高三英语一轮复习语法条件状语从句用法说明讲义.docx

高中语法条件状语从句用法说明讲义1. 引导让步状语从句的连词：“though，although，even though，even if ”等连词常被用来引导让步状语从句。这些词引导让步状语从句时，主句不可用but，但可以用yet或still.例句：Although he tried hard, (yet/still) he failed.尽管他很努力了，但仍然失败了。Though he was inexperienced, he did a very good job.尽管没有经验，但他表现得很不错。（1）His first lecture was delivered on Nov.4, 1915, and it explained his new approach, though he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation of it本句考查的是由though引导的让步状语从句。句子前半句为肯定句，后半句为否定句，是典型的转折关系。【参考译文】他的第一场讲座安排在1915年11月4日，爱因斯坦解释了他的新方法，虽然他也坦承自己尚未找到精确的数学公式。（2）Although simple versions of miniature devices have had an impact, advanced versions are still several years away. 本句考查although引导的让步状语从句。句子前半句为否定句，后半句为肯定句，是典型的转折关系。【参考译文】尽管简单版的微型装置已经起到了一定的作用，但更高级的微型装置的问世仍需要几年时间。2. 表示让步转折关系的介词这些介词主要有despite，in spite of，for all和notwithstanding。例句：Despite his advanced years, he is learning to drive 虽然年事已高，他仍然在学驾驶汽车。I went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨我仍然外出。（3）The turtle's population has decreased in spite of human protection.“in spite of”意为“尽管”，“不管”，“不顾”，后接名词。【参考译文】尽管有人类的保护，乌龟的数量还是下降了。（4）The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite her parents strong objection.（选自2010年6月翻译）“despite”意为“尽管；不管”，后可以加名词，名词短话或句子。【参考译文】尽管遭到了父母的强烈反对，这个16岁的女孩还是决定自己出国旅行。（5）Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never gave up pursuing knowledge.“despite”意为“尽管；不管”，后可以加名词，名词短语或句子。【参考译文】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。上面的知识点，大家掌握了吗？让我们通过两个小练习检验一下吧！1. _ many children like KFC, I think theyd better try not to eat it too often.A. Because   B. When   C. Although   D. If答案：C2. _ what he achieved in medicine, he remained modest.A. Despite   B. Although   C. If   D. Whereas答案：A3. “while”引导让步状语从句“while”用在句首，一般意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。例句：While he was tired, he went on working.虽然他累了，但他还是继续工作。While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。（6）At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.本句考查的是由while引导的让步状语从句。相当于though或although，“work on doing sth.”意为“致力于做某事”，where引导的从句做figuring out的宾语。【参考译文】在某个时期，尽管研究者们致力于调查事实的真相所在，但是说明潜在利益比所付代价更有意义。（7）While theres no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. 本句是复合句。句子主干为“several studies suggest”。“while”引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，比 although 或 though 语气轻。第一个 that 引导同位语从句；第二个 that 引导宾语从句，作 suggest 的宾语。in which 引导定语从句，修饰 situations。rise to the occasion 能够应付【参考译文】毫无疑问持续的压力是有害的, 但几项研究证明能够应付的具有挑战性的环境对人体是有益的。4. “No matter wh-”引导让步状语从句在英语中，我们可以用no+matter+what, who, when, where, how或者whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 来引导让步状语从句，表示“无论”。请注意，这几个连词除了however之外，一般都可以单独使用，而however后面通常要接形容词或副词，不单独使用。例句：No matter who you are, you have to obey the orders and there is no exception.无论你是谁，你都必须服从命令，没有特例。No matter how hard this work is, I will not give up until succeed.无论有多难，我都不会放弃直到成功。No matter which university you go to, you have to study hard as each university is unique.无论你去上哪所大学，你都必须努力学习，因为每所大学都是独特的。He wanted to take no risks, however small.他多小的风险也不想冒。5. “as”引导的倒装句表示让步as引导的倒装句可以表示让步，其结构有以下几种：（1）形容词在句首例句：Oldest in our workshop as he is, he works hardest.