2022年中考完成句子专题讲与练.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载中考完成句子总复习课堂目标：熟识中考完成句子的常见题型及各个题型的解题方法课堂难点：句式转换、主被动转换和特别疑问词提问一题型介绍完成句子这一题型显现在重庆市中考试卷的第二卷中,是整个试卷的第V 大题,共 5 个小题,分值为 10 分；从形式上看,该题型考查的方向主要 包括句式转换、对划线部分提问、主被动语态转换、同义句转换、并句和完成译句 六类； 从内容上看,前五类题目考查范畴 较广,主要有：句子功能的转换,包括陈述句（确定与否定）、疑问句、祈使句、反义疑问句等的转换；句子结构的转换；即简洁句、并列句、复合句 之间的转换；语态的转换；即主动语态与被动语态的转换；常用句型与词汇的运用；第 5 个 题完成译句主要是全面考察同学在中学阶段所学的单词、短语、句型和语法 等方面的学问及敏捷运用它们的才能；下面,我们就依据完成句子这一题型 的考查形式对各类题目逐一讲解；二题型分类（ 1）1. 句式转换： 中考中句式转换主要以陈述句变否定句、陈述句变一般疑问 句和陈述句变反义疑问句为主,题目个数为 12 个；有时也会考陈述句 与感叹句的转换；例如： Maria asked me to go to her birthday party yesterday. 改为否定句 Maria didn t ask me to go to her birthday party yesterday. 句 Dave sometimes helps in the house at the weekends. 改为一般疑问Does Dave sometimes ask in the house at the weekends. 显而易见,做好此类题目的关键是必需熟识陈述句,否定句,一般疑问 句和反义疑问句的基本结构； 陈述句确定句的基本结构：形式 主语 +be+其他适用时态 动词为 be 动词的一般现在时,一般过去 时,现在进行时和过去进行时主语 +动词原形 +其他主语 +动词三人称单数+其一般现在时他陈述句主语 +动词过去式 +其他一般过去时主语 +will+动词原形 +其他一般将来时主语 +be going to+动词原形+其他名师归纳总结 主语 +have+动词过去分词 +现在完成时第 1 页,共 12 页其他主语 +had +动词过去分词+过去完成时- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载其他 主语 +情态动词 +动词原形 +其他 注：现在完成进行时,过去将来时和将来进行时因考查较少,故不一列 举；例如： I found it easy to learn English. I have already seen the 3D movie Titanic. You should finish your homework on time. 陈述句否定句的基本结构 1）含有 be 动词,助动词 will ,have、had 和情态动词的陈述句变为否定 句是将 not 放在这些词的后面；如：例如： I have not seen the 3D movie Titanic yet. 2 含有实义动词的陈述句变为否定句要借助助动词（一般现在时借助do和 does,一般过去时借助did）,并将否定词 not 放在助动词之后；例如： I didnt find it easy to learn English at first. 一般疑问句的基本结构形式 举例Be +主语 +其他？Is she from England？助动词（ do, does, did, will Did you finish your homework on 一般疑问句）+主语+动词原形 +其他？time ？助动词（ have,had）+主语+动词Have you finished your 过去分词 +其他？homework. 留意事项：情态动词 +主语+动词原形 +其他？Must I finish my homework on 1. 假如陈述句的主语为第一人称, 在变为否定句的时候, 需要把主语及句中相应的物主代词变为其次人称；2. 假如陈述句中含有 some, something或 somebody,在变为否定句和一般疑问句的时候,需要相应地把他们变为 any, anything 和 any body；3. 假如陈述句句末含有 too 表示“ 也” 的时候, 在变为否定句的时候,需要相应地把 too 变为 either；4. 在如陈述句为现在进行时,且句中含有already,在变为否定句和一般疑问句的时候,需要把 already 变为 yet；5. 把确定句变为否定句时,如空格数比所填词的个数少一个,需考虑缩 写形式,如 is not 缩写为 isn t,must not 缩写为 mustnt； 反义疑问句概念：附加在陈述句后的简洁问句,又称附加疑问句；陈述句变为反义疑问句的时候遵循两个基本原就1）前肯后否,前否后肯 的原就；2）与前句时态一样原就 详细而言,反义疑问句有以下四种情形：1）确定陈述句 +否定反义疑问句 2）否定陈述句 +确定反义疑问句名师归纳总结 3）确定（否定）祈使句 +will you ？第 2 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载4）Let me 祈使句, will you/won t you. 5）Let s 祈使句, shall we？6. 含有 no, nothing, hardly, few, little 等表否定意义的词的陈述句 疑问句；+确定反义 感叹句 结构： what a/an +可数名词单数 +主语 +谓语+其他！What+可数名词复数 +主语 +谓语 +其他！How +形容词 +主语+谓语 +其他！例如： The beach is a nice place for tourists. 改为感叹句 What a nice place the beach is for tourists！课堂练习一：1. 0ur city is beautiful.改为感叹句 How beautiful our city is. 2. The nurse does all the housework in my home every day. 改为一般疑问句 Does the nurse do all the housework in your home every day. 3. She hardly knew how to solve this math problem.完成反义疑问句 She hardly knew how to solve this math problem, did she . 4. There were many students in this school last year. 改为否定句 There were not many students in this school last year.5. Mr. Hu taught her maths last year.（改为一般疑问句）Did Mr. Hu teach her maths last year. 2 对划线部分提问 对划线部分提问即是对特别疑问句和特别疑问词的考查；特别疑问句的基本结构是：+be +主语 +其他？