六级阅读第一讲2711.pdf

1 六级阅读第一讲 一、阅读三大原则 1、先题后文原则 2、顺序原则（主旨题除外）3、定位金三句原则 二、关键词特征 1、2、3.、关键词一定要：三、应试类阅读理解 阅读：_原则 理解：_原则 题型分类：主旨 1.主旨题（10%，主题对象和逻辑）2.态度题（10%，谁的态度看清楚）细节 3.细节题（40%，定位准确不盲目）4.推理题（20%，只推一步表想多）5.语义题（20%，再猜也在三句内）逻辑走向 顺关系：顺承、罗列、举例、因果 反关系：转折、让步、对比 注：反关系：顺关系：真题：2 The first paragraph describes in detail_(2007.6)The use of deferential（敬重的）language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman,which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan.This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background,subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head.She is a dutiful daughter,wife,and mother,master of the domestic arts.The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy;she“treads softly（谨言慎行）in the world”,elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.A)the standards set for contemporary Japanese women.B)the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan.C)the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families.D)the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow.6.What do we learn about new science Ph.D s in the United States today?(2013.12)There was a time not long ago when new science Ph.D.s in the United States were expected to pursue a career path in academia(学术界）.But today,most graduates end up working outside academia,not only in industry but also in careers such as science policy,communications,and patent law.Partly this is a result of how bleak the academic job market is,but theres also a rising awareness of career options that Ph.D.scientists havent trained for directlybut for which they have useful knowledge,skills,and experience.Still,theres a huge disconnect between the way we currently train scientists and the actual employment opportunities available for them,and an urgent need for dramatic improvements in training programs to help close the gap.One critical step that could help to drive change would be to require Ph.D.students and postdoctoral scientists to follow an individual development plan(IDP).A)They lack the skills and expertise needed for their jobs.B)They can choose from a wider range of well-paying jobs.C)They often have to seek jobs outside the academic circle.D)They are regarded as the nations driving force of change.3 关键词组阐释 end up doing stop doing 以做什么而告终 停止正在做的事 结果变成 最后发展成 end up working outside academia 结果跑到学术界外找工作 Eg:Wasteful people usually end up in debt.挥霍浪费者最后往往负债。Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.大多数减肥的人最后又发胖了。四、正确选项特征 1、定位准确:金三句（前句定位句后句）2、改写正确：（1）实词可以在原文找到对应（同义改写）（2）限定语不能随意增减 把归因为 credit to attribute to ascribe to 使接触 expose sb to 52.What do we learn from the first paragraph?(2013.6)The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated.Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent,as 598,000 jobs were slashed from U.S,payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December,1974.With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months,there is urgent desire to 4 boost the economy as quickly as possible.But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.A)The U.S.economic situation is going from bad to worse.B)Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs.C)The U.S.government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls.D)The recent economic crisis has taken the U.S.by surprise.62.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?（2012.06）People are being lured（引诱）onto Facebook with the promise of a fun,free service without realizing theyre paying for it by giving up loads of personal information.Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.B)It makes money by putting on advertisements.C)It profits by selling its users personal data.D)It provides loads of information to its users.五、干扰选项特征 1.拼凑细节 2.无中生有：原文从未提到（但一定和主题相关）无中生有 忠于原文 特别注意：未提及的常识和真理绝对不能选。六、段落题 1、特征 题干明确面向一个或几个段落提问 题干常问整段大意、或从整段归纳及推理 题干问的某信息在某段中出现多次 例如 5 What do we know from the last paragraph?We can infer from the first paragraph that _.What do we learn from the first few paragraphs?At the beginning/end of the passage,the author suggests that _.2、解法 常考察段落重点句信息 首末对应原则：段落首句、末句信息 段中逻辑原则：段中转折、递进等强调性逻辑处的信息 论点至上原则：论点论据区分明显的，答案常来自于论点句 52.What can we learn from the first paragraph?(2011-6)At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question:are immigrants good or bad for the economy?The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad.Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration,both legal and illegal,provides a small net boost to the economy.Immigrants provide cheap labor,lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes,and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets.So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality?A)Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.B)The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story.C)The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.D)The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.52.What can we learn from the first paragraph that _(2009-6)For hundreds of millions of years,turtles(海龟)For hundreds of millions of years,turtles(海龟)have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches,long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them,or GPS satellites and 6 marine biologists to track them,or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings(幼龟)down to the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead.A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines.With all that attention paid to them,you d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.Ahuman activities have changed the way turtles survive Befforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out Cgovernment bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinction Dmarine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproduction