人教版初二英语上册第十五单元知识点.docx

人教版初二英语上册第十五单元学问点Thanks for the message!单元双基学习目标.词汇学习：answer,telephone,moment,ring,phone,way,photo,story,enough,really,be out,at the moment,by the way,the next day,ring up,message,afraid, cinema, pleasure,harvest .语法学习：1)娴熟把握there be 构造的一般过去式。2)理解并把握Could?的用法。.交际用语：He”s out at the moment. Please ring him.By the way,I don”t think so. See you tomorrow. I”m afraidCould you answer the telephone,please? Could I speak to,please?Could you ask him to call me,please? Is that Lily?Can I take a message?教导迷津单元重点词汇点拨1.message 消息，信息I”ve got a message for Mr Smith.我有了史密斯先生的消息。He asked me to pass her a message.他让我给她带个信儿。【点拨】该词为可数名词，不同于news(不行数名词)。2.answer 答复，接( )Who can answer the question?谁能答复这个问题? Please answer the phone for me.请替我回个 。【点拨】该词亦可作名词，如：make no answer 不答复。3.telephone ， 机I spoke to him by telephone.我用 和他说。May I use your telephone?我能用用你的 吗?I telephoned you yesterday,but nobody answered我. 昨天打 给你，但没人接。I want to telephone to my mother at once.我想马上给我妈妈打 。【点拨】该词也可作动词，其缩写为phone。4.afraid，可怕，生怕(口语)He is afraid of dogs.他可怕狗。第 1 页 共 13 页Don”t be afraid of cats.别可怕猫。I am much afraid of darkness.我格外怕黑。I am afraid we can”t catch the bus.我们生怕赶不上车了。【点拨】该词多用作表语。还要留意 be afraid to do 与 be afraid of的区分， 前者重“不敢做”，后者重“担忧”。5.moment 片刻，瞬间Please wait(for)a moment.请等一会儿。Tell him to come here in a moment.告知他过一会儿到这儿来。I”d like to speak to you for a moment.我愿望和你聊一会儿。【点拨】该词为可数名词，相当于while。6.cinema 电影院There is a cinema near the park.公园边上有个电影院。Where are you going?你去哪儿?I am going to the cinema.我去看电影。【点拨】该词作“电影”讲时，一般前面加the。7.pleasure 开心，快活Reading(Singing)brings me pleasure.阅读给我带来乐趣。I did the work with pleasure.我工作不开心。It gave me much pleasure to hear of your success听.8.ring 给打 ，(钟，铃)响The bell rang for lunch.铃声响了，该吃饭了。The telephone is ringing. 铃响了。【点拨】留意该词的过去式rang 和过去分词rung。9.way 道路，方式，方法说你成功了，我格外快活。Will you tell me the way to the station?能告知我去车站的路吗? The hospital is a long way from here.从这儿去医院很远。This way,please.请往这边走。Thre are many ways of doing it.做这件事有很多方法。【点拨】该词不指具体的路，具体的道路常使用road。10.photo 照片She showed me her photos of England.他给我看英国的照片。This is a photo of my son.这是儿子的一张照片。Let”s take a photo together.让我们一起拍张照。【点拨】留意“照相”常用take a photo(of)。11.story 故事The old man is telling them a story.老人在给他们讲故事。【点拨】讲故事常用tell (a story)。12.harvest 收获(物)，收割They had a big harvest last year.去年他们丰收了。We”ll go to harvest rice next week.下星期我们要去收麦子。【点拨】该词可作名词，也可作动词。作动词相当于get in。13.enough 足够的，充分的We have enough time to do the work ell.我们有足够的时间把工作做好。第 2 页 共 13 页I have enough money to buy food.我有足够的钱买食物。【点拨】该词可作名词、形容词及副词。14.really 真正地，确实You are really wrong.你确实错了。I really do not know.我真的不知道。【点拨】该词为形容词real 的副词形式，其意义相当于indeed。单元词组思维运用1. at the moment 此刻I”m busy at the moment.现在我很忙。【提示】该词组于现在时态。2. pass on 传递They passed on ball to each other.他们相互传球。He passed the job on to me.他把工作交给我。Will you please pass the message on to him?你能把这个消息告知他吗?【提示】该词组中的on 为副词，表示“传递给”，还需加介词 to。on 是副词，代词 it/them 要放其前。3. climb up 爬上Peter is climbing up the ladder.彼特正在往梯子上爬。The monkeys can climb up the tree quickly.猴子能很快爬上树。【提示】up 表示方向，意思是“向上”，有时可以省略。4. ring up 打 给Tom rang you (up)just now.刚刚汤姆打 给你。【提示】该词组用的up 可省去。5.by the way 顺便说(问)一下【提示】该短语为固定短语，不同于in the way on the way (to)等。6.show sts.to sb.把某物给某人看【提示】该短语也可说成show sb.sts.留意短语show sb.around领某人参观。二、学海导航学法指要单元句型思维明晰1. I”m afraidI”m afraid he”s out at the moment.生怕他现在出去了。留意：I”m afraid 常用于口语中，用来表示圆满、内疚以及委婉的否认，也可用来表示有义务做某事。如：Im afraid I can”t help you.生怕我帮不了你的忙。I”m afraid this task is too hard for me.这件工件对我来说生怕太难了。I”m afraid I must do it.生怕我必需做。2. Could you?Kate,could you answer the telephone,please?