六级语法状语从句(8)12775.pdf

更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 六级语法 八、状语从句 熟悉九大类状语从句以及各种状语从句的连接词，了解各种易混从句之间的区别以及各自的使用场合。一、中文译成英文 1.Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and (与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低).(08.12)2.In handling an embarrassing situation (没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).(07.12)3.The antivirus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).4.Leaving ones job,(不管是什么工作),is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.5.I am going to pursue this course,(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).6.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果你方便的话).Key 1.a lower death rate compared with those who dont 2.nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor 3.until a doctor discovered it by chance 4.no matter what job it is 5.no matter what sacrifices I have to make 6.if it is convenient for you 二、听力对话理解 1.(06.06)A To the dentists.B To the market.C To the post office.D To the bookstore.M:Can you stop by the post office and get me some envelopes and 39 cents stamps?W:Well,I am not going to stop by the post office,but I can buy you some at the bookstore after I see the dentist on Market street.Q:Where will the woman go first?2.(10.06)AThe speakers will dress formally for the concert.B The man will return home before going to the concert.C It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.D The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.M:Honey,Ill be going straight to the theatre from work this evening.Could you bring my suit and tie along?W:Sure,its the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city,so suit and tie is a must.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?Key 1.【分析】选A。对话中女士通过时间状语从句(after I see the dentist on Market street.“我看完牙医之后再为你买书。”)可知女士首先要去的地方是牙科诊所。2.【分析】选A。对话中女士通过结果状语从句(so suit and tie is a must.“由于国家交响乐团第一次在我们城市演出，所以一定要穿西装打领带。”)表明他们两人会穿着正式地去参 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 加音乐会。用来作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句一般由连词引导，也可以由词组引起。When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。时间状语从句 No matter how shrewd a businessman is,it is impossible that he has never lost money.再精明的生意人也不可能从不亏钱。让步状语从句 状语从句根据其作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句。地点状语从句引导词的总结 引导词 例示 where Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。wherever We must camp wherever we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。everywhere Everywhere they went,they were kindly received.anywhere Ill take you anywhere you like.我将带你到你喜欢的任何地方。真题难句 If systems are set up properly,staff can have access to all the resources they have in the office wherever they have an internet connection.(09.12 阅读)【分析】复合句。if 引导条件状语从句。they have in the office 是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 resources。wherever 引导地点状语从句。【译文】如果恰当地设置通讯系统，雇员在任何可以联网的地方都可以获得和在办公室中获得的一样的资源。方式状语从句引导词的总结 引导词 例示(just)as 如 When at Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。(just)as,so 正如，所以 Just as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun,so no lies can cover up the fact.乌云遮不住太阳，谎言掩盖不了事实。as(so)像那样的 As you like music,(so)I like poetry.as if/though 好像 He looks as if he had been hit by lightning.他那样子就像被闪电击了似的。however 不管用什么方法 Arrange your hours however you like.你可以以你喜欢的任何方式来安排你的时间。like 像一样 Dont talk to me like you talk to a child.according as 取决于 They are paid according as how well they work.他们是按工作情况的好坏来领取工资。the way的方式 I shall do the job the way my father did.what Air is to men what water is to fish.(=Air is to men as water is to fish).我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。形成固定句式 A is to B what C is to D 典型难句 Al Gore calls global warming an“inconvenient truth”,as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.【分析】复合句。主句为 Al Gore calls global warming an“inconvenient truth”。as if 意为“仿佛/好像似的”，引导方式状语从句时谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。