疑问词 +助动词（ do/does/did/will ）+主语 +动词原形 +其他？+情态动词 +主语 +动词原形 +其他？+助动词（ have/had）+主语 +动词过去分词 +其他？常用的疑问词包括以wh开头的疑问词和与how 相关的复合疑问词,中考常考后者；请回忆一下以下疑问词的用法：who what which where when why how 提 问 身提问职业询问 特定对 地 点 提对时间提对 原 因对 方 式份的人或物问问提问或 状 态提问how how how often how soon how long how far how old many much 对频 率提对 in +时间对时间长对 距 离对 年 龄对 数 量对 数 量提问,后（后跟不问（ 如提问（如 in 短 提 问提问提问跟 可 数可 数 名once a 5 minutes） 如for+名 词 复词）或价week,时间段 数）格提问every day）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载课堂练习二：1. Bruce has art lessons twice a week.对划线部分提问 How often does Bruce have are lessons. 2. Maria and Jane have waited at the airport for two hours. 对划线部分提问 How long have Maria and Jane waited at the airport. 3. Many visitors will come to our city in July. 对划线部分提问 When will many visitors come to our city. 4. Jane will learn a new dance in the gym. 就划线部分提问 Where will Jane learn a new dance. 5. There are two hundred famous companies in Xinjiang from 19 provinces. 对划线 部分提问 How many famous companies in Xinjiang are there from 19 provinces. 3. 主被动转换 概念 ：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承担 者,即行为动词的对象；基本结构 ： be+done（及物动词的过去分词）人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be动词的变化表现出来的；一般现在时： amisaredone 一般过去时： wasweredone 一般将来时： will shall bedone 现在进行时： amisare beingdone 过去进行时： havehas beendone 现在完成时： havehas beendone 含有情态动词的： can/ may/ must/ should/ would/ will/ could/ + be done 主动语态变被动语态的方法1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2把谓语变成被动结构 be过去分词 依据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原先主动语态句子中动词的 时态来打算 be 的形式；3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格；例如：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾,by 短语后面跟；三. 即学即练1. 按要求改写以下句子；1. She does the housework every day. 改为否定句 She _ _ the housework every day. 2. There was no time for the wins to go shopping. 改为反意疑问句 There was no time for the twins to go shopping, _ _. 3. Jim will return in two weeks. 对划线部分提问 _ _ will Jim return. 名师归纳总结 4. Mr. Read didnt sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise. 对划第 4 页,共 12 页线部分提问 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载_ _ Mr. Green _ last night. 5. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. 对划线部分提问 _ _ he _ at four yesterday afternoon. 6. We planted many trees in our school yard. 改为被动语态 Many trees _ _ in our school yard. 7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. 改为一般疑问句 _ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday. 8. He has worked in this school for five years. 对划线部分提问 _ _ _ he worked in this school. 9. The policeman made the young woman move her car. 改为被动语态 The young woman _ _ _ _ her car by the policeman. 10. John went to see his grandmother once a week. 对划线部分提问 _ _ _ John go to see his grandmother. 11. He returned the book to the library this morning. 改为否定句 He _ _ the look to the library this morning. 12. You will meet your friends at the railway station. 改为反意疑问句 You will meet your friends at the railway station, _ _. 13. Has he handed in his homework. Do you know. 改为复合句 Do you know _ he _ handed in his homework. 14. I have two books in my bag. 对划线部分提问 _ _ you _ in your bag. 15. The car near the river is mine. 