初三英语总复习学案名词.doc

初三英语总复习学案 名词【考点】 1、名词的单复数；2、名词所有格；3、名词的修饰语；4、易用错的名词【重点知识讲解】一、名词的数：可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词是指那些能够用数来计量的名词，如：dog, bus, boy ,piece等；反之则为不可数名词，如；water, milk, coffee, information等。 2、可数名词的复数形式： 1）规则变化（请同学们自己复习并巩固） 2）应注意的问题： a、以元音字母加 y结尾的，直接加-s;如：day, boy, play 等； b、以o结尾的，加-es, 如：hero, patato, tomato, 但zoo, radio, photo等则要在词尾加-s。. c、不规则变化（希望同学们能从中找出规律来，你试试，你肯定能！） man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese mouse-mice penny-pence d、有些名词只有复数形式。如；clothes, trousers, glasses, thanks, pants 等 e、有些复合名词变成复数时，只将复合名词的主体名词变为复数，如： boy student-boy students banana tree -banana trees bus driver -bus drivers 等。但，由man 和woman构成的合成名词，变复数时要将名词及 man 或woman 都变成复数。如： man teacher-men teacher woman doctor -women doctor f、名词+man (woman)构成的复合名词其复数形式通常与简单名词一样，即把man(woman)改成men(women)， 如：Englishman-Englishmen policewoman-policewomen 但：German-Germans g、有些名词形似复数，实际作单数用。如：maths, physics, politics等。 h、有些名词形式上是单数形式，但意义上是复数。如：people, police等。 i、关于国人变复数有记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余 s 加后面。二、名词的所有格： （一）名词所有格是名词的一种形式，它是通过名词词尾的变化形式来表示名词的所有关系，名词的所有格分为有生命名词的所有格和无生命名词的所有格。有生命的名词所有格的规则变化如下：（1）单词名词的加's， 如Ann's teacher, an hour's work， the girl's excuse（2）以s/es结尾的复数名词所有格只加，如the students' books （3）不以s/es结尾的复数名词所有格加's, 如the women's room, Children's Day（4）表示两人共有时，只在后一个名词后加's,如：Lucy and Lily's mother, （5）当两人不共有某人或某物时，两个名词都要使用所有格形式，后边所修饰的名词用复数形式，如 Tom's and Lily's mothers (6)独立所有格，即以“s”所有格修饰的名词可以省略。所有格所修饰的名词在上下文中出现过，或表示某人的家或住宅，或表示教堂、学校等公共场所或表示公司、店铺等。如：at the doctor's at the grocer's (7)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用s'。如：a twenty minutes' walk ten miles' journey today's paper China's population (二) of 所有格 如果是无生命的，在表示所有关系时，就要用“名词+of +名词”这样的所有格来表示。如：the photo of my family the name of your school（三）双重所有格： 当名词前有两层所有格时，多使用双重所有格，结构是：把一个名词所有格放到of 短语里，这种结构用来突出局部，表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”的意思。 eg. This is a picture of my friend's 这是我朋友的一张照片(指很多照片中一张) I know some friends of my brother's .我认识我哥哥的一些朋友(朋友中的一部分) 注：a photo of me 我的一张照片（我的像） a photo of mine 我的一张照片（照片属于我，但不是我的像）三、名词的修饰语 1、可数名词的修饰语有：数词、不定冠词、(a) few、several、a great number of 、 many、dozens of 、hundreds of 等。 2、不可数名词的修饰语：much,(a) little,a bit of 、a bottle of 、a kilo of 等。 3、可数名词与不可数名词的共同修饰语：some、any、a lot of 、lots of、plenty of 等。四、易用错的名词：exercise,work , job, fun, news, advice, informantion, experience, orange, life, voice, sound, noise等。【针对性练习】 ? ) 1.Look,Those three _are talking with the three _. A.Englishmen,Germen B.Englishmans ,Germans C.Englishmen, Germans D.Englishmans ,Germen ? ) 2.What's in the _?There are some _and _in them. A.photos,potatos,radios B.photos, potatoes, radios C.photoes, potatos, radios D.photos, potatoes, radioes? ) 3.There are _on the table. Would you like to drink some? A.two milk B.two bottles of milk C.two bottle of milk D.two bottles of milks? ) 4.There are about twenty _in the room.They are having a party there. A.people B.sheep C.worker D.farmer? ) 5._mothers couldn't go to the meeting.Because they've gone to?S. A.Li Lei and Lucy's B.Li Lei's and Lucy's C.Li Lei and Lucy D.Li Lei's and Lucy? ) 6. It is over _from Shi Jiazhuang to Beijing. A.three hours' drive B.three hour's drive C.three hours drives D.three hours drive? ) 7.Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of _,you may disturb others. A.voice B.noise C.sound D.singing? ) 8.I've read _sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B.pieces C.two pieces D.two pieces of ? ) 9.Mrs Jenny gave us _on how to learn English well . A.some advices B.many advices C.some advice D.an advice? ) 10.It will be National Day in a few _. A.month's time B.months time C.months' time D.month time? ) 11. Time is up.Now please hand in your test _,boys and girls. A.paper B.papers C.piece of paper D.pieces of paper? ) 12.This is _that all of us believe it's very important. A.such useful information B.so useful an information C.so useful information D.such a useful information? ) 13. Can I help you? I'd like _for my twin daughters. A.two pair of shoes B.two pairs of shoe C.two pair of shoe D.two pairs of shoes? ) 14.Jenny's shoes were worn out.She wanted to buy a new _. A.shoe B.shoes C.one D.pair? ) 15.-Whose dictionaries are these? - They are the _. A. twins' B. twin C. twins D. twin's? ) 16.Miss Smith is a friend of _. A.Mary's mother's B.Mary's mother C.mother's of Mary D.Mary mother's? ) 17.Ten years has passed. I found my parents had _. A.much white hair B.some white hair C.a little white hairs D.a few white hair? ) 18.It is a _to shake hands with a friend when people meet for the first time in many countries. A.habit B.custom C.practice D.idea? ) 19. Two _students in our school will go to the beach for the vacation. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of ( ) 20.Wu peng won the girls _race in the school _meeting last week. A.100 meters ,sport B.100-meters, sports C.100 meter, sport D.100-meter, sports( ) 21.There are only five _in my hospital. A.man doctor B.men doctors C.men doctor D.man doctors( ) 22. _is made of _. A.A glass ,glass B.Glasses ,glasses C.Glass,glasses D.A glass,glasses( ) 23.A group of _have been caught by the police . A.thief B.thiefs C.thiefes D.thieves( ) 24.Is this dictionary sent by _? A.a friend of your brother B.a friend of your brother's C.your brother friend D.your brother friend's( ) ?5._are sitting at the table. A.Turners B.Turner's C.The turners D.turners( ) 26. How much _ would you like to buy? A. apples B. bread C. books D. sheep( ) 27. What _ weather it was yesterday! A. bad B. a bad C. an bad D. the bad( ) 28. Students shouldn't be always busy doing their _in the classroom. They should do more _ on the playground A.exercise; exercise B. exercise;exercises C. exercises; exercise D. exercises;exercises( ) 29. Linda's Chinese is better than _ in her class. A. anyone's else B. anyone else's C. anyone else D. anyone's else's( ) 30. Last night,there was a fool accident.Ten _were ill,but no _ were lost. A. child;lives B. children;life C. children;lives D.child;life( ) 31.Children should make _ for ole people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room( ) 32.-How's Joy's skirt? -Her skirt si more beautiful than _. A. her sister's and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and kate's D. her sister's and kate's( ) 33. The restaurant is so popular here.Look ,there are so many _here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter( ) 34. -Excuse me,could you tell me where the nearest post office is ? -The nearest post office ? You will have to walk_. A. 500-metre away B. 500 metre far C. 500 metres further D. 500-metre-far away( ) 35. There are three_assistants in that shop. A. women shoe B. woman shoe C. woman shoes D. women shoes