put us on a path to a solution 意为“找到解决之道”。【译文】阿尔戈尔将全球变暖称作一个“不愿面对的真相”，好像仅仅认识到全球变暖便能找到解决之道似的。目的状语从句引导词的总结 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 3 引导词 例示 that 以便，为了 Well start early that we may arrive in time.我们早点动身，以便准时到达。so（that 以便，为了 Take this medicine so （that）you can recover soon.吃了这药，以便你康复得更快。in order that 以便 She raised her voice loud in order that she might be heard.她提高音量以使人能听见她。lest 以防 He wrote the name down lest he(should)forget it.他把名字写下来，以防忘记。注意从句中的虚拟语气 in case 以防，以免 Take an umbrella,in case it rains.for fear that 以防 He is working hard for fear that he should fail.to the effect that以便，为了 He put on his glasses to the effect that he could look at it to the end that 以便，为了 We will do our best to the end that no lives may be lost.for the purpose that 为了 She spoke very slowly for the purpose that we could follow her.她讲话很慢，以便我们都能跟上。to the intent that为了 The company spent a lot of money on ad.to the intent that their products will become famous.in the hope that 期望 They did various jobs in the hope that they may buy a house.典型难句 A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.【分析】句中的 so that 引导目的状语从句，该从句中又包含 as long as 引导的让步状语从句，withoutand without为状语。【译文】组织各项活动应努力使参与者积极主动地参与其中，而后接着做其他事情，而不使他们有所愧疚，也不让别的参与者气馁。结果状语从句引导词的总结 引导词 例示 so that 结果 He didnt abide by the contract,so that he was fined.他没有遵守条约，因此被罚了款。sothat 如此以至于 He was so excited that he could not fall asleep.他太激动以致不能入睡。so 因此 It was dark so I couldnt see very well.so 引导结果状语从句多用于口语或非正式文体中 such that如此以至于 He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.他的演讲这么鼓舞人心，大家都非常激动。to such a degree that 如此以至于 She was too tired to such a degree that she couldnt walk on.to such an extent that 如此以至He was mad to such an extent that he beat his mother.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 于 to the extent that 以致，结果 Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes.with the result that 结果 Sara wasnt at school last week,with the result that she missed an important test.so much so that如此以至于 She is poor,so much so that she has to go begging.她很穷，穷得不得不去讨饭。but that以致，结果 She is not so old but that she can read.她并非老到不能读书。典型难句 Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition,and that informing them risks destroying their hope,so that they may recover more slowly,or deteriorate faster,perhaps even commit suicide.【分析】本句为多重复合句，其主干为“Studies show that”。宾语从句中又包含两个由 that引导的宾语从句，分别是“that the seriously ill do not want”和“and that informing them”；so that 在此处引导的从句表示结果。【译文】研究结果表明，大多数医生深信身患重病的人不想知道自己的真实病情，如果将真实病情告诉他们，有可能使他们完全失去希望，从而导致病情恢复得慢或恶化得更快，甚至会自寻短见。sothat 和 suchthat 的用法结构总结如下 结构 例示 so+形容词(副词)+that The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。so+形容词+a(an)+名词+that It was so hot a day that even the crops withered.天气极度炎热，连庄稼都枯萎了。such+a(an)+形容词+名词+that It was such a hot day that even the crops withered.天气极度炎热，连庄稼都枯萎了。比较状语从句引导词的总结 引导词 例示 than 比 Light travels faster than sound（does）.光传播的速度比声音快。(not)asas(不)像一样 We will give you as much help as we can.我们会尽可能地帮助你。(not)the same as(不)同一样 My stand on the case is just the same as it was 4 years ago.在这件事上的我的立场同 4 年前一样。not so much as与其说 倒 不 如说，是不是 The great thing in this world is not so much where we stand as in what direction we are moving.人生的意义不在于你目前身在何处，而在于你心向何方。no lessthan同一样 he is no less active than she sued to be.她仍像过去一样积极。=She is as active as she used to be.Sno morethan与不一样 The whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸不是鱼，正如同马不是鱼一样。not morethanThis book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书更有趣。更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 不像一样 Thethe越越 The higher you go,the less dense air becomes.你爬得越高，空气就会变得越稀薄。真题难句 Then,as we stepped off the ride,he shrugged and,in a distressingly calm voice,remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides hes been on.(06.12 阅读)【分析】多重复合句。主句为 he shrugged and remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides hes been on。