对划线部分提问 _ _ is yours. 16. A birthday party will be had tomorrow. 改为主动语态 We _ _ a birthday party tomorrow. 17. There s something to eat in the cupboard. 改为一般疑问句 _ there _ to eat in the cupboard. 18. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. 对划线部分提问 _ _ Allan _ back to England next month. 19. David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper. 句 David was _ careless _ find the mistakes in his test paper. 20. Mary likes scuba diving very much. 改为一般疑问句 _ Mary _ scuba diving very much. 答案：1. doesn t do 2. was there 3. How soon 4. Why didnt, sleep 5. What was, doing 6. were planted 7. Did, return 8. How long has 9. that/ which is about 10. was made to move 11. How often did 名师归纳总结 12. didnt return 第 5 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 13. won t you 优秀教案欢迎下载14. if/ whether, has 15 What do, have 16. Which car 17. will have 18. Is, anything 19. How will, go 20. too, to 22. Does, like 中考完成句子总复习（2）课堂目标：熟识中考完成句子的常见题型及各个题型的解题名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载方法课堂难点：同义句装换、并句和翻译一. 题型分类（ 2）1. 同义转换同义句转换即用不同的句型或不同短语对原句进行转换,考的同义转换句型如下：1. spend doing 与 It takes sb to do sth 的转换并保持意思不变； 常例: I spend half an hour doing morning exercises every day.改为同义句 It takes me half an hour to do morning exercises every day. 2. so that 与 too to .的转换 例: The water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it. （重庆）The water was too dirty for us to drink. 3. too to.与 be not +adj. +enough to do 的转换 例： My son is too young to join the army. 改为同义句 My son isn't old enough to join the army. 4. , or . 与 if not.的转换 例： You must wake up early, or you will miss the train. If you don t wake up early, you will miss the train. 5. 不定式做主语与 it is +adj +for sb to do 的转换 例： To plant trees every year is necessary for us. It is necessary for us to plant trees every year. 6. 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 例： Paul left Canada two days ago. Paul has been away from Canada since two days ago. 7. You should 与 why not 或者 why don t you 的转换 例： Shall we have a picnic at the weekend. 改为同义句 What about having a picnic at the weekend. 8. Sb. be surprised与 To sb s surprise, 的转换；例： I am surprised to find great changes have taken place in China. 改为同义句 To my suprise , I find great changes have taken place in China. 9. not any longer 与 no longer 的转换 例： I will not have meals in that restaurant any longer. I will no longer have meals in that restaurant. 10. prefer doing to doing 与 would rather do than do sth的转换；例： We prefer going hiking to go fishing on this Saturday. We would rather go hiking than go fishing on this Saturday. 11. keep on doing 与 not stop doing的转换 例： They kept on talking until the teacher came in. 改为同义句 They didn stop talking until the teacher came in. 12. what引导的宾语从句与 wh to do 的转换 例： Alice didnt know how she could draw horses well. 改为同义句 Alice didnt know how _ _ horses well.13）除了不同句型之间的转换之外,意思相近的词汇和短语之间的转换也是考点名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载之一；你能说出与以下词或短语意思相近的短语吗？walk go/ come to .on foot look after take care of hope that look forward to doing come up with think up manage to do succeed in doing would like to do feel like doing do alone do by oneself like be fond of/be interested in be good at do well in can do be able to do 例： Tommy usually walks to school every morning.