凯特，接一下 ，好吗?第 3 页 共 13 页could you也是常用口语的句型，用来表示恳求或要求的委婉用语。如： Could you lend me your book?能把书借给我吗?Could you wait half an hour?你能等半个小时吗?3. There be的句型留意：There be 构造，表示“什么地方或时间，存在什么事物”。常用构造的句式是： there+be+名词+地点(时间)。1) 这个构造中的there 是个引词，本身没有词义。be 为谓语动词，be 后的名词为主语，两者的数必需全都。句子最终为地点(时间)状语，这一构造有时态变化。如：There is a blackboard on the wall.墙上有块黑板。There are many desks and chairs in the room.房间里有很多桌椅。There is nobody in the classroom.教室里没人。There is going to be a meeting tonight.今日晚上要开个会。2)主语后有时有一个定语修饰。如：There is a car waiting outside.外面有辆车等着。There are many things to be done.有很多事要做。3)这个构造的否认式是：There be not(或no)。如：There isn”t going to be a meeting tonight.今日晚上不开会。There aren”t any grammar books in the bookcase.书架上没放几本语法书。4)这个构造的疑问式是：Be there?Is there any water left in your bottle?瓶子里还有水吗? Are there any books in the other room?那间房子里有书吗? What is there in the other room?那间房子里有什么?How many students are there in your class?你们班上有多少学生? 5)there be 表示“存在”，have 表示“全部”。试比较：They have five apple trees in the garden.(主语是 they)There are five apple trees in the garden.花园里有 5 棵苹果树。There”s a telephone in every room.每个房间都有 。(强调客观存在) Every room has a telephone.(强调 是每个房间的固定局部)6) 这种构造中的谓语有时不用动词be，而用live,come,stand,seem to be 等。如： Once there lived a king.从前，这儿有个国王。On the second floor,there lived a young man.二楼住着个年轻人。There stands a tree over there.那儿也有棵树。There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Then there came a knock at the door.接着，听到了敲门的声音。There goes the bell.铃响了。7) 当 there be 后列举一系列人或事物时，be 动词是单数或复数，取决于 be 动词后直接接的那个人或事物是单数或复数。如：There is a teacher and two students in the classroom.教室里有个教师和两名学生。There are two shop shops and a bookshop on that street.那条街上有两家鞋店和一个书店。单元难点疑点释疑第 4 页 共 13 页1.Kate,could you answer the telephone,please?凯特，请回 。answer the telephone 意为“回 ”。如：Mary,the telephone is ringing,could you answer it,please玛?你能回 吗?2.7-5-4-double6-2“754662”丽， 铃响了，double 双重的，双倍的。 中各连续有两个数字一样时，如：732995，可以说成： 7-3-2-double9-5。3.I”m afraid he”s out at the moment.生怕他现在不在家。1)I”m afraid 意为“生怕”，表示委婉的否认或把歉等。 I”m afraid I can”t come here.我生怕不能来这儿。2)be out 在外，不在家。如：My mother is out.She is doing some shopping.我妈妈不在家，她去买东西了。3)at the moment 此时，现在。如：The students are playing basketball at the moment.学生们现在正在打篮球。4.He”s at the cinema.他在看电影。at the cinema意为看电影。at 可以与很多名词构成短语。如：at school 上学，at work 上班，at the moment 此刻。5. Can I take a message?我能捎个口信吗?take a message for sb 意为“给捎个口信”。如：She asked me to take a message for you.她让我捎个口信给你。Would you like to take a message for me?你能给我带口信吗?6. Could you ask him to call me,please?你能叫他给我打电个话吗? ask sb.to do sth.意为“要某人做某事”。如：The teacher asked us to stop talking.教师让我们别讲话。7.It”s a pleasure.不必客气。这是一句用于答复别人感谢之意时的礼貌用语。如：Thank you for helping me so much.感谢你给我极大的帮助。It”s pleasure.不用谢。8. Oh,by the way,there was a telephone call for you.嗨，顺便说一下，有人给你打了一个 。by the way 意为“顺便说一下，顺便问一下”。如：By the way,who is your monitor?顺便问一下，谁是班长?By the way,I have something important to tell you顺.事要告知你。9. Is that Li Lei?你是李雷吗?Is that LI Lei? 还可表达为：Is that you,Li Lei?便说一下，我有点重要的打 中，称自己一方为“this”，称对方为“that”，所以在 中问“你是谁”，应说“Who is that?”或“Who is that speaking.”答复时应说：“This is”.或“This isspeaking.”10. We picked lots of apples.我们摘了很多苹果。lots=a lot of很多。lots of 或a lot of既可以修饰可数名语，也可以修饰不行数名词，如：第 5 页 共 13 页I have lots of friends.我有很多朋友。11.A friend gave me a photo.give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.如：He gave me a knife.=He gave a knife to me.12. There ware many apples on the trees.树上有很多苹果。长在树上的一般用on the tree，不是长在树上则用in the tree。如： There are lost of bananas on the trees.树上有很多香蕉。There are some birds in the tree.树上有一些鸟。