无人值守安装linux系统(kickstart).docx

无人值守安装Linux系统 kickstart工具关于无人值守方式安装系统，每个厂商都有各自的软件与机制，下面就关于红帽公司（RedHat）系统的kickstart技术进行详细的说明。Kickstart是一个利用Anconda工具实现服务器自动化安装的方法；通过生成的kickstart配置文件ks.cfg，服务器安装可以实现从裸机到全功能服务的的非交互式（无人值守式）安装配置。1 使用kickstart优势：Ø 流线化自动化的安装；Ø 快速大量的裸机部署；Ø 强制建立的一致性（软件包，分区，配置，监控，安全性）Ø 减少人为的部署失误2 无人值守部署系统的结构（C/S）：3 部署配置(Server端)1.2.3.3.1.3.1 安装配置dhcp服务Ø 安装dhcp软件包rpm -ivh dhcp-4.1.1-19.P1.el6.x86_64.rpmØ 修改dhcp配置文件vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf（rhel6.1系统）DHCP配置文件实例：ddns-update-style interim;ignore client-updates;allow booting;allow bootp;subnet 172.21.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 range 172.21.0.100 172.21.0.110; option routers 172.21.0.200; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server 172.21.0.200; filename "pxelinux.0"Ø 重启dhcp服务service dhcpd restartØ 修改dhcp服务的启动项chkconfig dhcpd on3.2 安装配置tftp服务Ø 安装tftp服务rpm -ivh xinetd-2.3.14-31.el6.x86_64.rpm（tftp软件包的依赖包）rpm -ivh tftp-server-0.49-5.1.el6.x86_64.rpmØ 修改tftp配置文件vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp=TFTP配置文件实例：service tftp socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot -c（增加-c选项） disable = no（把yes修改为no） per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4=由以上信息得知/var/lib/tftpboot为tftp服务的根目录位置Ø 重启xinetd服务/etc/init.d/xinetd restart3.3 安装配置syslinux服务Ø 安装syslinux软件包rpm -ivh mtools-4.0.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm（syslinux软件包的依赖包）rpm -ivh syslinux-4.02-4.el6.x86_64.rpmØ b、拷贝pxelinux.0文件到tftp目录中rpm -ql syslinux |grep "pxelinux.0"（找出pxelinux.0文件的位置）cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/（把pxelinux.0的文件拷贝到tftp的根目录中）3.4 复制linux内核文件到tftp服务的根目录中cp isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/（把rhel6.1光盘的isolinux文件中的所有文件拷贝到tftp服务的根目录中）cd /var/lib/tftpboot/（进入tftp根目录中）mkdir pxelinux.cfgmv isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/defaultvi default=default配置文件实例：default linuxprompt 1timeout 60display boot.msgF1 boot.msgF2 options.msgF3 general.msgF4 param.msgF5 rescue.msgmenu background splash.jpgmenu title Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1!menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffffmenu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000label linux menu label Install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz append ks=nfs:172.21.0.200:/share/install/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img（应答文件存储位置nfs共享文件夹中）label vesa menu label Install system with basic video driver kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodesetlabel rescue menu label Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescuelabel local menu label Boot from local drive localboot 0xfffflabel memtest86 menu label Memory test kernel memtest append -=3.5 安装配置nfs服务Ø 安装nfs服务rpm -qa |grep nfs（默认情况下nfs已经安装完毕）Ø 创建nfs共享mkdir /share/install（根据自己的实际情况进行设定）cp /media/rhel6.1/* /share/installvi /etc/exports=exports配置文件实例：/share/install * (ro,sync)=Ø 重启nfs服务service rpcsvcgssd restartservice nfs restartØ 检测nfs共享状态showmount -e localhostØ 设置nfs服务启动项chkconfig nfs on3.6 配置kickstart的应答文件基于系统自带的配置文件进行修改cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /share/install/ks.cfgchmod a+r /share/install/ks.cfgvi /share/install/ks.cfg=ks.cfg配置文件实例：# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.#version=DEVELinstallnfs -server=172.21.0.200 -dir=/share/install（第一处修改）lang en_US.UTF-8keyboard uskey -skip（增加一项）network -onboot=on -bootproto=dhcp -device eth0（第二处修改）rootpw -iscrypted $6$E4MDxbyTP29uEBJ.$EoLlx0sAUr9FDCOSPA2R4XnSQ3jeTVPgZjtZWBvxhPhjAXuVCBTiibYpC6Z8FBjwd7s/JoBE2lxUs2I1Ta8mu1firewall -disabled（第三处修改）authconfig -enableshadow -enablemd5（第四处修改）selinux -disabled（第五处修改）timezone Asia/Shanghaibootloader -location=mbr -driveorder=sda -append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"# The following is the partition information you requested# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is# not guaranteed to workclearpart -all -drives=sda -initlabel（第六处修改）part /boot -fstype=ext4 -asprimary -size=1024（第七处修改）part / -fstype=ext4 -size=20480（第八处修改）part swap -size=1024（第九处修改）%packagesbaseclient-mgmt-toolsconsole-internetcoredebuggingdirectory-clienthardware-monitoringjava-platformlarge-systemsnetwork-file-system-clientperformanceperl-runtimeserver-platformserver-policypaxpython-dmidecodeoddjobsgpiocertmongerpam_krb5krb5-workstationperl-DBD-SQLite%end=4 客户端配置在客户机中配置网卡启动即可