2020年国家开放大学《人文英语3》形考任务((1-8))答案解析.docx

2020 年国家开放大学教育人文英语3形考任务(1-8)答案解析单元自测 1一、选择填空，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 10 分）题目 1 不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干Do you have much experience with caring for babies?.选择一项：A. Yes, I do. I often take care of kids in my free time.B. No, you are freshmen. You should work hard.C. Yes, they are. They are very cute. 反馈解析：本题考核“询问信息”情况下的交际用语。第一说话人询问你是否对照顾baby 有经验，答语应加以证实，所以选A。而B 是建议性的话语，说你是大学新生，要努力学习。C 是说孩子们可爱。正确答案是：Yes, I do. I often take care of kids in my free time. 题目 2正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干Ken did badly in his math test. I'm terribly worried about the result.选择一项：A. I am so happy he is very healthy.B. Well, it is hard to see.C. Come on. It isn't the end of the world.10反馈解析：本题考核“表达别担心”情境下的交际用语。当第一说话人表达对孩子的考试结果担心时，第二说话人可用 Come on. It isn't the end of the world（振作起来，这不是世界末日）来回应，而 A 和 B 不是对这句话的回应，所以选 C。正确答案是：Come on. It isn't the end of the world. 题目 3不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干The birth rate of the country decreases with years.选择一项：A. extremelyB. approximatelyC. progressively 反馈译文: 这个国家的出生率逐年递减。解析：extremely 意为“极大地”; approximately 意为“大约地”；progressively 意为“逐步；逐渐”的意思，C 项最为合适。正确答案是：progressively 题目 4不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干We consider it necessary Tom should improve his behavior.选择一项：A. whichB. thatC. what 反馈译文：汤姆应当改进他的行为举止，我们认为这是必要的。解析：动词 find, feel, consider, make, believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候， 则需要用 it 做形式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置，固定句式为： think/make/feel/consider + it + 形容词或者名词 + 宾语从句，所以选 B。正确答案是：that题目 5 不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干He asked me Zhang Hua came to school or not.选择一项：A. ifB. whetherC. what 反馈译文：他问我张华去上学了还是没去。解析：if 和 whether 都可以用来引导宾语从句，但 whether 常和 or not 连用， if 一般不与 or not 连用；而 what 不能用在此处，所以选 A。正确答案是：whether 题目 6不正确获得 50.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 10 分）Most couples who get married or decide to live together generally plan to have children. Several years ago, people thought that having big families was common and this was seen as an advantage. That was mainly because children began working at an early age to help provide for the family. But with the changing times and with the cost of living getting higher every single year,having a big family is no longer considered to be a practical option. In fact, more couples consider that they have only one child and some do not have any desire to become parents at all.According to the Australian Institute of Family Studies, by 1986, women aged 40 to 44 years, were considerably more likely to have given birth to two children than three children (36% vs. 27%) or four or more children (19%). However, taken together, women were still more likely to have had three or more children than to have had two children (46% vs. 36%).In recent years, women were more likely to have had two children than three or more children a trend that was most marked in the most recent period (38% vs. 25% in 1996; 38% vs. 22% in 2006). These days, most families in Australia have two children.But the number of women who had given birthsingle child increased progressively from only 8% in 1981 to 13%to ain2006.The U.S. Census Bureau states that there are approximately 14 million only children in America today. This comprises 20% of the children's population compared to only 10% around fifty years ago.操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。1. Several years ago, people thought that having big families was回答A. uncommon and this was seen as an advantageB. common and this was seen as a disadvantageC. common and this was seen as an advantageBy 1986, taken together, women werestill more likely to havehad回2.