13. They needed to climb up the trees with ladders.他们需要借助梯子爬上树。1)climb up 意为“爬(上)”。如：The boys climbed up the mountain.孩子们爬上了山。2)with 是介词，意为“用，借助。”如：She writes with a pencil.她用铅笔写字。14. 是There were no enough people，还是 There were not enough people?enough 作为定语使用时，由于它本身是一个形容词，所以必需用副词not，而不是用形容词no 组成否认句。作表语时，也用not 或 is no。如：We have not enough time.我们没有足够的时间。(不能说：We have no enough time.) That is not enough.那是不够的。(不能说：That is no enough.)There was not enough light in the room.房间里光线缺乏。妙文赏析An Old FriendCarol Evdans hated (憎恨，厌烦)to be wrong.If she made a mistake,she could never admit(成认)it.One day,she was walking along the street when she bumped(撞上),into another woman.She looked at the woman very carefully.Then she said,“Kate Foster!Well,well,I haven”t seen you for ten years.” She looked the woman up and down.“But you”ve changed,Kate,”she went on.“You used to be fat but now you”re thin.”She smiled at her,“But you look well and it”s good to see you again.” She took the woman”s hand and shook it.“But,oh,you have changed,”she said.“I”ve never known anyone change so much.You used to have thick hair but now it”s very thin.You didn”t used to wear glasses but now you”re wearing really thick ones.”She smiled at the woman again.“But you”re still the same Kate Foster I used to have coffee with every week.We had some good times,didn”t we ,Kate?”“Excuse me,ma”am,”the woman said,“but my name isn”t Kate Foster.”Carol thought for a minute,then she said, “So you”ve changed your name as well,haven”t you?”第 6 页 共 13 页思维体操.连词成句，然后写成一段疑问句形式，并作确定和否认答复：1.helped,the children,the farmers,last October,pick apples.?.2.a good time,hav,I,last Sunday,on the farm.3.in the classroom,people,were,enough,there.?.4.for you,a telephone call,be,there.?.?.【参考答案】1.The children helped the farmers pick apples last October.Did the children help the farmers pick apples last October?/Yes,they did./ No,they didn”t.2.I had g good time on the farm last Sunday.Did you have a good time on the farm last Sunday?/Yes, I did. No,/I didn”t.3. There were enough people in the classroom.Were there enough people in the classroom?/Yes, there were./No, there weren”t.4. There was a telephone call for you.Was there a telephone call for me?/Yes, there was./No, there wasn”t.请用句中画线词语的反义词(词组)填空：1. Lily is busy. Lucy is.2. Are they all in the same school? No, they go toschools. 3.Here are some good oranges. Throw away thoseones.4.Is it easy to answer? No, it”s too. 5.Does Jim sit in the front row or in therow? 6.Mary is ill. I think she”ll bebefore long.7. This skirt is too dear. Show me aone, please.8. My brother went there last week, and I”ll go thereweek.9. Liu Mei is the first student to get up, but theone to go to bed. 10.Is the shop closed or?11. My answer is right, but yours is.12. Tom stands on the right side. I stand on theside. 13.Are you full or?14.Jim has two boxes. One is full, the other is. 15.My hair is short. Her hair is.16. My sister is short. My brother is.17. It”s very hot in summer and veryin winter. 18.My father always goes to work early. He is. 19.He uses a lift to go up and.20. There are some flowers in front o the house and there are some treesit.第 7 页 共 13 页21. Please remember to finish your homework. Don”tit. 22.I”m going to ask you the question. Can youit?23.I want to buy a knife. Which shopthings like that?24.I start to work at seven in the morning andmy work at five in the afternoon.25. Please take off your old shirt andthe new one.26. Some people are getting on the bus and some people arethe bus. 27.We usually work in the day and go to sleep.28.She has more eggs than you. You haveeggs than she. 29.You have more water than I I havewater than you.30.I think July is the best month and December is themonth in a year.