考研英语阅读unit-712818.pdf
Unit 7 Man proposes,God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。学习内容 题 材 词 数 建议时间 得分统计 做题备忘 Part A Text 1 商业经济 390 /10 Text 2 科普知识 411 /10 Text 3 社会生活 461 /10 Text 4 社会生活 436 /10 Part B 科普知识 502 /10 Part C 文化教育 402 /10 Part A Directions：Read the following texts.Answer the questions blow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Text 1 A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America:management phobia.Many people dont want to be manager,and many people who are managers are itching to jump off the management trackor have already.“I hated all the meetings,”says a 10-year award-winning manager,“And I found the more you did for people who worked for you,the more they expected.I was a counselor,motivator,financial adviser and psychologist.”With technology changing in a wink,we can never slack off these days if were on the technical side.Its a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job,too.In addition,with Scott Adams popular cartoon character as well as many television situation comedies routinely portraying managers as morons or enemies,they just dont get much respect anymore.Supervising others was always a tough task,but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards.Along with a sizable pay raise,people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks:stock options,company cars,club memberships,plus the key to executive washroom.But in todays global,more competitive arena,a manager sits on an insecure perch.Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies.There are far fewer rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to climb.In addition,managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim financial paybacks and perks.In an age of entrepreneurship,when the most praised people in business are those launching something new,management seems like an invisible,thankless role.Employers are looking for people who can do things,not for people who make other people do things.Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs.With more people wary of joining management,are corporations being hurt or worrying about developing future leaders?No many are.While employers have dismissed a lot of managers,they believe a surplus lingers on at many companies.“Another reason companies arent short of managers”,contends Robert Kelley,a Carnegie Mellon University business professor,“is that so many workers today are self-managed,either individually or via teams,you dont need a manager.”1.The words of 10-year award-winning manager implies that A managerial jobs demand more hours and offer more headaches.B managers should not do too much beyond the scope of his job.C being a manager requires many other skills besides management.D a person can get a lot of development in a management role.2.The word“perk”(Line 3,Para.3)probably means A privileges.B status.C mobility.D rungs.3.Which one of the following statements applies to todays managers?A Their stress can be reduced by the financial and emotional rewards.B They begin to neglect their development on the technical side.C They dont feel secure in their positions because of the reduction in company hierarchies.D They are not respected any more by the media despite of their hard efforts.4.Which skill do employers value most in this age of entrepreneurship?A Management.B Creativity.C Cooperation.D Diligence.5.The last paragraph suggests that A the loss of interest in the managerial jobs would damage American corporate culture.B more and more managers would be laid off in order to relieve the financial burden.C those who are still lingering on managerial jobs are not foresighted.D many employees are to some extent a manager of themselves.Text 2 Mans puzzlement and preoccupation with time both derive ultimately from his unique relationship to it.All animals exist in time and are changed by it;only man can manipulate it.Like Proust,the French author whose experiences became his literary capital,man can recapture the past.He can also summon up things to come,displaying imagination and foresight along with memory.It can be argued,indeed,that memory and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence;that mans ability to manipulate time,to employ both past and future as guides to present action,is what makes him human.To be sure,many animals can react to time after a fashion.A rat can learn to press a lever that will,after a delay of some 25 seconds,reward it with a bit of food.But if the delay stretches beyond 30 seconds,the animal is stumped.It can no longer associate reward to“far”in the future with present lever-pressing.Monkeys,more intelligent than rats,are better able to deal with time.If one of them is allowed to see food being hidden under one of two cups,it can pick out the right cup even after 90 seconds have passed.But after that time interval,the monkeys hunt for the food is no better than chance predicts.With the apes,mans nearest cousins,“time sense”takes a big step forward.Even under laboratory conditions,quite different from those they encounter in the wild,apes sometimes show remarkable ability to manipulate the present to obtain a future goal.A chimpanzee,for example,can learn to stack four boxes,one atop the other,as a platform from which it can reach a hanging banana.Chimpanzees,indeed,carry their ability to cope with the future to the threshold of human capacity:they can make tools.And it is by the making of toolsphysical tools as crude as a stone chopper,mental tools as subtle as a mathematical equationthat man characteristically prepares for future contingencies.Chimpanzees in the wild have been seen to strip a twig of its leaves to make a probe for extracting termites from their hole.Significantly,however,the ape does not make this tool before setting out on a termite hunt,but only when it actually sees the insects or their nest.Here,as with the banana and the crates,the ape can deal only with a future that is immediate and visibleand thus halfway into the present.6.The sentence“Like Proust,recapture the past”(Line 1,Para.2)shows that A Proust wrote about past experiences.B Proust described mans development of time sense.C Proust discovered things about the future by reliving the past.D Proust wrote primarily to improve his future life.7.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Monkeys and apes are almost as intelligent as man.B Memory and foresight contribute to intelligence.C Man developed from apes.D Chimpanzees sense of time is as good as mans.8.The word“stump”(Line 3,Para.3)most probably means A confuse.B inspire.C frighten.D disappoint.9.It is significant that chimpanzees make tools,but it is more important that A the tools they make are crude.B they stack items to make platforms.C they can make up simple equations.D they never make tools before they need them.10.