综合教程第四册Alienation-and-the-Internet1.ppt

Alienation and the InternetWill BakerTeachingProcedures1.Pre-readingdiscussion2.Structuralanalysisofthetext3.Textcomprehension4.languageworkPaynewyearcall/visitaddictionInternet addiction:on line related compulsive behavior-biggest cause of juvenile crime.Chinas Internet Users Top 137 MillionPre-readingQuestions1.Forhowmanyhoursadaydoyouthinkapersonhastostayonlinebeforeheisreckonedtobeanetworm?Isitgoodtobeone?Whyorwhynot?2.Whatdoyouusuallydoonline?Whatattractsyoumost?HowdidtheinternetChangeyourlife?Hasitchangedyourlifeforthebetterorworse?StructuralAnalysisoftheTextPartI:theopeningpartPartII:theargumentpartPartIII:theconclusionpartTrytofindoutthetopicalsentenceininthefirstpartandtheconcludingstatementinthelastpart.TextComprehensionPartITheintroductionwheretheauthorstateshisthesis:theInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.Question 1 What is the authors long cherished position about the strong points of the Internet?Question 2 What is the negative side of the Internet?Question3 How did the author start his argumentation?DifficultSentencesandStructures1.Giventherelativelyfewrestrictionsgoverningaccessandusage,itisthecommunicationsmodalequivalentofinternationalwaters.(para.1)given:ifonetakesintoaccountparaphraseBecausetherearefewrestrictionsongettingonandusingtheInternet,communicatingwiththeInternetisliketravelingthroughinternationalwatersinmode.ButmuchlesswidelyreportedhasbeenthenotionthattheInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers.(para.2)invertedstructureforemphasispButithasbeenmuchlessdiscussedthattheInternethascausedthebreakingofsocietybecauseitseparatespeoplefromeachother.Languageworkinpart11.Giventherelativelyfewrestrictions(para1)given:(prep.)ifonetakesintoaccounte.g.Giventheirinexperience,theyvedoneagoodjob.+thatGiventhattheyreinexperienced,theyvedoneagoodjob.如果他年轻时能接触到更多的书，他一定能成为一个大作家。Givenenoughaccesstobooksinhisyouth,hewouldsurelyhavebecomeagreatwriter考虑到发动机的状况，它能启动就已经是奇迹了。2.Accessn.Ameansofapproaching,entering,exiting,ormakinguseof;passage.Theactofapproaching.Therighttoapproach,enter,exit,ormakeuseofE.g.Theonlyaccesstothevillageisbyboat.Themainaccessto(=entranceto)thebuildingisattheside.Theonlyaccesstothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack.Thetaxinspectorhad/gainedcompleteaccesstothecompanyfiles.Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivetheuserquickandeasyaccesstotherequiredinformation.Vt.Reach,approachEg.Thedatacanbeaccessedeasily.accessibleadjectiveabletobereachedoreasilyobtained:Theresortiseasilyaccessiblebyroad,railandair.TheproblemwithsomeofthesedrugsisthattheyaresoveryaccessibleAccess,entrance,admissionAccess:meansofentering,meansorrightofreachingorobtaining.Entrance:theacetoenteringorjoining,e.g.TheentranceofuniversityAdmissionAllowingorbeingallowedtoenterorjoin:E.g.AdmissiontotheuniversityFinding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _.A.entrance B.admission C.access D.entryTheentrancedoorgivesaccesstoalivingroom.3.Equivalent(para1):(adj.)equalinvalue,measure,force,effectorsignificancebeequivalenttoThemiseryofsuchapositionisequivalenttoitshappiness.(n.)somethingequalinvalue,measure,force,effectorsignificancee.g.awordwithnoequivalentinEnglishWhatistheequivalentoffiftypoundsindollars?一只价格相当于一年工资收入的新冰箱。