改为同义句 Tommy usually goes to school on foot every morning. We should finish our homework alone. 改为同义句 We should finish our homework by ourselves.2. 并句 并句主要考查将两个简洁句合并为一个复合句,法；因此要熟识常用连词的意思和用1 同级比较 as as , not so as例： Peter is 1.9 meters tall. Michael is 1.9 meters tall, too. 合并为一句 Michael is as tall as Peter. 2）比较级 例： He became strong day by day as he took exercise. 改为同义句 The more exercise he took, the stronger he became. 3）so that ,be+ 形容词 + enough,或者 too to 结构例： Little Jim is only five years old. He cant make model planes by himself. 为一句 Little Jim is too young to make model planes by himself. 4 直接引语与间接引语 例：“ Why do you stay at home.” my father asked.（把直接引语改为间接引语）My father asked why I stay at home. 5. neither nor例：We shouldn't talk loudly in the theater. We shouldn't smoke there, either. 合并为 一句 We should neither talk loudly nor smoke in the theater. 6. If 条件句与 , or .句型 例： If you play basketball here,you may break the windows. Don t play basketball here, or you may break the windows. 7. 将宾语从句转化为 " 疑问词不定式 " 例： Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree. Do you know how to get the kite down from the tree. 3. 句子翻译 1. 请等待我们的好消息 .完成译句 Please wait for our good news. 2. 让我们到乡村去帮忙孩子们学习；完成译句 Lets go to the countryside to help the kids with their study. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载3. 我们应当多参与课外活动；完成译句 We should take part in after-school activities more often. 4. 我觉得每晚睡八小时很重要；I think it important to sleep eight hours a night. 5. 他认为这部小说值得再读一遍；He thinks this novel is worth reading. 6. 你介意教我英语吗？Would you mind teaching me English. 7. 我喜爱游泳多过跑步；I prefer swimming to running. 二. 即学即练1. 依据上句完成下句,使上、下两句意思相同或相符；1. I want to buy some English books on Sunday. I _ _ to buy some English books on Sunday. 2. Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams. It _ Ann two weeks _ _ ready for the exams. 3. Wherever I go, I will always remember my teachers and classmates. _ _ _ I go, I will never _ my teachers and classmates. 4. Tom studies the hardest in our class. Tom studies _ than _ _ student in our class. 5. Most of the students in my class walk to school. Most of the students in my class go to school _ _. 6. How can I get to the Peoples Park. s Park.Which is _ _ _ the People7. How is the weather today. _ is the weather _ today. 8. The snow was heavy last night. It _ _ last night. 9. How far it is from here to Beijing. _ _ _ _ it is from here to Beijing. 10. He is too young to join the army. He is _ _ _ to join the army. 11. They dont know what they should do next. They don t know _ _ _ next. 12. He joined the army two years ago. _ _ about two years _ he joined the army. 13. When he was 12 years old, he began to work for a boss. _ _ _ _ 12, he began to work for a boss. 14. They are building a new bridge over the river. A new bridge _ _ _ over the river. 15. I saw he was reading a newspaper over there. I _ _ _ a newspaper over there. 16. Hurry up, or we will be late. _ _ _ _, we will be late. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 优秀教案 欢迎下载17. If you ask her again, she will tell you