答children.A. lessB. moreC. no3. In recent years, women were more likely to have had回答.A. three or four childrenB. more childrenC. fewer children4.According to the passage, we can predict that the number of family with a single child will回答(将会增长).A. decrease dramaticallyB. increase dramaticallyC. remain steady5.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? 回答A. Families Having Fewer Children Nowadays.B. Couples Having More Children Nowadays.C. Women Being Likely to Have More Children.反 馈 解析：1. 这是一道细节题。本题询问“几年前，人们认为拥有大家庭？”，第一段第二句话告诉读者 “人们认为有个大家庭，很常见，而且大家庭也被认为是个优势”，所以选 C。2. 这是一道细节判断题。第二段第一句话意为“而综合来看，妇女仍然有可能要三个或更多个孩子而不是要两个孩子（其比例为 46% vs. 36%）”，此句表明有可能要多个孩子，所以选 B。3. 这是一道细节判断题。本题询问“近年来，妇女有可能要多少个孩子？”， 第三段第一句话告诉读者妇女更有可能要 2 个而不是 3 个或更多个孩子，所以选C。4. 这是一道推断题。按照短文内容，我们可以了解到现今澳大利亚大部分家庭拥有 2 个孩子，而要 1 个孩子妇女数量（increased progressively）逐渐增加， 所以我们推断将来拥有 1 个孩子的家庭会显著增多，所以选 B5. 这是一道主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲过去有个大家庭（多生孩子）， 很常见，而且大家庭也被认为是个优势。但近几年来，由于生活成本逐年增长， 拥有大家庭已不再是一个现实的选择，妇女愿意要 3 个或更多个孩子的越来越少。而如今澳大利亚大部分家庭拥有 2 个孩子，要 1 个孩子的家庭逐年递增。所以选 A。单元自测 2一、选择填空，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 10 分）题目 1 不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干Do you mind if I record your lecture?.选择一项：A. No, you'd better not.B. No，not at all.C. Never mind. 反馈解析：本题考核“表示请求允许”的交际用语。介意（不同意）的回答常用：Sorry/No, youd better not. I'm afraid you can't. 不介意（同意）的回答常用：No, of course not. No, not at all. 而在本题选项中 A 前后矛盾，正确回答应该是：Yes, you'd better not. 而选项 C 是无所谓，没有回答问题，所以选 B。正确答案是：No，not at all. 题目 2正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干Linda, what's wrong with your grandmother?.选择一项：A. She is not retired.B. She hurt her leg.C. She got a new house. 反馈解析：本题考核“询问他人信息”情况下的交际用语。第一说话人是要问对方亲人身体出什么状况了，第二说话人要用表示身体有什么状况的答语，而 A 是她没有退休，C 是她买了一套新房，B 是她腿受伤了，所以选 B。正确答案是：She hurt her leg. 题目 3正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干Is your grandmother getting well now?.选择一项：A. Yes, she is much better now.B. She gets up early.C. She feels comfortable. 反馈解析：本题考核“询问他人信息”情况下的交际用语。第一说话人询问对方亲人身体状况是否好转，第二说话人的答语应加以证实，而B 是她很早就起床，C 是她感觉很舒服，A 是她身体好多了，所以选 A。正确答案是：Yes, she is much better now. 题目 4正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother is ill in hospital.选择一项：A. That's all right.B. It's very kind of you.C. It is nothing. 反馈解析：本题考核“信息交流”的交际用语。第一说话人表示对其姥姥表示关心， 第二说话人回答时要表示感谢。而 A 是表示不用客气，C 是表示没事，所以选 B， 意思是谢谢您的关心。正确答案是：It's very kind of you. 题目 5正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干Looking after a baby is not an easy job, is it?.选择一项：A. Looking after a baby is very tired.B. I like looking after a baby.C. No, it isn't. 反馈本题考核“反义疑问句”的交际用语。第一说话人是征询对方的意见，第二说话人的答语应首先用 Yes 或 No 加以确认或否认，而 A 和 B 都不是这样的形式，所以选 C。正确答案是：No, it isn't. 未标记标记题目信息文本二、阅读理解题 目 6 部分正确获得 50.00 分中的 40.00 分未标记标记题目题干二、阅读短文，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个正确答案。（每题 10 分）Demand for Elderly Care Services in China Rising RapidlyThe number of elderly people aged above 60 increased. Demand for elderly care services in Chinawill continue to rise due to the increasing aging population. The number of elderly people aged above 60 was over 200 million in 2012, and will be 300 million in 2025 and 400 million in 2034, according to experts.It will be a tough challenge for China to deal with, due to the increasing rates of urbanization and a decreasing birth rate. The Chinese people will be facing a big challenge if we do not have enough money when we get older.The United Nations defines an aging society as one that has 10 percent of its population at or above the age of 60.When most developed countries were classed as an aging society, their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita stood at between 5,000 to 10,000U.S. dollars or above. However, China became an aging society in 2001, and its GDP per capita was only 1,000 U.S. dollars. It was 6,000 U.S. dollars in 2012. Chinas economic foundation for an elderly society is fragile.On Sept. 13.2013, the State Council issued a guideline to speed up the development of Chinas elderly care services, hoping to complete a social care network for its elderly by 2025.