尽管他是我们车间最年长的一位，他工作起来最努力。（2）副词在句首例句：Much as I respect him, I can not agree with him.虽然我非常尊重他，但是我仍旧不同意他的观点。（3）分词在句首例句：Praised as he was, he remained modest.尽管受到了表扬，但仍然很谦虚。（4）名词在句首例句：Child as he is, he is knowledgeable.他虽然是个孩子，但知识渊博。（5）动词原形在句首例句：Fail as I did, I would never stop trying.尽管我失败了，但我绝决不会停止尝试。（10）Strange as it seems, customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries.尽管看起来很奇怪，顾客似乎也忘记了要为他们买的东西付钱。（11）Business major as he is, he has never considered working as a salesman.虽然学的是商科专业，但他从未考虑成为一名销售。6. as/so +形容词+as+主谓结构，放在句首表示让步例句：As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight.尽管约翰不愿意，但他今晚还得待在家里学习。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book in two days.尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。虽然翻遍历年真题，“as/so +形容词+as+主谓结构”的让步状语句型不算多，但大家还是要适当了解一下，以免日后碰到难以理解。7. 句首用“be”的倒装句表示让步例句：Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms.一切物质，不论是气态、液态还是固态，都是由原子构成的。用be来引导的让步状语从句至此，让步状语从句的七种主要用法，已为大家全部呈现了。大家是不是对让步状语从句的用法更为清晰了呢？做个小练习，检验一下吧！（1）_, the fire men were unable to quench the fire.A. Try they would B. As they tried C. What they tried D. Try as they would答案：D解析：本题考查让步状语从句的倒装句型。as/so +形容词+as+主谓结构，放在句首表示让步。译文：尽管消防队员会努力尝试，但他们并不能将大火扑灭。（2）_, we will set off as we planned.A. Were it good or bad B. Being good or bad C. Whether good or bad D. Be it good or bad答案：D解析：本题考查让步状语从句。be引导的倒装句，表示让步。译文：无论天气好坏，我们明天按计划出发。 条件状语从句主要由if, unless, as so long as, in case 等引导。如：一、 由if引导Dont be anxious if Im late. 如果我来迟了，不要着急。Ill fire if you come any nearer. 再走近一点我就开枪了。Could you endure poverty if I went away? 我要是离开了你能忍受贫穷吗？You can ask my mother if you don t believe me. 你如果不相信我可以问我母亲。If anyone calls tell them Im not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。You could get a better job if you spoke a foreign language. 如果你能讲外语，你可以找到好点的工作。二、由unless引导You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就会失败。I wont write unless he writes first. 如果他不先写信，我也不写。Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我给你打电话否则不要来。Well have the outing tomorrow unless it rains. 我们明天去郊游除非是下雨。Unless you wear boots you may be bitted by snakes. 若不穿靴子你可能被蛇咬。Unless you wear boots you may be bitted by snakes. I shouldnt dream of going unless you wanted me. 除非要我去，否则我不会想去。 Unless I parted from Sheila, l could not keep up that struggle. 如果我不和希拉分手我就没法坚持这一斗争。二、 由as so long as引导As long as you need me, Ill stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。Im happy as long as you are happy. 只要你快乐我就快乐。I shall love you as long as I have breath. 只要我还有一口气，我就会爱你。So long as you make Ruth happy Im content. 只要你让鲁思高兴我就满意了。So long as you make Ruth happy Im content. 只要你让鲁思幸福我就满足了。You can take my cal so long as you drive carefully. 只要你开车小心，我可以把车借给你。    As long as you understand, we shall say no more about it. 只要你能理解，我们就不说什么了。 You may use the room so long as you keep it clean. 你可以使用这个房间，只要你能保持干净 You may use the room so long as you keep it clean.三、 由in case 引导In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 如果他在我回来以前到，请让他等等我。【注】在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the money. 请等一下，我就去拿钱。学科网（北京）股份有限公司