【参考答案】1.free2.different3.bad4.difficult/hard5.back6.well7.cheap8.next9.last10.open11.wrong12.left13.hungry14.empty15.long16.tall17.cold18.never19.down20.behind21.forget22.answer23.sells24.finish25.put on26.getting off27.at night28.fewer29.less30.worst三、智能显示心中有数单元语法发散思维情景对话常见句式小结1. 购物：1) 顾客进店后售货员与顾客打招呼的用语。What can I do for you,sir?请你先生要些什么?Can I help you,madam?I there anything I can do for you?2) 顾客购物时对售货员讲的话。I”d like(to buy)a shirt.我想买一件衬衣。I”m looking for a shirt (for my daughter).我想(给我女儿)买一件衬衣。3)问价与还价。How much is it (are they)?多少钱?That”s much too expensive (dear).Can it be cheaper?太贵了，廉价点好吗? Do you have anything cheaper?有廉价些的吗?4)顾客打算购物时的用语。I”ll take it.我买了。Please give me two kilos of meat.我买两公斤肉。2.问路与指路：1) 问路。第 8 页 共 13 页Excuse me,which is the way to the post office?请问，到邮局怎么走? Excuse me,where is the post office,please?Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the post office? Excuse me,how can I get to the post office?2) 指路。Go along (down)this road 顺着这条路走， Go up this road until you reach/get to顺着这条路始终向前走，直到Take the first turning on the right.在第一路口向右转。Turn right at the first crossing.You”d better take a bus there.你最好乘公共汽车到那儿。 It”s about two kilometers away from here.离这儿大约两公里。3. 邀请与应答：1) 邀请。Will you please come to my party?请你来参与我的晚会，好吗? Would you like to come to my party?Would you please come to my party? I”d like you to come to my party.2) 应答。承受：Yes,I”d like/love to.好的，格外快活(情愿)。Yes,that”s very kind of you.婉拒：I”d love to,but我很想去，可是That”s very kind of you ,but I”m afraid感谢你的邀请，生怕 4.建议与应答：1) 建议Shall we meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面，好吗? Why not meet at the school gate?Let”s meet at the school gate.What/How about meeting at the school gate?2) 应答。Good idea!Great!太好啦! OK.好的5. 供给帮助与应答：1) 供给帮助。Can/May/Could I help you?需要我帮助吗? Is there anything I can do for you?What can I do for you?Would you like some tea?想喝点茶吗?2) 应答。Yes,I can.动脑动手单元力量立体检测第 9 页 共 13 页.要点分析：1. Please write it downthis piece of paper.A. inB.fromC.byD.on2. Therea lot of people in the house a moment ago.A. wasB.wereC.isD.are 3.My mother is busythe supper.A.cookB.cookingC.cooksD.to cook 4.He will be backan hour.A.forB.onC.inD.at5. The door is open.But I rememberit.A.closeB.to closeC.closingD.closed 6.Theresome rice and meat in the bowl just now.A.an easy workB.ahardworkC.hard worksD.hardwork8.Please ask himtalkagain.A.isB.areC.wasD.were 7.Picking apples is.A.not toB.don”tC.don”t toD.to not 9.Could I have some of your(photo),please? 10.My telephone number(be)7620796.【参考答案】1. D。表示“写在纸上”用介词on.2. 考察there be 句型。ago 表示过去，a lot of people 表示复数。3.考察短语be busy doing。4. 考察表示将来一段时间，用介词in。5. 考察remember to do 与 remember doing，后者表示“记得做过某事”。6. C。句中时间状语为just now(刚刚)，因此时态应为过去时，A、B 项中的 be 动词只用于现在时，可排解。联合主语中离be 动词最近的一个some rice 为不行数名词，要用单数形式，因此选C。7. D。work 作名词“工作”讲，为不行数名词，即不能用不定冠词修饰，也没有复数形式，只能选D。8. A。“要求某人做某事”短语为 ask sb.to do sth.，否认形式要在 to 前加 not，即asksb.not to do sth.，因此选A。9. photos。英语中以o 结尾原名词，其复数通常是在词尾+s 或 es，其中在无生命的词后加“s”。如：radios 收音机，pianos 钢琴，photos 照片；在有生命的词后加“es”，如： potatoes 土豆，tomatoes 西红柿，Negroes 黑人，heroes 英雄。10. is。 号码虽为几个数字组成，但是一个整体要视为单数形式。同样，the number of (的数量)这一构造在使用时，其谓语动词也要用单数形式。如：The number of the students is sixty.用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.A train was coming near(quick). 2.They”re from Germany.They are(Germany).第 10 页 共 13 页3.Mike can”t work out the prolbem(easy)