2022年初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 八年级 上册 Unit 1 Play Sports 【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball. Section A 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Threeagainst 表示“ 对着：反对；靠着”2cheer sb on 为 加油,鼓劲3win 和 beat 都可表示“ 赢”,但用法不同；1 winwon ,won 一般后接竞赛,奖品或奖项作宾语,也可作不及物动词,表示“ 赢” 的结果；2 beatbeat,beaten击败、战胜,一般接对手作宾语,仍可译为“ 心脏跳动” 或“ 击打”；a game a team win+ 事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent对手 4prefer 宁愿,更宠爱1prefer doing sth to doing sth 跟做某事比较起来更宠爱做某事 人某物比较起来更宠爱人某物prefer sb sthto sb. sth跟某2prefer to do sth ratherthan do sth跟做某事比较起来更宠爱做某事 3prefer to do sth 更宠爱做某事5join take part in 1join 参与某个政党,团体,组织等,成为其中的一员 2join sb in doing sth 和某人一起 做某事 3join in=take part ,in 参与某项活动Section B 1play for a team 为某队效力be inon the team 在某队打球2dream 作名词,“ 梦,理想”；egmy dream job 也可作动词 dream of about sth.doing sth3“ one of the+形容词最高级 +名词的复数” 意思是“ 最 之一”；4break the record 打破记录5in the 2022 Beijing Olympics在 2022 年北京奥运会中； “ 在 竞赛中” 用in e gin the racein the basketball game 6give up 舍弃；留意应当把介词放在中间；7What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾 . Section C 1spendcostpaytake eggive it up ,give up doing sth 舍弃做某事；1spend 作“ 花费” 之意时,指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上,主语是人；2cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等；主语是某物或某事；其结构是 sthcosts sb 3pay sb,答谢某人, pay for 可等同于spend on ,或用 cost 作同义句转换；4take 一般指花费时间,其主语是名词或动名词,常常用 it 作形式主语；2do exercise=play sports 做运动,锤炼3There be 句型的将来时结构为 能显现表示“ 有” 的 have 和 has；There is are going to be 或 There will be ；留意在 There be 句型中不1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远5Sure 1be sure that+从句 egI am sure that he is right 2sbbe sure to do sth某人肯定会做某事；强调说话人的语气；3be sure of about sth doing sth“ 确信” ,表示主语对 有把握；4用在祈使句里 Be surenotto do sth 肯定 不做某事 egBe sure to come here early6make 的用法； 1make sbdo sth使某人做某事；被动语态中要仍原 to；2“ make sb sth+形容词” 使某人或某物处于某种状态；3make sth for sb make sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“ 对 有益”,反义词组是be bad for“ 对 有害”；8keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康Section D 1play against 跟 进行竞赛play with play againstplay for play with 玩耍,嬉戏,玩乐,与 玩耍；play against 同 竞赛；play for 为 效力；2leave for 离开某地去某地3一般将来时leave for=set off for 动身去某地1含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态,也表示将来常常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如：tomorrow ,soon,later on,next timeweek , month ,year,Sunday 等；2结构为 be going to do sth或 will do sth ；There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be 或There will be ；留意在 There be 句型中不能显现表示“ 有” 的 havehas；3表示位置移动的动词 go, come, leave,fly , start 等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事；其中 go和 come 肯定要用现在进行时表示将来；【例 19】10 年河北中考 This term_ over The summer vacation is coming in two weeks A is Bwas Chas been Dwill be 【例 20】10 年重庆中考 If you_ to the 2022 Shanghai Expo next week , I will go with you A go Bhas gone C will go Dare going 【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water. Section A 1would couldwill youpleasedo sth “ 请你做 好吗.” 表示委婉恳求对方做某事,否定结构是would couldwill youpleasenot do sth ；egWould you please not play the piano loudly. fall down2fall ill “ 生病” ,be ill“ 生病的” ,强调一种状态； feel ill“感觉不舒适”,强调一种身体感受；摔倒,跌倒；3mind 的用法1作动词,表示“ 介意”,常用于疑问句或否定句中；其结构是mind sb sth doing sth对 would you mind sb sb's doing sth及“would you mind if+ 从句” 的回答,假如是表达“ 会介意” ,可用 Yes,you'd better not I am sorry but I do 假如表达“ 不会介意”,可用 No,not at all Never mind It doesn't matter No, of course not2用于提出建议； Would you mind doing sth would you mind not doing sth. 