Poe D Mark Twain B.睡谷的传说（The Legend of Sleeping Hallow）是华盛顿.欧文短篇（Washington Irving）小说集札记集（The Sketch Book）中的一篇。 2. Which book is not written by Emerson? A The American Scholar B Self-Reliance C Nature D Civil Disobedience D, 论市民之不服从是梭罗的作品。其他全为爱默生的作品。3. The finest example of Hawthorns symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in _. A The Scarlet Letter B Young Goodman Brown C The Marble Fawn D The Ambitious Guest A, 霍桑作品中的象征主义手法主要体现在他的著作红字中。4. Captain, My Captain is written for _. A Lincoln B Whitman C Washington D Hemingway A, 阿，船长啊，我的船长！是惠特曼为纪念林肯总统而作的。5. In area, the United States is the _ largest country in the world. A 2nd B 3rd C 4th D 5th C 按领土面积计算：美国是继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后的第四名。6. Mauna Loa, the worlds largest active volcano, is located in _ A Hawaii B Alaska C Texas D Perth A,Mauna Loa（摩纳罗亚山）是世界上最大的活火山。位于美国Hawaii（夏威夷）。 7.All the following universities are located in New England EXCEPT_ A Yale B Harvard C MIT D Berkeley D Berkeley（伯克利），是加利福尼亚大学分院，位于美国加利福尼亚西部。而新英格兰地区包括美国的六个州，由北至南分别为：缅因州、新罕布夏州、佛蒙特州、麻萨诸塞州、罗德岛、康乃狄克州。 8.The United States has less than 6% of the worlds population; yet it produces about _ of the total world output. A 20% B 25% C 30% D 35% B 美国人口低于世界人口总值的6%，但是美国经济生产总值占世界25%，是高度工业化国家。 9.What forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States? A The Rio Grande River B The southern Rocky Mountains C The Colorado River D The Gulf of California A The Rio Grand River（格兰德河）形成了美国与墨西哥的自然分界线。 10. The emblem of the Democratic Party is _. A elephant B donkey C bear D bull B 19世纪70年代，在美国的哈泼斯周刊上，曾先后出现了政治漫画家托马斯·纳斯特的两幅画，分别以长耳朵的驴和长鼻子的象比拟美国民主党Democratic Party和共和党。后来，纳斯特又在一幅画中同时画进了象和驴，比喻当时的两党竞选。自那以后，驴和象就逐渐成为美国两大党的象征，两党也分别以驴、象作为党徽的标记。 11.In 1620, 201 Pilgrims, to escape religious presecution, sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at _. A New York B Georgia C Virginia D Plymouth D 1620年，朝拜者为了逃离宗教迫害，乘坐五月花号，在新英格兰的普来冒斯落脚。  12.The Grand Canyon in south-western _ is one of natures most impressive sights. A Utah B Arizona C Nevada D Idaho B 大峡谷位于美国西南部的亚利桑那州。13.American presidents are elected _. A every two years B every four years C every five years D every six years B 美国总统任期四年，必须是35岁以上的出生于美国的本国公民。14.In the United States, the first larges immigration movement took plane _ A right after the War of Independence B in the mid-1800 C at the turn of the 20th century D right after the Civil War C 1815年至1917年间发生了美国历史上的三大移民。第一次是1800年中开始，第二次是1860到1890年，第三次，也是移民人数最多的一次，是1890年到1914年。15.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been _ A friendship and happiness B Peace and plenty, health and happiness C cooperation and rich reward D love and happiness B 感恩节的主题是：和平，富足，健康和幸福。 16.In America, the three newspaper are of the following EXCEPT _. A New York Times B Readers Digest C Washington Post D Los Angels Times B Reader's Digest（读者摘要）是杂志，而不是报纸。17. The world-famous Harvard University is in _. A Massachusetts B New York C Washington D.C. D Maine A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。 18. Which of the following statements about American education is wrong? A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals. C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelors degree. C, 在美国， 私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。象麻省理工， 耶鲁大学， 哈佛大学都是私立的。 19 _ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment. A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道， 其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近， 周围云集了几十家剧院， 上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。 20 _ is not a tourist attraction in the United States. A Yellowstone National Park B Grand Canyon C St. Patricks Cathedral D StonehengeD, Stonehenge 在英国UK， 是古代城池的遗迹。 21 _ was an actor before he became the President. A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter A, 里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。 22.New Englanders were originally known as _, which come to stand for all Americans. A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。 现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。 在美国南部，Yankee是指美国北部各州的居民， 即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee 意味着新英格兰人。 