2022年高考英语近三年真题语法精讲精练专题名词性从句.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载语法专题四 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句；名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、 宾语、 表语、 同位语等, 因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；考点一 whether 与 if whether 与 if 在作“ 是否” 的意思讲时在以下情形下一般只能用 1引导主语从句并在句首时；whether,不能用 if ：Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2引导表语从句和同位语从句时；We should discuss carefully the question whether we can finish it on time. 3引导从句作介词宾语时；It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 4从句后有“or not” 时；I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 5后接动词不定式时；I don't know whether to go to the party. 考点二that,what 与 which 只起连接作用, 也没有任何含义；that 引1that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语介词 but,except,besides,in 除外 ；That he failed the exam made me surprised. 主语从句, that 不充当从句成分 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 2what 引导名词性从句时,其意义为“ 的人/物/数目等” ,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；作主语、宾语和表语时 what 可以分解成“ 定语从句的先行词关系代词” ,即常说的“ 先行词that” ；Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.what 指“ 的数目” You will know what side effect the medicine brings about. 作定语,意思为“ 什么样的” He lives in what we call “ spring city ” 表示“ 的地方” He lives in the place that we call “ spring city ” You don't know what good students they are. 表示“ 多么” ,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中 3which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“ 哪一个” ,可指人也可指物,是在已知的详细的人、事、物当中进行挑选；引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,且只能指物；Tell me which book you like better ,the red one or the blue one？ I will buy the book which you choose for you. 4A is to B what C is to D “ A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D 一样” ；Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载考点三 whoever, who 与 no matter who 1whoever 有两个作用,一是相当于 anyone who,引导名词性从句,可以懂得为 who 引导的定语从句修饰 anyone,因此表达的主体为“ 任何人” ；二是相当于no matter who,引导让步状语从句；Whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher. 是“ 人” 应当赔礼 2who 引导名词性从句时,有疑问语气,突出表达“ 谁 ” 这一件事；引导定语从句时代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语；Who came late yesterday was unknown. 是“ 谁迟到” 这件事不知道,而不是不熟悉这个人 3no matter who 只引导让步状语从句；No matter who you are ,you're welcome here. 考点四“ 疑问词ever” 和“no matter疑问词”1“ 疑问词 ever” 可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当肯定的成分；仍可引导让步状语从句；Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. However late he comes back,his wife will wait for him. 2“no matter疑问词” 只能引导让步状语从句；No matter who breaks the rule ,he must be punished. 考点五 that 引导宾语从句时的省略宾语从句中的连接词 that 通常可以省略,但在以下几种情形中 that 不能省略：1当从句前有插入语时,that 不行省略；We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us. 2当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时,引导其次个和以后的宾语从句中的 that 不能省略；He said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me. 3当 that 作介词宾语时,that 不行省略；The reason lies in that she works harder than the others. 4由 it 作形式宾语时,that 引导的宾语从句中,that 不行省略；I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time. 考点六 it 作形式主语的常见句型1It is名词 no wonder,an honor,a good thing ,a pity,no surprise 等 从句；It is no surprise that we will win the match. 2It is形容词 obvious ,true,natural,surprising ,good, funny,possible,likely ,certain 等 从句；It is certain that he will come. 3It be过去分词 said,reported,thought,expected, decided,announced 等从句；It is said that Mr Smith has arrived. 名师归纳总结 考点七doubt 后面的从句whether/if 引导, 同位语从句用whether 引导； 用于否定句时,第 2 页,共 8 页doubt 用于确定句时, 其后的宾语从句用宾语从句和同位语从句都用that 引导；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. I doubt whether/if Tom will recover. 