对 Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用 Of course not,I will do it right away SorryI will do it right away对 would you mind not doing sth 的回答可以用 Sorry,I won't do it again I'm sorry about that 4作名词,“ 思想” ；set one's mind to do sth on sth专心于做某事4be gladhappy to do sth愿意做某事5practice sth doing sth练习做某事2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Section B 1be always doing sth老是 ,含有埋怨的感情颜色；2careless形容词,反义词是careful；carelessly 副词,反义词是carefully 3chance机会 have a chance to do sth有机会做某事get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做某事4What do you mean by sth doing sth.=What's the meaning of sth doing sth. 5shout at sb朝某人喊叫,含有愤怒或生气的感情；没有感情颜色；6fight with sb =have a fight with sb 与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为“ 生某人的气”,如：shout to sb朝某人喊叫,只是为了使对方听到,【链接】 1 be angry at 对某人的言行感到生气,2 be angry about sth. 对某事感到愤怒,如：8do one's best to do sth=try to do sth 尽力做某事9say sorryhello goodbye to sb向某人赔礼问候,道10befeel sorry for to do 为 而愧疚 伤心 11keep 的用法 1 keep sbdoing sth使某人始终做某事2“ keep sb sth+宾补 +adj” 使某人某物处于某种状态3 “ keep sb sth+宾补 +adv” 使某人某物处于某种状态4keep doing sth连续不断做某事e5“ keep+表语” ,表示保持连续处于某种状态 egkeep fit healthy 6赡养 e gMy father keeps a big family 7储存,保留 egHow long can I keep the book. 12turn down 调低音量 turn up 调高音量 turn on 打开 turn off 关上留意代词都要放在中间；【分析比较】 turn on“ 打开 水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等 ”turn off “ 关掉 水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等 ” ；turn up “ 开大,调高”；turn down “ 削减,关小”13in a minute right away at once 立刻,立刻14对 sorry 的回答可以是 That's OKall right It doesn't matter Never mind Not at all Section C 1love doing to do sth宠爱做某事2exciting excited exciting 指使人感到兴奋的事 3as welltooalsoeitherso neither excited 是指人对 感到兴奋1too as well 表示“ 也” ,一般放在句末,且前用逗号隔开,常用于确定句；egTom is a student；Jack is a student,tooas well2also 表示“ 也” ,用于确定句中,放在be 动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前；3在否定句中,都要改为 either；4so 表示“ 也” 时,用在倒装句中,表示确定,其结构是“so+ be 动词助动词情态动词 +主语” ；egKate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping ,too as wellso did Tom 5neither 表示“ 也” 时,用在倒装句中,表示否定,其结构是“neither+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” ；eg；Kate didn't go shopping yesterday ；Tom didn't go shopping ,eitherNeither did Tom 4so that 引导目的状语从句,含义是“ 以便, 目的是, 为了” ；从句的谓语动词要用may,can,should,could 等情态动词, 表示目的状语, 相当于 in order that ,可以改成in order to do 句型；egLet's take the front seats so thatin order that we may see more clearly =Let's take the front seats in order to see more clearly 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other 作形容词,指“ 其他的,别的”；eg other students others1别人 egYou must be polite to others 2 “ 其他的人或物”3 ,指在一个范畴之内,除去一部名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 分后剩余的部分, 而不是全部, 一般显现短语some others 中；e.gThere are many students in the classroom,some are reading, some are writing,others are talking another1三者或三者以上“ 又一个,再一个”；不确定数量中的另外一个；Jack has bought another pen2别的,不同的；I don't like this shirt Please show me another one3another+数词 +名词一数词 +more+名词；“ 再多一些”,在原先的基础上再加一些；one the other 两者之间一个 另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法 1ago“ 多久之前”,用过去式； 结构是 “ 段时间 +ago”egtwo days ago2“ before+点时间” ,表示“ 在几点前”,可用过去时、 将来时或一般现在时；egThey will be here before 7 ：00；3“ in+ 段时间” ,指“ 多久之后”,用将来时； egWe will get to Beijing in three days4“after+点时问” ,在几点之后,可用过去时,将来时或一般现在时；egWe often play football after 5 ：00 in the afternoon“ after+段时间” ,表示“ 多久之后”,只能用于过去式；egHe came back after four days2instead 副词,“ 代替； 而；相反” ,单独使用时放句末；instead of sthdoing sth. 