英语语法-句子成分和句子类型.ppt
句子成分和句子的基本类型句子成分和句子的基本类型Grammar句子成分句子成分主主 谓谓 宾宾 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语 状语状语 补语补语同位语同位语主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的的“主语主语”、“谓语谓语”、“宾语宾语”吗吗?因此这是个典型的因此这是个典型的“主谓宾主谓宾”句型。句型。Ibeatyou.主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语SVO主语主语(Subject)主语是动作的主体部分主语是动作的主体部分在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者I I teach you English.teach you English.在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者You are beaten.You are beaten.主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。Twelve divided by four is three.Twelve divided by four is three.（数词）（数词）（数词）（数词）主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。What I want to doWhat I want to do is join the party.is join the party.SmokingSmoking is harmful to your health.is harmful to your health.To learn EnglishTo learn English is difficult.is difficult.谓语谓语(Predicate)谓语谓语 表示一个动作、行为，是由表示一个动作、行为，是由动词动词充当的。充当的。I teach you English.一个句子能不能没有谓语一个句子能不能没有谓语?谓语谓语不能不能宾语宾语(Object):宾语的分类：宾语的分类：动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。I love I love youyou.介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。I want to give this book to I want to give this book to youyou.宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。He told me He told me that he felt lonelythat he felt lonely.He likes He likes swimmingswimming.介词补语介词补语介词补语介词补语动宾动宾介宾介宾定语定语(Attributive):定语的作用定语的作用用于修饰、限定名词或代词。用于修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？充当。定语一般由？充当。a beautiful girl定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。a pencil box定语定语形容词形容词定语定语(Attributive):定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。Those Those who want to learn English wellwho want to learn English well should should study harder than others.study harder than others.an an interestinginteresting book booka meeting a meeting to attendto attend定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。充当。The man The man over thereover thereThe books The books on the shelfon the shelf状语状语(Adverbial)状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。的成分。状语一般由副词充当。状语一般由副词充当。Those problems are pretty hard.形容词也可以充当状语。形容词也可以充当状语。Happy to see him,she forgot everything.状语状语(Adverbial)介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。充当状语。They managed to finish the job before Monday.（介词词组）（介词词组）The old man sat on the bench,enjoying the sun-set.（现在分词词组）（现在分词词组）As he was leaving the office,it started to rain.（时间状语从句）（时间状语从句）补语补语(Complement)补语是用于补充说明补语是用于补充说明主语主语或或宾语宾语的的身份或特征。身份或特征。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。I am a teacher.(S C)Dont leave me alone.(O C)主语补语主语补语宾语补足语宾语补足语PSPS：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称“表语表语”。Notice:这是一句这是一句“SVC”句型不是句型不是“SVO”补语补语(Complement)副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以都可以在系动词后在系动词后充当补语充当补语(也称表语也称表语)。Time is up.(adv.)Time is up.(adv.)They are in the classroom.(prep.)They are in the classroom.(prep.)The place is where we first met each other.The place is where we first met each other.副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以充当宾语补足语。充当宾语补足语。She laid the baby on the bed.(prep.)She laid the baby on the bed.(prep.)I saw him rushing into the classroom.I saw him rushing into the classroom.同位语同位语(Appositive)同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.friends.名词性从句也可以充当同位语名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象（修饰抽象名词为多）名词为多）The news The news that he went abroadthat he went abroad surprised me.surprised me.句子的基本类型句子的基本类型根据不同的谓语动根据不同的谓语动词，我们可以把句词，我们可以把句子分成五大种七大子分成五大种七大类。类。我们用我们用S表示主语，表示主语，V表示谓语，表示谓语，O表示表示宾语，宾语，C表示补语，表示补语，A表示状语。表示状语。谓语为不及物动词谓语为不及物动词谓语为连系动词谓语为连系动词谓语为及物动词谓语为及物动词谓语为能带双宾的谓语为能带双宾的及物动词及物动词谓语为能带复合宾谓语为能带复合宾语的及物动词语的及物动词基本句型一基本句型一SV、二、二SVA这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为不及物动词。均为不及物动词。SV句型句型 They have arrived.SVA句型句型The famous writer lived in the 18th century.比较比较SV和和SVA句型句型区别在于状语区别在于状语A是不是不可或缺的：是不是不可或缺的：如果没有状语句子仍能被理解，这如果没有状语句子仍能被理解，这是是SV句型。句型。如果没有状语句子不能被理解，这如果没有状语句子不能被理解，这是是SVA句型。句型。基本句型三基本句型三SVC这个句型的特点是谓语动词为连系这个句型的特点是谓语动词为连系动词。动词。He is an excellent teacher.表语还是宾语？表语还是宾语？千万记住：表语！千万记住：表语！基本句型四、五基本句型四、五这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为及物动词。词均为及物动词。SVO句型句型 I love you very much!SVOA句型句型 I put the bottle on the desk.SVO 句型与句型与SVOA句型句型的区别在于的区别在于A是否必是否必须存在！须存在！不能缺少！不能缺少！可以省略！可以省略！基本句型六基本句型六这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接复合宾语结构。以接复合宾语结构。SVOC句型句型 I saw him rushing out of the room.OC可以看作复合宾语！可以看作复合宾语！基本句型七基本句型七这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接双宾语。以接双宾语。SVoO句型句型 I gave him the book.I gave the book to him.辨清直接和间辨清直接和间接宾语接宾语!能放在介词后的宾语能放在介词后的宾语为间接宾语！为间接宾语！判断下列各句句子的基本句型判断下列各句句子的基本句型1.Mr Black is English.2.The teacher taught us some grammar rules.3.The farmer dug up the soil.4.She found her ring lost.5.She left her job unfinished.SVCSVOoSVOSVOCSVOC判断下列各句句子的基本句型判断下列各句句子的基本句型6.The great poet lived in the 18th century.7.She introduced her friends to us.8.The tape-recorder is on the desk.9.The guests have just arrived.10.She laid the baby on the bed.SVAThe EndThank you for your attending!