23. On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _, which housed the government then. A New York B Washington D.C. C Philadelphia D Boston A, 1789年George Washington 在纽约宣誓就职， 1790年首都迁往费城。 1800年以后定都华盛顿。 24. Henry Fond was the first man to _. A design a plane B fly an aero plane C mass-produciton D design and make a car C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技师， 虽然没有发明汽车， 但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。 25. “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, ”were the words by _. A Thomas Jefferson B Abraham Lincoln C Andrew Johnson D Theodore Roosevelt B, 这是Abraham Lincoln 于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式上发表的著名的葛底斯堡演说的片语。26. Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city? A Los Angles B Chicago C New York D Washington A, 好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶。 27. Which of the following is an American newspaper? A The Guardian B Newsweek C The International Herald Tribune D The Daily Telegraph B, 新闻周刊是美国的报纸， 而国际先驱论坛是法国的， 卫报和每日电讯为英国的。 28. The first Puritans came to America on the ship _. A Codpeed B Susan Constant C May Flower D Discovery C, 首批清教徒到美国时乘坐的船是“五月花号”。 29. Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have _. A given their lives for their country B made great scientific discoveries C won American great reputation in sports D donated large amounts of money to the country A, Memorial Day 是美国的阵亡将士纪念日。 30. “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _. A New Years Day B Veterans Day C Halloween D Christmas C, 万圣节是美国的传统节日。万圣节前夜， 孩子们带着各种面具， 穿着奇异的衣服，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：“Trick or Treat”，向大人们讨要糖果。不给的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧。31. The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter, are considered to present _. A vigor and bravery B fertility and new life C originality and speed D happiness and fun B, 复活节彩蛋和兔子是“多产和新生”的象征。 32. Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens? A The Adventures of Tom Sawyer B The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn C Life on the Mississippi D Leaves of grass D, Leaves if grass 是 Walt Whitman 的作品。 33. Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving? A Nature B The Scarlet Letter C The Sketch Book D Farewell to Arms C, Washington Irving 被称作是美国文学之父， 这是他最有名的作品。A 是 Ralph W. Emerson 的作品, B 是 Nathaniel Hawthorne 的作品, D 是 Earnest Hemingway 的作品。34. The New Deal was started by _. A Franklin Roosevelt B J.K. Kennedy C George Washington D Thomas Jefferson A, 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。 35. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _. A Teachers B students C headmaster D boards of education D, 对此有决定权的是教育委员会。 36. The Bill of Rights consists of _. A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment B 10 amendments adopted in 1787 C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion C, 人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案。 37. The United States produces as much as much as half of the worlds _. A wheat and rice B cotton C tobacco D soybeans and corn D, 美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米。 38. The District of Manhattan is in the city if _. A Washington D.C. B San Francisco C New York D Chicago C, 曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区， 也是纽约的中心地带。 39. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_. A according to their population B according to their size C according to their tax paid to federal governmentD equally D, 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关和众议院不同）。 40. Harvard University was founded in _. A 1366 B 1633 C 1636 D 1363 C.Harvard University(哈佛大学)，美国最古老、最负盛名的大学，于1636年建于马萨诸塞州剑桥。以其第一位捐助人约翰。哈佛的姓氏命名。41. The state to which the Mayflower sailed is _. A Florida B Maine C Virginia D Massachusetts D.Mayflower “五月花”号是1620年一皮英国移民前来美州时所乘的木帆船。这只船于1620年12月26日到达Massachusetts(马萨诸塞州)的Plymouth “普利茅斯”，他们在那里建立了第一个永久性的新英格兰殖民地。42. In the Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous _. A the Bill of Rights B the Emancipation Proclamation C the Federalist Paper D the Declaration of Independence B.the Emancipation Proclamation(解放黑奴宣言)，南北战争期间，由亚伯拉罕.林肯总统于1863年1月1日颁布的行政命令，规定自即日起废除南部联邦各州的奴隶制度，宣布所有黑人奴隶获得自由，并被赋予参加联邦军的权利。43.The period of the “Cold War” began when _ came forth in March 1947. A NATO B the Eisenhower Doctrine C the Truman Doctrine D Marshall Plan C.The Truman Doctrine(杜鲁门主义)是1947年有杜鲁门总统提出的。