取代而不是 3build sb up 使某人更强壮 4have fun doing sth 做某事很开心1 have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得高兴,过得欢乐2 have fun with ab. 与某人共度欢乐时间3 Have fun Enjoy yourself Have a good time 等可以作为对别人出行前得祝愿；Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in. Section A 1the sports meetmeeting 运动会 the boys' 800 一 meter race 男子 800 米赛跑 the long jump 跳远 the high jump 跳高 the relay race 接力赛跑2It's theone's firstsecond time to do sth3make friends with sb 与某人交伴侣；留意 friends 要用复数形式；4be ready for sth为某事而预备；5maybemay be maybe=perhaps 副词,“或许,大致” ；egMaybe he is at the bus station nowmay be 是情态动词 may 后接动词原形 be,Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时,可以问 Is that speaking.回答可以是 Yes,who's that.Speaking问对方是谁时用 Who is that.告知对方自己是谁时,应当说 This is speaking；找人接电话时,应当说 Hello ,may I speak to sb.回答时假如是本人接的电话,可以直接说 speaking；2 Let's make it half past six 让我们定在六点半吧；make it1 指商定时间 egLet's make it at 6 ：302 办成,做到 准备或期望做的事 3pass动词,“ 传递” ；pass sbsth=pass sthto sb把某物传给某人；egWould you please pass me the book. “ 经过” ；eg She was the first one to pass the finishing linepass by “ 经过 某地 ”；past可作副词或介词, “ 在 旁经过”；egHe hurried past me without stopping to talk with me【例 6】09 年新疆中考 Did you see the accident yesterday. YesIt happened when I the museumA walked pass Bwas walking past Cwalk past Dwas walking pass 【例 7】We need _ _ _ 再加两个人 to do the work 4congratulations 庆贺你；当别人取得成果、荣誉时,我们可以对他说：Congratulations. 【例 8】10 年广东中考 Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race Really. _ . A Congratulations BNever mind CThat's all right DI'm sorry to hear that 5take photospictures 照相egLook ,lots of students are taking photos of the beautiful flowers 【例 9】10 年兰州中考 what are on show in the museum. Some photos_ by the children of Yushu ,Qinghai 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A have been taken B were taken Care taken Dtaken Section C 1holdhave a sports meet 举办运动会 2be good at sthdoing sth=do well in sth doing sth善于 做某事 do badly in sth doing sth在某方面做得糟糕【例 10】His father is good at making model planes 同义句改写 His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage sbto do sth勉励某人做某事；【例 11】 My father often encourages me_studyhard 4take exercise=do sports 做运动；其中 exercise 是不行数名词,意思是“ 运动,锤炼”；它也可以做 可数名词,意思是“ 练习,体操”；egdo morning exercises 做早操【例 12】10 年陕西中考 what do you think of the _ . I think they are good for our eyes We should do them oftenA eyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exercises 5be able to 和 can 1 表示现在或过去的才能时两者相同；e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了；2 be able to 有人称时态及数的变化,而 can 只有过去式 could. e.g. We will be able to make it in 2022. 到 2022 年我们就可以做到了；3表示恳求、答应及否定判定时,只能用 can；e.g. The boy can t be Mike ,he left for Paris yesterday. 