4.fragmentationfragment（para.2)fragment:to(causeto)breakintopartsorsmallpiecese.g.Aftertheelection,thecoalitionfragmented.Thegovernmentisplanningtofragmenttheindustrybeforeprivatizingit.Thevasewasfragmentedinshipment.ThesatellitewillfragmentandburnupasitfallsthroughtheEarthsatmosphere.Theinterruptionfragmentedhisargument.5.Alienate(para.2):cause(someone)tofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometosomeoneelse她的愚蠢行为使她的朋友同她疏远了。Shewasalienatedfromherfriendbyherfoolishbehavior.Herfoolishbehavioralienatedherfromherfriend.这份报纸的变化疏远了它传统的读者。Allthesechangestothenewspaperhavealienateditstraditionalreaders.我们最好还是不要与同事们疏远。他离间那两个朋友的企图失败了,因为他们彼此完全信任。PartIIThemainbodyoftheessaywheretheauthorengagesintheargumentationforhisthesis.Questionstobeconsidered1)WhatistheauthorspurposeofcitingtheexampleofhisfriendinParagraph3?Howistheexamplerelatedtohisargument?2)Whenandhowdidthefragmentationofsocietyprobablybegin?3)Whatisthe“cruelirony”concerningtheuseoftheInternetmentionedinParagraph4?4)Inparagraph5,whydoestheauthornarratehisownstory?5)Whatisthemainideaofparagraph6?6)WhydoestheauthordiscussthequestionwhethertheInternetisarealplace?LanguageworkinPart25.Addicted(para.3):beingdependentonsomethingandwantingtospendasmuchtimedoingitaspossiblebeaddictedtoaddictoneselftoe.g.Shesbecomeaddictedtolovestories.有些年轻人不可救药地迷上了电子游戏。Someyoungstersarehopelesslyaddictedtovideogames.麻醉品会使人上瘾。Drugsareaddicting.6.feltlikeanalcoholic,inthatmoderateuse(para.3)inthat:becauseinthat（引导的状语从句通常置于主句之后，而不放在句首）e.g.Swimmingishealthful,inthatalmosteverymuscleinthebodyisbeingexercised.because引导的状语从句则可置于主句之前或置于主句之后Becauseheissoshy,heseldomgoesoutwithgirls.=Heseldomgoesoutwithgirlsbecauseheissoshy.I have not known this fellow to be given to exaggeration(para 34)Grammar:negation transfer;shift of negation1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。IdontthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idontbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having)Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否 定 状 语)蚂 蚁 不 只 是 为 自 己 采 食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthat mans younger brother saw her and wasstruckbyherbeauty.(否定状语manyweeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。7.skew(para.4):causetobenotstraightorexact;twistThecompanysresultsforthisyearareskewedbecausenotallourcustomershavepaidtheirbills.今天的选举将使结果向有利于民主党的方向倾斜。TodayselectionwillskewtheresultsinfavoroftheDemocrats.8.itprobablybeganinearnestafter(para.4)in(real)earnest:seriously;inadeterminedwaye.g.Hesettleddowntostudyinearnestfortheexamination.坚定决心认真坐下来复习准备考试e.g.我相信当他说要娶她的时候是严肃诚恳的。Imsurehewasinearnestwhenhesaidhewantedtomarryher.e.g.Awordinearnestisasgoodasaspeech.话不必多说，有诚意就行。adj.诚挚的；认真的Itis my earnest wish that you use this money tocontinueyoustudyofmusic.Robertisaveryearnestyoungman;youcantrusthim.9.Attheexpenseof(para.4):atthesacrificeofTheorchestrahasmoredisciplinenow,butattheexpenseofspirit.他完成了那工作，但损害了健康。Hefinishedthejobattheexpenseofhishealth.他最后取得了胜利，缺失去了一生最宝贵的爱情和友谊。10whichmightfosterasenseofcommunityintheirvillages(para.4)Tobringup;nurture:E.g.bearandfoster(nurture)offspring.To promote the growth and development of;cultivate:E.g.detectandfoster(advance)artistictalent.Tonurse;cherish:E.g.fosterasecrethope.Fosteradj.Providingparentalcareandnurturetochildrennotrelatedthroughlegalorbloodties:E.g.fosterparents;fostergrandparents;afosterhome.asimulatedwargame:aimitatedwargame一个模拟的战争游戏Simulate:v.Imitate模拟，假装simulatedeath装死adj.