12022 ·课标全国高考 It is by no means clear_the president can do to end the strike. A how Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 22022 ·北京高考 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A why Bhow Cthat Dwhether 32022 ·天津高考 It doesn't matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. A whether Bhow Cif D when 42022 ·上海高考 There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness. A why Bwhich Cthat Dwhether 52022 ·上海高考 We've only got this small bookcase.Will that do. No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A who Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 62022 ·重庆高考 Evidence has been found through years of study _ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A why Bhow Cwhether Dthat 72022 ·安徽高考 The limits of a person's intelligence ,generally speaking,are fixed at birth ,but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A where Bwhether C that Dwhy 82022 ·福建高考 We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A who Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever 92022 ·湖南高考 Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A why Bhow Cwhether Dwhen 102022 ·江苏高考 The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. A when Bthat Cwhether Dhow 112022 ·江西高考 It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. 名师归纳总结 A whether Bwhere C which Dthat 第 3 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载122022 ·辽宁高考 The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A wherever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhichever 132022 ·山东高考 It doesn't matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A how Bwhether Cwhat Dwhy 142022 ·陕西高考 As many as five courses are provided ,and you are free to choose _ suits you best. A whatever Bwhichever Cwhenever Dwherever 152022 ·四川高考 Scientists study_human brains work to make computers. A when Bhow C that Dwhether 162022 ·浙江高考 I made a promise to myself _ this year ,my first year in high school , would be different. A whether Bwhat Cthat Dhow 172022 ·北京高考 _Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A Which BWhat CThat DWhom 182022 ·北京高考 The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A what Bhow Cthat Dwhy 192022 ·上海高考 There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A what Bif Chow Dthat 202022 ·上海高考 The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. A why Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 212022 ·山东高考 I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer ,which is _ he never finishes anything. A that Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy 222022 ·山东高考 We've offered her the job ,but I don't know _ she'll accept it. A where Bwhat Cwhether Dwhich 232022 ·江西高考 The villagers have already known _ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge. A this B that Cwhat Dwhich 242022 ·江苏高考 It was never clear _ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. 名师归纳总结 A that Bhow Cwhen Dwhy 第 4 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载252022 ·安徽高考 His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A that Bhow Cwho Dwhat 262022 ·四川高考 Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A why Bhow Cwhat Dwhich 272022 ·辽宁高考 Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast. A what Bwho Chow Dwhy 282022 ·辽宁高考 When the news came _ the war broke out ,he decided to serve in the army. A since Bwhich Cthat Dbecause 292022 ·天津高考 Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. A what Bwhich Cthat Dwhere 302022 ·安徽皖南八校其次次联考 made us very proud. _ Mo Yan had been awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize for Literature A As BThat CWhich DWhat 312022 ·山西其次次四校联考 successful in your career. Generally speaking ,being hard-working is just _ it takes to be A what Bthat Cwhere Dwhich 322022 ·浙江名校联盟第一次联考_ made our school proud was _ more than 60% of the students were admitted to key universities in 2022. A What； because BThat； what C That；because DWhat；that 332022 ·福建四地六校联考 _ some teenagers don't realize is _ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. A What； what a BThat；what C What；how DThat；how 342022 ·河南中原名校联考You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to the little company. That's _ you've made a mistake.That company isn't well managed. A what Bwhy Cwhere Dhow 参考答案名师归纳总结 1D分析句子结构可知,it 