2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破20阅读理解(社会生活类)11800.pdf

1 专题 20 阅读理解（社会生活类）1.D【2019全国 I】During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are“most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,kindness,openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.32.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.2 D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.34.What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.35.What is the best title for the text?A.Be Nice-You Wont Finish Last B.The Higher the Status,the Beer C.Be the Best-You Can Make It D.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness【答案】32.C 33.A 34.B 35.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，对人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的积极影响。生活中，与人为善，待人慷慨，定会受到欢迎和回报。32.C 推理判断题。由第一段“During the rosy years of elementary school,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）”可推知，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind 不友善的；lonely 寂寞的；generous 慷慨的；cool 冷静的，故选 C。33.A 段落大意题。第二段中临床心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。本段内容分别对 the likable 和 the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的人的分类，文中 sort.into.对应答案的 classification。故选 A。34.B 推理判断题。由第四段“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知，心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 的研究表明，讨人喜爱的矮子，适应性更强，故选 B。35.A 主旨大意题。通过全文内容可知，文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。这些人可爱，慷慨大方，适应能力强，A 项指出“对人好一点，最终，你的收获无穷无尽”符合本文中心。故选 A。2.C【2019全国 II】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtels“me”time.And like more Americans,shes not alone.3 A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book.Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“Its a chance for self-reflection,You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over.Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demerit，whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Table manners.D.Restaurant service.29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.30.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.Hes fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.Hes familiar with the barkeeper.4 31.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.【答案】28.B 29.C 30.D 31.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一份新的调查发现，越来越多的人选择独自一个人吃饭。本文分析了这种现象背后的深层次原因。28.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有 46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有 74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选 B。29.C 细节理解题。根据第三段 A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.Today,I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel 一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选 C。30.D 推理判断题。根据第四段 he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知 Mazoleny 喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选 D。31.A 主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选 A。3.B【2019浙江卷】Money with no strings attached.Its not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,Give What You Can,Take What You Need.People quickly caught on.And while many took dollars,many others pinned their own cash to the board.“People of all ages,races,and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took,”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox,which created the project.We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.Most of the bills on the board were singles,but a few people left fives,tens and even twenties.The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a$20 bill pinning it to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most,is that they were full of smiles,”Bridges said.“Theres a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.Most people who took 5 dollars took only a few,but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign,Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all,everyone has bad days and good days,he said.“Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”24.What does the expression money with no strings attached in paragraph 1 mean?A.Money spent without hesitation.B.Money not legally made.C.Money offered without conditions.D.Money not tied together.25.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?A.Women tended to be more sociable.B.The activity attracted various people.C.Economic problems were getting worse.D.Young couples needed financial assistance.26.Why did Bridges carry out the project?A.To do a test on peoples morals.B.To raise money for his company.C.To earn himself a good reputation.D.To promote kindness and sympathy.【答案】24.C 25.B 26.D【解析】文章介绍了 Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。24 C 句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can.Take what you need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选 C 项。25.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句、第三句 People of all ages,racesWe even had a bride可以推断知，作者用“新娘”也来参与该活动来说明参与人员的多样性，故选 B 项。26 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句 Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy，并结合全文可知，Bridges 开展这个活动的目的在于传递“慷慨和同情之心”，故选 D 项。6 4.C【2019北京】The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these“solutions(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理)and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this years I/O Conference,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother s name，and far more.Armed with this knowledge.theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means.for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller s，ricking you into confirming your address，mothers name，and card number.Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images,showing when and who they were made by.or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like Face Time or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose,and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.38.How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.39.taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can_.7 A.aim at victims precisely B.damage databases easily C.start campaigns rapidly D.spread information widely 40.What does the passage imply?A.Honesty is the best policy.B.Technologies can be double-edited.C.There are more solutions than problems.D.Credibility holds the key to development.41.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology【答案】38.D 39.A 40.B 41.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自动语音电话给人们生活带来的负面影响。文章首段提出越来越多的人拒绝未知号码的电话的现象，而紧接下来的两段又进一步阐述了这类电话带给人们的危害的原因，并在倒数第二段阐述了具体解决方案，并得出结论。38.D 观点态度题。根据文章的整体内容以及第一段中的“Unfortunately,its too little,too late.”可知，作者对于语音电话问题的解决持“失望的”态度。故选 D。39.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Armed with this knowledge,theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.”可知，利用新技术，骗子能够“准确地瞄准受害者”。故选 A。40.B 判断推理题。根据整篇文章的内容来看，文章阐述了语音电话作为新技术带给人们便利的同时也产生了诸多危害，因此这篇文章意指“Technologies can be double-edged.技术可能是一把双刃剑。”故选 B。41.C 主旨大意题。文章首段提出越来越多的人拒绝未知号码的电话的现象，而紧接下来的两段又进一步阐述了这类电话带给人们的危害的原因，因此文章的最佳标题应该是“Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous 为什么语音电话越来越危险”。故选 C。5.D【2019天津】Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was 8 Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）.And the story poses an interesting question:why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark.Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视等同于）“commitment”with such“caring”occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.5