操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。1. What does the word “decreasing” in Paragraph 2 mean?回答A. It means “falling”.B. It means “rising”.C. It means “peaking”.2. What does GDP stands for?A. Government Document Publishing Service.回答B. Gross domestic product.C. General domestic product.3. What was Chinas GDP per capita in 2012? 回答A. It was 1,000 U.S. dollars.B. It was 6,000 U.S. dollars.C. It was 10,000 U.S. dollars.4. Why is Chinas economic foundation for an elderly society fragil？e回答A. Because of its increasing aging population and its low GDP per capita.aging society, our grossB. Because when China was classed as an domestic product (GDP) per capita is high.C. Because of its decreasing aging population and its high GDP per capita.5. The passage implies that 回答do nothing to deal with the challenge of theA. Chinese government can increasing aging populationB. Chinese people dont need enough money when they get olderC. The Chinese social care network is expected to be completed in the near future反 馈 解析：1. 这是一道推断题，本文是在讲述老龄化社会，出生率降低是造成老龄化社会的原因之一，另外，de- 是否定前缀，这样可以推断 decreasing 是降低的意思， 所以选 A.2. 这是一道细节题。在第四段第一句话中有明确告知，所以选 B。3. 这是一道细节题，文中第四段可找到，所以选 B。4. 这是一道推断题。文中第一段就讲述中国老龄人口不断增加，第四段讲述中国与发达国家的 GDP 相比，还是非常低。所以选 A。5. 这是一道主旨题。文中文中第五段讲述中国政府发布纲要以加快关爱老人的服务，所以不能选A，文中第二段讲述中国人到老了如果没有足够的钱的话就会遇到很大的挑战，所以不能选 B，文中第五段最后一句话，希望在 2025 年能够建成社会关怀网络，所以答案选 C。单元自测 3一、选择填空，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 10 分）题目 1 正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干She said she lost a pen.选择一项：A. haveB. hasC. had 反馈译文：她说她的丢了一支笔。解析：直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。如果从句是过去时， 主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去式，本题直接引语为现在完成时，改为间接引语的时候后退为过去完成时，因此选 C。正确答案是：had 题目 2正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干He asked John he could swim.选择一项：A. thatB. ifC. how 反馈译文：他问约翰是否会游泳。解析：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反义疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，因此选 B。正确答案是：if 题目 3正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干We found him in the laboratory.选择一项：A. workB. working1C. to work 反馈答案：B译文：我们发现他在实验室工作。解析：现在分词短语做补语，表示它所修饰的宾语正在进行的动作。正确答案是：working 题目 4不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干She is a woman.选择一项：A. confident youngB. young confidentC. confident and young 反馈译文：她是一个自信的年轻女人。解释：两个以上形容词修饰同一个名词时，表示观点的形容词在最前面，如beautiful, horrible, lovely, nice 等；之后为表示形状的形容词，如 long， short，round, narrow 等；然后为表示年龄、时代的形容词，如 old，new， young 等；接着是表示颜色的形容词，如 red, black, orange 等；然后是表示国籍、地区的形容词，如 British，Canadian，German 等；最后为表示材料的形容词， 如：plastic, wooden 等。正确答案是：confident young 题目 5正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干John asked me to visit his uncle's farm with him.选择一项：A. how would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would like 反馈译文：约翰问我是否和他一起去他叔叔的农场。21解析：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反义疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，因此选 C。