第一个 as 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”，in a distressingly calm voice 是插入的状语。that 引导宾语从句，作 remarked 的宾语。not as as 意为“不如，不及”，引导比较状语从句，省略从句谓语 were。hes been on 是一个省略 that 的定语从句，修饰 rides。【译文】然后，当我们从过山车上下来的时候，儿子耸耸肩，用平静但有点不爽的口气说，这并不比他以前坐过山车更刺激。【补充拓展】1.考生应牢牢掌握以上所列结构的用法，这些正是阅读理解中出题人的题眼所在，即出题人往往在这些考生容易产生误解的长难句处设题。2.注意短语 no more than,not more than 与 no morethan,not morethan 不要产生理解上的混淆。no more than=only，意为“不过，只有，仅仅”，表示的是嫌少的意味；not more than=at most,意为“不超过，至多”，表示的是客观的说明。I have no more than two pens.我只有两支钢笔。I have not more than two pens.我的钢笔不超过两支。时间状语从句引导词总结 引导词 例示 as As the time went on Einsteins theory proved to be correct.when Can you spare me 5 minutes when its convenient?while While I stayed in France,I made many friends.after He changed his address after he left Beijing.before It may be many years before the situation improves.since Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China.once We didnt know how wed cope once the money had gone.by the time(that)截止到 By the time he was 10,he had begun to made his living.注意当从句用过去时，主句则用过去完成时。directly,immediately,instantly I went home directly I had finished work.as soon as 一就 As soon as I arrive in America,Ill write to you.注意当主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。no soonerthan一就 No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.规则：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。主句需倒装。hardly/scarcelywhen一就 We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.Hardly had I got home than it began to rain.规则：放句首时主句需倒装，主句需用过去完成时，从句需用一般过去时。the instant/minute/moment We hadnt met for 20 years,but I recognized her the moment I saw her.any/next time Please come here any time you are free.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 6(ever)since Its been years since I enjoyed myself so much.We have been friends ever since we met at school.soon/shortly after Soon after he arrived,he began to work at school.till/until The baby didnt stop crying until the mother came in.the first/second time(that)The first time I saw him,I fell in love with him.every/each time 每次 Each time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.whenever I told him to come back whenever he wants to.真题难句 It is important to point out that students also need to have a deep understanding of their own culture before they can begin to observe,analyze and evaluate other cultures.(09.12 听力)【分析】多重复合句。句子的真正主语是不定式 to point out，句首的 it 只是形式主语。that引导宾语从句，其中包含了一个 before 引导的时间状语从句。【译文】需要指出的重要一点就是学生们在能够开始观察、分析、评价外国文化之前，同样需要对自己国家的文化有深入的了解。条件状语从句引导词的总结 引导词及例示 If-If winter comes,can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Unless-Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.if only 但愿，要是就好-If only I had known it,I wouldnt have troubled him.only if 只是当时（才）-Only if we persist in carrying out the opendoor policy will we achieve greater success in every field.once 一旦-China will shake the world once it awakens.in case 假如，以防-Ill leave you my phone number in case you want to contact me.but that 要不是-She could not have believed it,but that she saw it.so that 只要-So that it be done,I dont care who does it.only that 如果不是-The sunset is charming,only that it is near dusk.夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。as/so far as 至于，就而言-So far as I know,there is no such word in Chinese.as/so long as 只要-As long as it doesnt rain,we can play.according as 如果-According as I have the money,I will travel.in the event that 如果的话-In the event that our team wins,there will be a party.on condition that 条件是，只要-You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.on the assumption that 假定-I work on the assumption that the money will come through.on the understanding that 如果-I lend him money on the understanding that he paid it back soon.on the supposition that 假定-He planned his talk on the supposition that his hearers would be students.given(that)如果，假定-Given she is interested in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her.providing/provided(that)假如-Well visit Europe next year provided we have enough money.suppose/supposing(that)假如-Suppose you had a million pounds,how would you spend it?assuming(that)假如-Assuming he worked hard,he will be sure to pass the test.imagine that 设想-Imagine that you are in his place,how would you act?