(=simulated)假装的,模仿的;拟态的simulaterain人工降雨11.Itstruckusthatingenerationspast(para.4)Itstruckusthat:itoccurredtomethat/wesuddenlyrealizedthatItstruckmethatyoumightlikesomecoffee,soIvebroughtsomeup.第二早上我突然想起这套公寓没有淋浴设备。Thenextmorningitstruckmethattherewasnoshowerintheflat.AterriblethoughtstruckmehadIlockedthedoor?我立刻想到了这个解决方法。“Icanunderstandnow,astheysurfthewebsomefolksmightbeconfrontedwithcognitiveoverload.”beconfrontedwith：meetfacetoface;setfacetofaceoverload:n.v.toputmoreinformationthanonecancopewith;toladtooheavily使超载，使过载，过重的负担sheisoverloadedwithghoststoryandsheisafraidofstayingathomealoneatnight.Cognitivemeansrelatingtothementalprocessinvolvedinknowing,learning,andunderstandingthings.adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的Chineseversion:但是，就我个人的经历，我能够理解有些人在网上冲浪时面临着知识过载。11.theconverseistrue(para.6):theopposite(n.)Itispossible,ofcourse,thattheconverseofthistheorymayalsobetrue.在美国，汽车要沿路的右边行驶，而在英国正好相反。IntheUS,carsaredrivenontherightsideoftheroad,butinBritaintheconverseapplies.aconversewind/inaconversedirection(a.)V.Toengageinaspokenexchangeofthoughts,ideas,orfeelings;talk.Heswillingtoconversewithanyoneaboutthequotationsonthestockmarket.Iconversedwithheronacertainproblem.我与她讨论某一问题。PartIIITheconcludingpartwheretheauthorreiterateshispointthatonlywhenwemakeamoderateuseoftheInternetcanwefullyrealizeitspotentialwithouthavingoursenseofrealityskewed.Question 1 According to the author,what underlies the trend of overusing the Internet in our society?Question2 Does the author believe it is within human capacity to reap the benefit of the Internet without being penalized?Thiswouldallowustomaximizeitspotentialwithoutlosingoursenseofplace.Achieving balance in our lives would allow us to make the fullest use of the Internet.Itseemstomethatweareasocietythatvaluesimmediategratificationaboveallelse,andwhatbetterplacetoachieveitthanincyberspace,wherethecyber-worldisyourcyber-oyster.I think that in our society the top priority is given to the satisfaction of ones immediate needs.The internet is the best tool for this purpose,for on the Internet one can do what ever he likes to.gratificationn.Itisagratificationtoknowthat.得知.实在是让人欣喜的事Yourapprovalgivesmemuchgratification.承蒙认可,我非常高兴。Theguidereceivedagratification.这个向导收到了一笔酬金。oysterTheworldissb.soyster.人生最得意最有前途的时刻。ascloseasanoyster嘴很紧(as)dumbasanoyster沉默不语;守口如瓶(as)freshasanoyster强壮的;精力充沛的;充满青春活力的LanguageworkinPart3TheabsolutestructureThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout20000sivilpennies,allof_over600yerasold.A.whichB.thatC.itD.themallofthemover600yearsold是代词短语（allofthem）介词短语（over600yearsold）构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语，对前面的内容加以补充说明，其作用相当于并列句andallofthemwereover600yearsold或者一个非限制性定语从句:allofwhichwereover600yearsold。独立主格结构(theabsolutestructure)1)Nightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance.(黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。)2)Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach,hisheadrestinguponhisleftforearm.(他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。)3)Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。)Utopia(乌托邦)TomasMore,1516IdealstateAnideallyperfectplace,especiallyinitssocial,political,andmoralaspects.Animpractical,idealisticschemeforsocialandpoliticalreform.Rhetoricalfeaturesofthetextantonyms-reinforcethecontradictionTrytoselectthepairsofantonymsoutofthetext.Discusstheirstylisticfunctions.metaphor