正确答案是：whether I would like 题目 6部分正确获得 50.00 分中的 20.00 分未标记标记题目题干二、阅读理解：正误判断（每题 10 分）The Wichita Falls Police Department is trying to help curb crime in neighboring communities throughout the city. On Saturday Wichita Falls Police gave a free two-hour presentation to help locals keep their community crime free.More than 20 people showed up at the Martin Luther King Center in east Wichita Falls to be part of the presentation.Wichita Falls Police Officer Jeff Hughes said that they wanted to make sure the folks out there were aware they were doing everything to take away the opportunity from a bad guy.Hughes reminded those in attendance that their homes outside presentation could be an open invitation to criminals. One of the biggest ways to prevent crime, according to Hughes is to use CPTED. Also known as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.“The biggest site, that we are dealing with now, that we are endorsing fully, is Nextdoor and it's simply just ,”The site is free and helps locals set up a Virtual Community that they can interact with from the comfort of their own home."With it all happens in a web based program where if you send something out it gets to that group or that person instantly, they will get an alert on their phone or an email," said Hughes.According to Hughes, he has already seen a positive impact locally from the site and hopes it can continue to expand in Wichita Falls.操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”；句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。1. The Wichita Falls Police Department is planning sterner measures to combat crime. 回答2. According to Hughes, one of the biggest ways of crime prevention is through environmental design. 回答The biggest site that police are approving fully is .回3.答4. The purpose of is to help locals set up a real community. 回答5. If you use the site, you have to pay for it. 回答反 馈 解析：1. 这是一道细节题。第一段的第一句说的是威奇塔福尔斯警察局正试图在整个城市帮助社区居民们遏制犯罪，而没有提及需要“计划采取更加严厉措施的打击犯罪。”所以是 F。2. 这是一道细节题。第四段的最后两句意为“根据休斯的说法，防止犯罪最好方法之一是 CPTED，也被称为通过环境设计来预防犯罪”，所以选 T。3. 这是一道细节题。第五段提到“现在我们（警方）正在使用的，完全支持的最大平台是 ”，选项中 approve 的意思也正是“赞成，批准”的意思，所以选 T。4. 这是一道细节题。第六段中“Virtual Community”意思是“虚拟社区”，题目中的“ real community”是“真实的社区”，意思刚好相反，所以选 F。5. 这是一道细节题，第六段中的“The site is free”意思是这个网站是免费的，意思跟题目中的“you have to pay for it.”，意思是“你必须要付费” 意思刚好相反，所以选 F。单元自测 4一、选择填空，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 10 分）题目 1 正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干 May I open the window to let in some fresh air? 选择一项：A. Come onB. Take care.C. Go ahead! 反馈答案：C解析：根据语境可以知道：去开吧, 去做吧。所以答案为：C。容易误选A。come on 的意思是“算了吧！”或“快点！加油！”等。正确答案是：Go ahead! 题目 2正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干 Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?选择一项：A. What for？B. What is it？C. How is it? 反馈答案： A解析：What for 对某事表示不解，询问原因，可以译作“为何”，相当于 why， 表“为什么”；还可表某物有何用途。正确答案是：What for？ 题目 3正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干This plant can't be exposed strong sunshine.选择一项：A. inB. toC. by 反 馈 答案：B译文：这种植物不能暴露在强光下。解析：be exposed to 动词词组，意思是 “处于的作用下； 曝光于； 接触； 面临”,正确答案是：to 题目 4正确获得 10.00 分中的 10.00 分未标记标记题目题干People foxes clever but sly animals.选择一项：A. considerforB. considerasC. considerX 反馈答案：B译文：人们认为狐狸是既聪明又狡猾的动物。解析：consider 含有客观的思考和推理之意。consideras 表示“把作为 来考虑正确答案是：consideras 题目 5不正确获得 10.00 分中的 0.00 分未标记标记题目题干He asked his neighbor to his house.选择一项：A. keep an eye onB. keep their eyes onC. keep their eyes open 反馈答案：A译文：他请邻居照看他的房子解析：keep an eye on sth.“照顾、照看”的意思，Keep ones eys on，“盯住”的意思，keep ones eyes open 意思是“注意，留心”，后面不直接跟宾语。正确答案是：keep an eye on 题目 6部分正确获得 50.00 分中的 40.00 分未标记标记题目题干二、英译汉（每题 10 分）操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。1. Parents are too busy to spend time teaching their kids right from wrong. 回答A. 父母不会太忙，所以有时间教导孩子明辨是非。B. 父母都太忙，没有时间教导孩子明辨是非。C. 父母很忙，但是也抽时间教导孩子明辨是非。2. Attend parenting classes, or join a local support group if you are having trouble understanding how to exercise discipline.回答