那个男孩不行能是 Mike. ,他昨天去巴黎了；【例 13】Jack's father_ _ _ 能 swim when he was five years old 【例】 Could I use your dictionary. Yes,you_. A can Bcould C need Dshould 6do sthfor the first second time第一二 次做某事 meet for the second time last yearegWe took part in the school sports 【例 14】 China took part in the Olympics the first time in 1951fewer“ 更A at Bfor C to Don less,“ 更少” ,接不行数名词；7more“ 更多 ”,后可接可数或不行数名词；反义词是少” ,接可数名词复数；【例 15】10 年黄冈中考 What's the low-carbon lifestyle like. Save_ energy,produce_ carbonA more；more Bless；more Cless；less D more；less Section D 1stand for 代表 egRed stands for good luck in China 【例 16】08 年龙岩中考 The Tang costume_ _代表 Chinese history and fashion culture 2at least=as little as 至少,反义词是at most=as much as 至多；【例 17】 This pair of shoes costs_ _ 至少 200 yuan【例 18】10 年成都中考 The food I cook isn't delicious ,but _I can look after myself A at first Bat last Cat least 【习题精练】I词汇A 依据汉语或首字母提示填写单词；1The r_ for joining the English club is to be able to practice more English2The modern_ 奥运会 started in Athens5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3There are many_旅行者 visiting Beijing every year 4We should improve our _ 环境 and keep it clean5Five rings are a s_ of the Olympic Games B依据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子；1I was the winner in the_ _ 跳高 in the school sports meeting 2Jack_ _ 可能 ill now I saw him in the hospital just now 3 Would you mind cleaning the floor. I am sorry ,I will do it_ _ 立刻 4You know his words_ _ 代表 our idea5We can_ more和 交伴侣 _ with foreigners 单项挑选110 年杭州中考 Would you like to have _ chicken. No, thanksIt's delicious ,but I've had enoughA some other Bsome more Canother some 210 年长沙中考 I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to themCget on badly with Dmake friends with A catch up with Bagree with 310 年安徽中考 It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures Right That's what she likes to do _ A more Blest Cmost Dleast 410 年十堰中考 Where is Jeff. I'm not sure He _playing football on the playgroundA maybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 510 年安徽中考 Bob promises to_ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farmA join Bjoin in Ctake part to 610 年山西中考 English is difficult for meHow can I improve it. Don't lose your confidence I believe you will_ it if you keep tryingA take Bwork Cpick Dmake 709 年山西中考 Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _ . No, I don't think so A. in public B at least Con time 809 年新疆中考 Did you watch the basketball match yesterday. Yes,We were all_ about the_ match A exciting ；excited Bexciting ；exciting Cexcited ；excited Dexcited；exciting 909 年广州中考 Have you _ your new classmates yet. A had friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with 1009 年宁德中考 I called you yesterday ,but nobody_ the phone A checked Brepaired Canswered 1109 年天门中考 why do you like that scarf so much. Because I think it can_ me good luck A fetch Bbring Cpass Dtake 1209 年潍坊中考 Liu Qian ,as a little boy ,was so_ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other children A good at B mad about C popular with Dafraid of 1309 年福州中考 We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2022Wow ,_ .Will it pass our place. 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A what an excited news Bhow excited the news is Cwhat exciting news Dhow exciting news 1408 年南通中考 Hello. May I speak to Mr Smith. _,pleaseHe is answering another call right now A Go on BCome on CKeep on DHold on 1507 年厦门中考 Doctors often suggest,“ _vegetables and meat can help you keep fit ” A More； less BF