为形式主语,代替的是后面的主语从句,在主语从句中,及物动词do第 5 页,共 8 页需要宾语,所以应选用连接代词what 引导该从句；句意：总统能做点儿什么来终止这场罢工根本不清晰；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载2C 句意：杰瑞不懊悔作出评论,但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达；分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中起连接作用,且不需要什么意义,所以选 C 项；3A 句意：在十字路口,你是向右拐仍是向左拐都无所谓,两条路都通向那个公园；whether 在此处引导主语从句,并与 or 呼应；4C 句意：友善通常是坦率所产生的结果,这句话很有哲理；这里用 that 引导同位语从句陈述一个事实,说明 idea 的详细内容,连接词在从句中不充当任何成分；5C 答句句意：我在找的是比这个大而且更牢固的东西；这里用 what 引导主语从句,在从句中作look for 的宾语；6D“ _children's early .grow up ” 在题中作 evidence 的同位语,说明 evidence 的内容, 为同位语从句,且为陈述句,应用 that 来引导；句意：几年的讨论说明,孩子早期的睡眠问题很可能在他们长大之后连续存在；应选 D 项；7B 句意：一般来说,一个人的智力极限在诞生时就确定了,但是能否达到这些极限却依靠后天的环境； where 和 why 引导名词性从句时,在从句中分别作地点状语和缘由状语；that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,也无词义；whether 引导名词性从句时,意为“ 是否 ” ；故只有 B 项符合题意；8C 句意：我们承诺向任何参与聚会的人供应一个和电影明星合影的机会；promise sb. sth.“ 向某人承诺某事 ”；此处用 whoever 引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语；应选 C 项；9C 分析句子结构可知,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句；句意：村里的每个人都很友善,你在此居住的时间长短没有关系；依据句意以及从句中最终的 or a long time 可知,此处 C 项正确；10B 空后的句意说明白通知的内容,所以挑选的是 notice 后面同位语从句的引导词,由于从句意义完整,不需要句子成分,所以应选用连接词 that；11D 句意：他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室里了；句首的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句, that 引导主语从句在从句中不作成分,但不能省略；12C此处为介词for 后面的宾语从句, 且从句中缺少及位物动词find 的宾语, 故排除 A 项和 B 项；句意：这个新来的人前几天进入一家图书馆搜寻他能找到的有关马克 项中进行挑选,不合句意；故 C 项正确；·吐温的东西； whichever 侧重在已知名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载13B 句意：在这家商店用现金或信用卡支付都是可以的；依据句中的 or 可以看出是两者, 表示 “ 或者” ,构成 whether.or.的形式；在此句中,it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store；应选 B 项；14B 句意：供应的课程多达五种,你可以任意挑选最适合你的一门课程；分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语,且依据句意可知选B 项； whatever“ 无论什么 ” ；whichever “ 无论哪一个 ” ；whenever“ 无论何时 ” ,wherever“ 无论何处 ” ；15B 句意：科学家通过讨论人类大脑是如何运转来制作电脑；此句中指大脑运转的方式,因此应选用 how；16C分析句子结构可知,that 在此处引导同位语从句,说明说明promise 的内容； that 引导同位语从句时,不作成分,也不行省略；17B 句意：巴巴拉 ·琼斯赐予她粉丝的是诚恳和欢乐；“_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans” 在句中作主语,为主语从句；what 引导主语从句并且在从句中作 offers 的宾语,应选 B 项；18 A 由从句中句式可看出为宾语从句,what 接后面的中心词 problems；而 how 后面接形容词或副词,因此应使用 what；句意：这个令人震动的消息使我意识到我们将会面临多么可怕的问题；应选 A项；19D 分析句子结构可知,该从句为同位语从句,详细说明 evidence 的内容；同位语从句中不缺少任何成分,排除 A 项和 C 项； if 不能引导同位语从句,故排除；20D 分析句子结构可知,介词 of 后面是一个宾语从句,宾语从句中 understand 后面缺少宾语,故选 what；why 不能作宾语； that 引导宾语从句时,不作成分；which 意为 “ 哪一个,哪一些” ,不合句意；21D 句意：唯恐他说的比做的多,这就是他一事无成的缘由；此处考查系动词 be 后的表语从句的引导词,依据句意,D 项正确；22C 此处是在及物动词 know 后面的宾语从句；且从句中主谓宾结构完整,故排除 B 项和 D 项；句意：我们已经供应应她这项工作了,但我不知道她是否情愿接受；故 C 项正确；23C 空格后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以挑选 what ；句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥梁；名师归纳总结 24D句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的缘由根本没有搞清晰；it 在句中是形式主语,真正第 7 页,共 8 页的主语是why 引导的主语从句；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载25D 句意：他的书写是那么纷乱,以至于想要弄明白他在试图表达什么是很困难的；what 引导名词性从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或者定语；分析题干可知,宾语从句中 express 后缺少宾语,故只有 what 适合题意；26Cwhat 在此引导宾语从句,在从句中作do 的宾语； 句意：我们的老师总是告知我们假如要胜利,我们要信任我们所做的和信任自我；27C句意：二十个同学想上旨在教会他们如何快速阅读的课；why 不能用于 “ 特别疑问词动词不定式 ” 结构中； what 在该结构中作动词的宾语；who 作主语； how 作方式状语；分析句子结构可知,此处 read 为不及物动词,被副词 fast 修饰；应选 C 项；28C that 引导同位语从句,对 news 进行说明说明；句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时,他打算参军；29C 名词 evidence 的含义是“ 迹象,证明” ,空格后的“ 吸烟会导致很多疾病” 就是 evidence 的详细内容； that 引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分；句意：现代科学有充分的证据说明吸烟会导致多种疾病；30B分析句子结构可知,谓语动词是made,故前面是主语从句,由于从句不缺少成分,故用that引导；句意：莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖让我们感觉特别骄傲；31A 句意：一般来说,刻苦恰恰是你事业胜利所需要的；it takes sth.to do sth.结构中, take 缺少宾语,应选 what,既引导表语从句,又在从句中作 takes 的宾语；32D 句意：让我们学校骄傲的是,在 2022 年百分之六十多的同学被重点高校录用了；主语从句缺少主语,故用 what 引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语；表语从句不缺少成分,故用 that 引导, that 不能省略；名师归纳总结 33C句意：一些青少年没有意识到的是他们吸毒上瘾之后生活会多么艰巨；第一个空填what 引导第 8 页,共 8 页主语从句并作realize 的宾语；其次个空填how 引导表语从句,修饰difficult ；C 项；34Cthat's 后面是表语从句,这个句子的意思是“ 那就是你犯错误的地方” ,应选- - - - - - -