八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习8941.pdf

现在完成时 一、现在完成时态的结构 have/has(助动词)+done(过去分词)说明：动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种，规则形式同过去式的规则形式。非规则形式需要特殊记忆。可以这样分类：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC AAA cost-cost-cost，hit-hit-hit，let-let-let，read-read-read,put-put-put，set-set-set hurt-hurt-hurt,cut-cut-cut ABB buy-bought-bought，catch-caught-caught，teach-taught-taught,find-found-found，sell-sold-sold stand-stood-stood build-built-built sleep-slept-slept spend-spent-spent ABA come-came-come，become-became-become,run-ran-run ABC break-broke-broken，fly-flew-flown，ride-rode-ridden,take-took-taken，write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken,drive-drove-driven 二、现在完成时态的基本句式 肯定句：主语+have/has+Vpp+其他 否定句：在助动词 have/has 后加上否定词 not 一般疑问句：将助动词 have 或 has 提到句首，肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语have/has.否定的简略回答是：No，主语have/has not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 三、现在完成时态的用法 1、用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在,可以和 already,never,ever,just,before,yet等副词连用。例如：They have left.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)He has seen the film.So he wont go with us.(看电影发生在过去，但现在仍然记得它的内容。)说明：already 与 yet 都有“已经”的意思，但 already 常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework.I havent finished my homework yet.Have you finished your homework yet 2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词 how long 等。例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.Black has lived in China since 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr.Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here 你来这里多久了 注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：I have bought the book for three months.正确：I have had the book for three months.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了 错误：How long has your brother joined the army 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier 四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday last week,.ago,in1990,in October,just now,现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,in the past few years,already,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last,week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married 等。She joined the League three years ago.(加入的动作不是延续的)She has been in the League for three years(since three years ago).(在团内的状态可延续)She has been a League member for three years(since three years ago).是团员的状态可持续)比较 since 和 for since 用来说明动作起始时间“自从”,for 用来说明动作延续时间长度“长达”。在有 for 和 since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词 I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has)been 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和 ever、never、twice 等连用。have(has)gone 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来注意：第三人称”。have(has)been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,how long 等 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海 He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.A.knew B.have known C.must know D.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he .already .never .ever .still 3、Have you met Mr.Li _.Just .ago .before .a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well .changed;good .has changed;better.changed;better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.was;studying .will;study .has;studied .are;studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know .had known .have known .knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I _ twice.will see .have seen .saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States.Really When _ there .will they go .did they go .do they go .have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished.Have;done;finished.Have;done;have finished.will;do;finish 11、His father _ the Party since 1978.joined .has joined .was in .has been in 12、Do you know him well Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.were .have been .have become .have made 13、How long have you _ here About two months.been .gone .come .arrived 14、Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.has begun .had begun .has been on .began 15、It _ ten years since he left the army.Is .has .will .was 16、Miss Green isnt in the office.She_ to the library.has gone .went .will go .has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years.have been in .have been to.have gone to.have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_ A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they 19、has Mr.White been a member of Greener China since he to China A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived 20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university 二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed,_（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000.(提问)_ have they been here 3、The old man _ last year.He _for a year.(die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao_ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_ A）用 have(has)been 或 have(has)gone 填空。A:Where _ Li Fei _ B:He _ to Hainan Island.A:How long _ he _ there B:He _ there for three days.A:When will he come back,do you know B:Im afraid he wont come back recently.A:Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island B:Sorry,I _ never _ there.A:How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place B:He _ there only once.B）用 have/has been to/in,have gone to 的各种形式填空。1)Where is Jack He _ his country.2)John _ England since he came back.3)How long _ have _ this village 4)The Smiths _ Beijing for years.5)_ you ever _ America -Yes,I _ there many times.6)I _ this school since three years ago.A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词 arrive at/in sw.get to/reach sw.be in e/go/move to sw.-be here/be there 1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2)I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back,return be back come/go out be out 1)He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be 1)I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open 1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw.be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married 1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth.do sth.begin be on 1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know 1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in 1)He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the Party/the army be a Party member/a soldier be a member of t the Party be in the Party/the army 1 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.