其理论概括为“美国的外交政策必须支持那些正在抵抗武装少数派或外来压力的征服企图的自由民族”，意即美国必须遏止所谓的“共产主义扩张”，这是美国政府实行遏止政策的开始，也是美苏两过长期冷战的开始。杜鲁门（Hurry Truman）美国第33届总统（1945-1953）。其执政期间，在国内政治方面，基本上继续执行罗斯福的 the New Deal（新政），并提出自己的 the Fair Deal(公平施政)纲领。在国际方面，与苏联的紧张关系加剧导致冷战的开始。他认为“共产主义扩张”是对世界最大的威胁，因此提出了The Truman Doctrine(杜鲁门主义，1947)和Marshall Plan(马歇尔计划，1947)，并建立NATO(The North Atlantic Treaty Organization)44. Who was considered as father of modern astronomy and forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the centre of the universe? A Copernicus B Kepler C Galileo D Newton A.Copernicus(哥白尼，1473-1543)，波兰天文学家，创立太阳是宇宙的中心的“日心说”，推翻了托勒密的“地心说”，使自然科学开始从神学中解放出来，著有 The revolution of Heavenly Orbs(天体运动论)。哥白尼被认为是“现代天文学之父”。45. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _. A cultural revival B loss of purpose C development in science and technology D material success and spiritual frustration D.许多历史学家都把美国的20世纪20年代描述为物质上成功，精神上颓废且迷惘的时期。46. “Marshall Plan” aimed at the following except _. A restoring the economy B avoiding revolution C providing funds for all the countries involved in the war D finding markets for US extra goods B.“Marshall Plan”(马歇尔计划)，即 The European Recovery Program (欧洲复兴计划)1917年由过国务卿 George C. Marshall(乔治.C.马歇尔)将军提出的，旨在帮助西欧国家复兴在第二次世界大战中遭到破坏的经济，并抵制苏联、东欧共产党国家的影响。自19481951年，美国向欧洲经济合作组织的17个西欧国家共提供了125亿美圆的援款和物资。该计划既有利于西欧国家经济的恢复，又符合美国自身的经济利益。该计划远定5年，结果提前一年完成。马歇尔也由于该计划获得1953年诺贝尔和平奖。47. _ is considered Americas unique contribution to music. A Jazz B Rock and Roll C Country Music D Western Music A. Jazz(爵士乐)，由美国南方黑人文化发展而来、惟一对西方国家音乐产生重大影响的美国本土音乐。最初出现于19世纪末，当时路易斯安那新奥尔良（New Orleans）一些街头乐队所演奏的音乐是最早的爵士乐，该市New Orleans被称为爵士乐的诞生地48. “God help those who help themselves” is a citation from the work of _. A Paine B Franklin C Freneau D Jefferson B, 该句是富兰克林的名句。英国 1. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its centre moving to Milan, then to Rome and created High Renaissance? A in the 16th century B in the 15th century C in the 11th century D in the 17th century A.欧洲的文艺复兴开始于意大利的佛罗伦萨和威尼斯，随后随着其中心移到米兰，再到罗马，文艺复兴在16世纪达到了High Renaissance(鼎盛时期)（1493-1530）。 2. Who was the first woman Prime Minister in British history? A Elizabeth I B Elizabeth II C Margaret Thatcher D Diana Princess of Wales C.Margaret Thatcher (玛格丽特.撒切儿)，英国首相（19791990），是英国历史上第一位女首相，保守党人，在1979年的大选中击败工党，上台执政，推行“私有化”及“自由经济”政策，在1983和1987年两次大选中获胜，蝉联首相，是站后英国首相任职时间最长的一位，曾四度访问中国。3. How many members are there in the House of Commons? A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651 D, 下议院共有651名议员。4. Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。5. The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。6. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A political B educational C military D economic D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。8. Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765. AAbraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。 10. _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。11._is the home of golf. A England B Scotland C Wales D Ireland B 高尔夫是一项古老的贵族的运动，源于十五世纪或更早以前的苏格兰，苏格兰地区山多，气候湿润，多雾，非常适合牧草生长，这里的工业文明以前是连绵不断的牧场。相传当时牧羊人放牧闲暇时，用木板玩游戏，将石子击入兔子窝或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球杆并按一定的规则击球。12.Which of the following languages is NOT spoken in Scotland? A English B Scottish C Gaelic D Denish D Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语是高地苏格兰人的传统语言；更多人使用的语言是英语。一直到15世纪末，盎格鲁人仍然以他们的语言称苏格兰盖尔语为苏格兰语（盎格鲁语：Scottish）。13.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by _ A King Harold B Robin Hood C Oliver Cromwell D William the Conqueror D 伦敦塔名为“塔”，实际上是公元11世纪处于罗马统治时期的一座城堡式建筑。14.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son_, the regime began immediately to collapse. A Henry B Hamilton C Richard D Charles C Oliver Cromwell的儿子在父亲过世后继承王权，但是不久后掌控的政体瓦解。1660年，议会扶植流浪法国的前国王儿子Charle二世当国王。15.Reuters was founded in _ A 1715 B 1751 C 1851 D 1815 C 路透社是世界四大通讯社之一，也是英国创办最早的通讯社。1850年由保罗·朱利叶斯·路透 （paul julius reuter）在德国亚琛创办，1851年迁址到伦敦。创办人路透原为德国人，后加入英国籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通讯社扩展成为一家大公司。16.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _ crosses. A one B two C three D four C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三个十字组成。17. _ was the hom