真题难句 Assuming that your teacher is neither biased nor corrupt and that her system conforms to school rules,you cant fault her ethics.(10.06 阅读)更多资料 学英语 找长喜 7【分析】复合句。and 连接两个并列的由 assuming that 引导的条件状语从句。第一个条件从句中有一个 neithernor 结构。注意主句中的 fault 是动词，表示“找茬”。【译文】假如说，你的老师既不偏心也不腐化，且她的方法符合学校的规定，你就不能够指责她没有职业道德。【补充拓展】A.so/as long as 引导条件状语从句，相当于 only if，意为“只要”。B.as long as 还可以作“之久”讲。在阅读理解文章中要注意根据上下文来判断 as long as 的意义。Keep it as long as you can.你能把它保留多久，就保留多久。in case 的意思是“万一，以防”；in that case 的意思是“若是情况如此”，大家要区分二者在意义上的细微差别，不要错译。Take some money with you in case you want to buy something.带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。In that case,he would be punished.若是情况如此，他将会受到惩罚。原因状语从句引导词的总结 引导词及例示 Because-I didnt go,because I was afraid.as 既然-As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.since 既然-Since we dont have class now,why not sing a song?For-He must be ill,for he is absent today.now(that)既然-Now that the semester is finished,Im going to rest a few days and take a trip.in that-Liquids are like solids in that they have a definite volume.for fear lest 因恐-He whispered for fear lest his son should hear.for fear(that)以免-Shut the window for fear(that)it may rain.in as much as 因为，既然-In as much as we have all the materials ready,we should begin the new task at once.in so far that 因为，既然-Criticism and selfcriticism is necessary in so far that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.on the ground(s)that 基于-He disliked her on the ground(s)that she is lazy.on account of the fact that 由于-I eat icecream so much on account of the fact that I like sweet food.owing to the fact that 由于-Owing to the fact that I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman.for the reason that-I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.by reason that-She looked down on him by reason that he was poor.considering(that)考虑到-They did the job very well,considering that they had no experience.seeing(that)鉴于-Seeing(that)the weather is bad,well stay at home.that 因为-He felt ashamed that he had done so little.whereas 鉴于-Whereas the incidents have occurred,we should be cautious.真题难句 Every American who hopes to“make it”also knows the fear of failure,because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the havenots,the stars and the anonymous crowd.(05.12 阅读)【分析】复合句。主句为 Every American also knows the fear of failure。who hopes to“make it”是定语从句，修饰 Every American。because 引导原因状语从句。the haves and the havenots和 the stars and the anonymous crowd 是平行结构，都作 between 的宾语。更多资料 学英语 找长喜 8【译文】每个渴望成功的美国人同时也害怕失败，因为成功的神话不可避免地意味着在有钱人和穷人、名人和普通人之间的比较。owing to,due to,thanks to,because of 也表原因，但不能接从句，只能接短语来作状语，而不能引导状语从句。让步状语从句引导词的总结 引导词及例示 although/though-I had a very good time though I didnt know anybody at the party.even if/though-Even if/though you say so,I do not believe it.if 即使-If he is poor,he is very honest.他虽穷，但很正直。as 尽管-Child as he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.asas 尽管-As popular as he is,the president hasnt always managed to have his own way.(as)much as 尽管-Much as I admire his courage,I dont think he acted wisely.尽管我钦佩他的勇气，但是我认为他的行动并不明智。while/whereas 虽然，尽管-He is experienced while/whereas he is young.他虽然年轻，但却很有经验。for all(that)尽管-For all(that)he has made mistakes,he is still a noble man.assuming(that)即使，就算-It was an exciting game,assuming no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。admitting(that)即使-Admitting(that)it is so,you are still in the wrong.即使情况如此，你还是错了。granting/granted that 即使-Granting that he has ability,it doest not mean that he can do the work