初中英语句子结构精讲精选课件.ppt

关于初中英语句子结构精讲第一页，本课件共有51页一、句子成分一、句子成分v（一）句子成分的定义：（一）句子成分的定义：v构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。v句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；v主要成分有主语和谓语；主要成分有主语和谓语；v次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和语、同位语和插入语插入语。第二页，本课件共有51页二）主语：二）主语：v主语主语(Subject)表示句子表示句子说说的是什么人或什么事的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：和主语从句等表示。例如：第三页，本课件共有51页1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）第四页，本课件共有51页7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第五页，本课件共有51页（三）谓语（三）谓语v谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：v1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.第六页，本课件共有51页（三）谓语（三）谓语vv2、复合谓语：、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词现在分词,过去分词构过去分词构成。如：成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第七页，本课件共有51页（四）表语（四）表语v表语表语(Predicative)v用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。v表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：语从句表示。例如：第八页，本课件共有51页1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）（数词）第九页，本课件共有51页6.Hisjobisto teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）（动名词）8.Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）（副词）10.Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）第十页，本课件共有51页注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，例如：例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.第十一页，本课件共有51页注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达表达结果是结果是;证明是证明是，之意，之意，例如：例如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.第十二页，本课件共有51页（五）宾语（五）宾语v宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第十三页，本课件共有51页4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第十四页，本课件共有51页v宾语种类宾语种类：v（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：直接宾语），例如：Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.v（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：宾补），例如：vTheyelectedhim their monitor.第十五页，本课件共有51页v下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：等，如：Herefusedto lend me his bike.第十六页，本课件共有51页v下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，等，如：如：Johnhasadmittedbreaking the window.第十七页，本课件共有51页v下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。等。vforgettodo表示表示“未发生的动作未发生的动作”，forgetdoing表示表示“已完成的动作已完成的动作”。如：。如：vDontforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(还没来还没来)vIforgotreturningthebooktohim.v(书已还给他了书已还给他了)v第十八页，本课件共有51页（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语v宾语补足语（宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），用），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：当。例如：第十九页，本课件共有51页1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）第二十页，本课件共有51页（七）定语（七）定语v修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由以下等成分表示：定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词（分词）3.Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）（名词）4.His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）（代词）第二十一页，本课件共有51页5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）（动名词）7.Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)第二十二页，本课件共有51页（八）状语（八）状语v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第二十三页，本课件共有51页4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）第二十四页，本课件共有51页9种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainat six?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）第二十五页，本课件共有51页vShecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.9.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第二十六页，本课件共有51页（九）同位语（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.（十）插入语（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.第二十七页，本课件共有51页(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分，4分钟)Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.第二十八页，本课件共有51页(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分，10分钟)Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfastTomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book第二十九页，本课件共有51页三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCDHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCDSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCDTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCDTheymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCDGoacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCDYouwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCDTheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.ABCD第三十页，本课件共有51页(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分，5分钟)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCDWhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCDTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDSoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCDShewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD第三十一页，本课件共有51页(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分，6分钟)TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCDWhatisyourgivenname?ABCDOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCDIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCDIamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!ABCD第三十二页，本课件共有51页(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分，6分钟)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABCDHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCDShefounditdifficulttodothework.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDDidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?ABCD第三十三页，本课件共有51页(七)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABCDEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCDThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.ABCDWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCDShelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCDIamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ABCDThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD第三十四页，本课件共有51页(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分，5分钟)Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?第三十五页，本课件共有51页练习练习一一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial第三十六页，本课件共有51页v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.v8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.v9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.第三十七页，本课件共有51页v14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?v15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.v16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?v17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.v18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.v19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.v20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative第三十八页，本课件共有51页划分划分句子成分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.第三十九页，本课件共有51页9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.AprilDayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.第四十页，本课件共有51页17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?第四十一页，本课件共有51页25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.第四十二页，本课件共有51页33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.第四十三页，本课件共有51页二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：vIhopeyouareverywell.Imfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandImhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.第四十四页，本课件共有51页vAlthoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesntoftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.第四十五页，本课件共有51页三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：vMostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.Itsgreat!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idont,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.第四十六页，本课件共有51页四、选择填空：v()1._willleaveforBeijing.vA.NowtherethemanvB.ThemanherenowvC.ThemanwhoisherenowvD.Themanisherenowv()2.Theweather_.vA.wetandcold B.iswetandcoldvC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcoldv()3.Theappletasted_.vA.sweetsB.sweetlyvC.nicelyD.sweet第四十七页，本课件共有51页v()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.vA.lately B.latevC.latestD.latterv()5.Theactor_attheageof70.vA.deadB.diedvC.dyedD.dyingv()6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.vA.We,usB.Us,wevC.We,ourD.We,we第四十八页，本课件共有51页v()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.vA.crowdB.crowdingvC.crowdedD.crowdedlyv()8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.vA.itsB.itvC.thatD.thatis第四十九页，本课件共有51页v()9.Thedog_mad.vA.looks B.islookedvC.isbeinglookedD.waslookedv()10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.vA.thatB.whenvC.inwhichD.where第五十页，本课件共有51页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看2/28/2023第五十一页，本课件共有51页