定语从句III限制性和非限制性定语从句.ppt
定语从句定语从句(限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性和非限制性定语从句)概概 念念1.限限制制性性定定语语从从句句是是先先行行词词在在意意义义上上不不可可缺缺少少的的定定语语,如如果果去去掉掉,主主句句的的意意思思就就不不完完整整或或失失去去意意义义。这这种种从从句句和主句关系十分密切,和主句关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。2.非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句和和主主句句关关系系不不是是很很密密切切,只只是是对对先先行行词词作作些些附附加加说说明明,如如果果去去掉掉,主主句句的的意意思思仍仍然然清清楚楚。这这种种从从句句和和主主句句,写写时时往往往往用用逗逗号号分分开开。译译法法上上译译成成先先行行词的定语词的定语“的的”,通常译成主句的并列句。,通常译成主句的并列句。1)I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我们办公室惟一被邀请的人。我是我们办公室惟一被邀请的人。(如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了)(如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了)2)Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界都踢足球。足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界都踢足球。(如果把从句部分去掉,句子意思仍然清楚)(如果把从句部分去掉,句子意思仍然清楚)1.The man has a son who is a doctor.(只有一个儿子)(只有一个儿子)2.The man has a son,who is a doctor.(其中一个儿子当医生)(其中一个儿子当医生)How many sons does the man have?【跟踪演练跟踪演练】非限制性定语从句的引导词非限制性定语从句的引导词关系代词有关系代词有which,who,whom,whose,as;关系副关系副词有词有when,where。1.This is a beautiful bike,which was bought by my father as a birthday gift.2.2.This is a pretty flower,whose name I dont know.3.3.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing,where a conference was to be held.1.He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.2.He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.【跟踪演练跟踪演练】判断正误判断正误注意:注意:that不引导非限制性定语从句不引导非限制性定语从句(对)(对)(错)(错)which和和as引导的非限制性定语从句的区别:引导的非限制性定语从句的区别:1.意义不同意义不同He made a long speech,as we expected.正如我们期望的,他作了一次很长的演讲。正如我们期望的,他作了一次很长的演讲。He made a long speech,which was unexpected.他作了一次很长的演讲,这出乎意料。他作了一次很长的演讲,这出乎意料。总结总结:as译为译为“正如,正像正如,正像”,常在主动句中作宾语,在,常在主动句中作宾语,在被动句中作主语,如被动句中作主语,如as is known to all;which代指前面代指前面整个句子,译为整个句子,译为“这这”。2.位置不同位置不同As was reported,three people died in the accident.正如报道的,三个人死于车祸。正如报道的,三个人死于车祸。All the people died in the accident,which shocked everyone.所有的人都死于这起事故,这让每个人都很震惊。所有的人都死于这起事故,这让每个人都很震惊。总结总结:as位置灵活,可以位于句首,也可以位于句中,而位置灵活,可以位于句首,也可以位于句中,而which不能位于句首。不能位于句首。非限制性定语从句的其他形式:非限制性定语从句的其他形式:有些非限制性定语从句可以由名词有些非限制性定语从句可以由名词/数词数词/不定代词不定代词/比较级比较级或最高级或最高级+of which/whom组成。例如:组成。例如:1)Our class consists of 60 students,all of whom like English.2)I have a lot of friends,two-thirds of whom are girls.3)Pass me the book,the cover of which is red.1.(2012全国高考全国高考)That evening,_I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.A.that B.which C.what D.when【解析解析】选选B。考查定语从句。句意。考查定语从句。句意:那天晚上我一直工作到很那天晚上我一直工作到很晚,我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。该空引导非限制晚,我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。该空引导非限制性定语从句性定语从句,在从句中作在从句中作about的宾语的宾语,所以只能用所以只能用which;that不不能引导非限制性定语从句能引导非限制性定语从句;what不能引导定语从句不能引导定语从句;when可以引可以引导非限制性定语从句导非限制性定语从句,但是在从句中只作时间状语。故选但是在从句中只作时间状语。故选B。【高考链接高考链接】2.(2012浙江高考浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,_,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom【解析解析】选选B。考查定语从句。句意:艾伦是一个画鸟和自然。考查定语从句。句意:艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家,由于某种原因,他从社会退隐了。考查非限制性定语的画家,由于某种原因,他从社会退隐了。考查非限制性定语从句,从句,Ellen是先行词,在从句中作主语。解题时,先把插入是先行词,在从句中作主语。解题时,先把插入语语for some reason去掉。故选去掉。故选B。3.(2012福建高考福建高考)The air quality in the city,_is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.A.that B.it C.as D.what【解析解析】选选C。考查定语从句。句意:正如报告所显示的。考查定语从句。句意:正如报告所显示的,在过在过去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。去的两个月里,这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。As“正如,正如,就像就像”引导定语从句,先行词为引导定语从句,先行词为air quality。A项项that不能引导不能引导非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,B项项it不能引导定语从句,不能引导定语从句,D项项what不能引不能引导定语从句。导定语从句。4.(2011北北京京高高考考)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,_,of course,made all the others upset.A.who B.which C.what D.that5.(2011陕陕西西高高考考)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.which B.where C.who D.that6.(2011江苏高考)江苏高考)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.whereC.that D.which7.(2011新新 课课 标标 全全 国国 卷卷)The prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination.A.that B.which C.whose D.what