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?A How apes understand time relationships.B Mans preoccupation with past and future events.C How mans time sense separates him from animals.D Time sense in animals.Text 3 Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child.There are numerous reasons for making an adoption plan.Birth parents may feel they cannot take on the responsibility of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide proper care.They do not feel ready or able to be good parents.In other cases children are in need of adoption because courts have decided that their birth parents are unable to function adequately.Many of these children are victims of abuse or neglect.Regardless of how children come to need adoption,they are put with adoptive parents through private or public social service agencies.Other adoptions may be arranged independently,as when birth parents and adoptive parents come to know each other outside of an agency and then complete the adoption according to the laws and regulations of their states of residence.In the early 1970s there was a dramatic increase in the number of families seeking to adopt,a condition which persists today.For this reason,the number of those who wish to adopt regularly exceeds the number of infants available.Reasons for this dramatic increase are varied.A major factor has been the choice of many people to delay the start of a family until later in life.Many of these people,in turn,have found themselves to be less fertile at that time,and so they have decided that their desire to have children might best be fulfilled through adoption.In every state,however,there are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperately waiting for parents.The children in this group are usually older and often have special needs.They may require additional care from a parent because of their physical,emotional,or mental disabilities which may have been caused by abuse,neglect,or medical or genetic factors.Because of their special needs,these children are challenging to rear.In fact,adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the child and to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society.In cases of international adoption,Americans have adopted orphaned children from places like India,and Latin America.United States immigration laws allow such children to reside in the United States through a special visa under which the children are classified as immediate relatives of the adopting family.The laws,regulations,and attitudes toward international adoption vary a great deal from one country to another.Because of this,people wishing to adopt should use experienced agencies or organizations in order to adopt a child from another country successfully.11.In the authors opinion,adopting children is basically A illegal.B unethical.C unavoidable.D necessary.12.What is the most important reason for the adoption boom in the 1970s?A In the early 1970s,adoption came into vogue among young American couples.B Many women chose adoption for fear that their figure might be adversely affected.C Many people who married late found they were less fertile and had to adopt children.D Due to the baby boom,the American government carried out family planning.13.By saying“children who areparents”(Line1-2,Para.4),the author means that A few people would like to adopt these children for they are hard to rear.B the children were eager to be loved by their birth parents.C these children wait for their birth parents desperately.D their birth parents abandoned them but these children still loved them.14.According to the text,international adoption A occurs more often than adoptions of American infants.B mostly involves European orphans.C should be done through experienced agencies.D should be banned right away.15.The text intends to tell us A how to adopt a child.B why and how Americans adopt children.C the history of child adoption.D the significance of adopting children.Text 4 Aristotle wrote that men come together in cities to live,but stay in them to live the good life.It was the Greeks who invented the idea of the city,and urbanity continues as a thriving tradition.But in the first decade of the 21st century,urban life is changing.“Cities are now junctions in the flows of people,information,finance and freight,”says Nigel Harris,a professor of development planning.“Theyre less and less places where people live and work.”The enlargement of the European Union in December in 2002 has given residents of up to 13 new member nations freedom of movement within its borders.At the same time,an additional 13.5 million immigrants a year will be needed in the EU just to keep a stable ratio between workers and pensioners over the next half century.All this mobility will make Europes cities nodes of nomadism,linked to each other by high-speed trains and cheap airline flights.The bustle around airports and train stations will make the crowds in Europes great piazza look thin by comparison.Urban designers,with a freshly pricked interest in transience rather than stasis,are even now dreaming up cityscapes that focus on flows of people and fungible uses for buildings.Public spaces are due for a revamp.Earlier architects conceived of train stations as single buildings;todays designers are thinking of them as transit zones that link to the city around them,pouring travelers into bus stations and surrounding shops.In Amsterdam,urban planner Ben van Berkel,co-director of the design firm of UN Studio,has developed what he calls Deep Planning Strategy,which inverts the traditional“top-down”approach:the creation of a space comes before the flow of people through it.With 3-D modeling and animation,hes able to look at different population groups use public spaces at different times of the day.He uses the data to design spaces that accommodate mobs at rush hour and sparser crowds at other times.The growing mobility of Europe has inspired a debate about the look and feel of urban sprawl.“Up until now,all our cultural heritage has been concentrated in the city center,”notes Prof.Heinrich Moding of the German Institute of Urban Affairs.“But weve got to imagine how its possible to have joyful vibrancy in these outlying parts,so that theyre not just about garages,highways and gasoline tanks.”The designs of new building are also changing to anticipate the emerging city as a way station.Buildings have been seen as disconnecting,isolating,defining.But increasingly,the quality of space thats in demand is movement.16.What can be inferred from the second paragraph?A People belonging to the E.U.member states can travel freely within borders.B Immigration to the European Union will benefit the nations welfare.C The flow of people among European nations will cause troubles to transportation.D The mobility of cities in Europe will put urban designers in a dilemma.17.The word“revamp”(Line 1,Para.3)probably means A revival.B revelation.C renewal.D recovery.18.According to Ben van Berkel,the creation of public spaces should A base on information about the flow of people.B come before the people move into the city.C make full use of 3-D animation technology.D take into account the working hours of the inhabitants.19.Prof.Heinrich Moding indicates that A the lifestyle and culture of a city should change because of peoples mobility.B the suburbs will no longer be the places for garages and highways in the future.C the cultural environment will be more attractive than the locational factors.D the suburbs will be more prosperous in the future than the city center 20.The main idea of the text is A the modern cities wont be places to live the good life so much as way stations.B Aristotles idea
