高中英语语法主语从句讲解及练习8632.pdf

主语从句 一、概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。二.主语从句主要有四类：（1）由连词 that 引导的主语从句:引导词 that 无含义/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether 有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：引导主语从句，不能用 if，只能用 whether。例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much.（3）用连接代词引导的主语从句 在由连接代词 who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever/whoever 的功用 whatever,whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who。要注意和 whatever,whoever 引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主语从句）（Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）Whoever breaks the law,he should be punished.（让步状语从句）（No matter who breaks the law,he should be punished.）（4）用连接副词 when,where,why,how 引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic.三.注意点:it 构成的主语从句（1）由连词 that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it 作形式主语。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.=It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但当 what 引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用 it 作形式主语。)错:It is a book what he wants.对:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it 作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported,the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构 It is+名词+从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is good news that 是好消息 It is a question that 是个问题 It is common knowledge that 是常识 类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing；no wonder；surprise 等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.Its a pity that you missed the film.It is+形容词+从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is clear that 很清楚 It is likely that 很可能 It is important that 重要的是 类似的形容词还有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.Its clear that they badly need help.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。It is+过去分词+从句 It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证明 It must be proved that 必须指出 类似的过去分词还有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.It seems（happened/appears/doesnt matter/makes no difference/occurred）that 如：It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.四练习 1._ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate B.The estimated C.They are estimated D.It is estimated that 2._ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A.Which B.Since C.Although D.How 3._ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A.Whoever B.Whatever C.However D.That 4._ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A.For the reason that he is B.Just because he is C.The reason of being D.That he is 5.Although _ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction,it could occur elsewhere in the world.A.which B.what C.how D.it 6._ she had forgotten to take her notebook.A.That occurred to her B.She occurred that C.To her that occurred D.It occurred to her that 7.I am sure that _ she said is wrong.A.which B.all C.this D.what 8.We lost our way in the forest,and _ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A.that B.which C.it D.what 9._ or not is still uncertain.A.Hes coming B.If he is coming C.That coming D.Whether hes coming 10.Its _ hell be able to come.A.doubt whether B.doubtful C.doubt it D.doubtful whether 11._ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet suburb,Dicks life is tied to machines.A.Whether B.Till C.If D.Unless 12._ he saw both surprised and frightened him.A.That B.When C.What D.Which 13._ is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B.What all we need C.What we need D.What we all need 14._ is a pity that he should feel so upset.A.What B.That C.He D.It 15._ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable B.Quite remarkably C.It is remarkable that D.It is remarkable fact that 16._ you nominate will be elected.A.Who B.Whom C.Whomever D.Thats 17._ book you borrow must be returned within a week.A.What B.Which C.Whichever D.Thats 18._ of us gets home first starts cooking.A.Who B.Which C.Whichever D.Anyone