Unit 1 Using language 语法句子成分讲义-高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册.docx

第一课：简单句子的成分和结构1.英语和汉语句子大不同，哪个句子讲究形合， 哪个句子讲究意合？英语句子讲究形合，线性逻辑。汉语句子讲究意合，网状型逻辑。英语语法一定要讲究词性，词形词性变化很多，汉语略逊。2.句子：句子是个完整的意义单位。由不同的句子成分构成。3.句子成分：组成句子的各个部分。包括八个成分：主，谓，表，宾，同，定，状，补。4.一个句子的主体：主语和谓语。分别表明句子的主体和主体的动作和状态。5.一个句子的修饰：定语和状语。定语后置是的英语独特的语法现象。6.标记句子成分：主语：_谓语：_宾语： 表语：（双波浪线）定语：( )状语： 补语：< >同位语： 插入语：/练习：用符号标记成分。1) I saw a white-haired man.2）I breathed deeply.3）I looked at them in panic.4）His words made me a lot more relaxed.5）He gave me a smile.Keys:1)I saw a white-haired man.2)I breathed deeply.3)I looked at them in panic.4)His words made me < a lot more relaxed >.5)He gave me a smile.二、简单句的七个常见结构用S, V,O,C, A，P划分句子成分，发现句子结构。S=subject主语 V=verb 谓语动词 O=object 宾语 C=complement补语 A=adverbial状语 P=predicative 表语1）主谓（SV）e.g. Ill quit. (我不干了！)2）主系表（SP）e.g. The campus was quite.（当时校园安静极了）系动词还有：感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel 是连系动词。e.g. He had tasted freedom.(他刚刚尝到了自由的甜头。)变化动词：become, get, turn, grow, fall也是连系动词。e.g.The company is growing bigger.(这家公司在不断壮大。)保持动词：keep, stay, remain, stande.g. He remained silent.（他依然沉默。）e.g. Train fares remained unchanged. (火车票价保持不变。)系动词口诀：(他)be, seem似乎 ，（是为了）感官上sound/look/feel/taste/smell，变得turn/become/get/go,（好看），而保持remain/stay/keep（身材）。系动词后面的成分叫表语。3) 主谓宾（SVO）e.g. I like adventure stories.4）主谓宾宾（SVOO）e.g. He gave me a smile. 5) 主谓宾宾补（SVOC）e.g. We made him monitor.区分：只需要在最后两个宾语之间加个be动词，如果，读起来意思是对的，就是主谓宾宾补结构。反之，就是主谓宾宾。6) 主谓状（SVA）e.g. He got up early. e.g. He rushed to his new school.e.g.My English teacher stepped into the room.7) 主谓宾状（SVOA）e.g. Challenges might put you under pressure.e.g.You will make the most of your time at senior high.反馈feedback：一、 完成书上第五页练习1二、 理解以下句子，划分成分。A mans bike was missing.He bought a new one.He put two locks on the bike.Keys:A mans bike was missing.(SP)He bought a new one.(SVO)He put two locks on the bike.(SVOA)三、测试Quiz：1.You will soon find out. (SV) 2.I kept calm. (SP)3.I am prepared. (SP) 4.I saw a white-haired man. （SVO）5.I breathed deeply.(SVA) 6. I looked at them in panic. (SVOA)7. I had pictured it over and over again. (SVOA) 8.I woke up early.（SVA）9. His words made me more relaxed. （SVOC）10. He gave me a smile. （SVOO）Keys：1.You will soon find out. (SV) 2.I kept calm. (SP)3.I am prepared. (SP) 4.I saw a white-haired man. （SVO）5.I breathed deeply.(SVA) 6. I looked at them in panic. (SVOA)7. I had pictured it over and over again. (SVOA) 8.I woke up early.（SVA）9. His words made me < more relaxed >. （SVOC）10. He gave me a smile. （SVOO）四挑战：画出这些句子的成分。（1， 2， 13句还是简单句吗？）1. The machine starts the moment you press the button. 2. I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.3. She was nervous.4. Meng Hao was nervous about introducing himself in front of the class.5. He rushed to his new school.6. He had a good beginning to his new school life.7. Meng Hao decided to explore a bit.8. You don't seem to be quite yourself tonight.9. He was not sure about life at senior high.10. With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. 11. Turning around, I saw a white-haired man.12. I think it necessary to take an umbrella with you.13. Our English teacher made it a rule that we can only speak English in class.Keys:1.The machine starts the moment you press the button. （主谓状）2.I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.（主谓宾状）3. She was nervous.（主系表）4. Meng Hao was nervous about introducing himself in front of the class.（主系表+介词宾语结构）5. He rushed to his new school. (主谓宾状)6. He had a good beginning to his new school life.(主谓宾定)7. Meng Hao decided to explore a bit.（主谓状）8. You don't seem to be quite yourself tonight. (主系表状)9. He was not sure about life at senior high.(主系表+介词宾语)10. With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. (状+主谓状)11. Turning around, I saw a white-haired man.(状+主谓宾)12. I think it necessary to take an umbrella with you.(主谓+形式宾语+宾补+真正宾语)13. Our English teacher made it a rule that we can only speak English in class. (主谓+形式宾语+宾补+真正宾语)学科网（北京）股份有限公司