2022年高考英语阅读理解做题技巧..docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语阅读懂得做题技巧（认真看本文,英语拿高分）2022 高考英语阅读懂得解题技巧解题技巧与方法指导概述高考阅读懂得题选材,一般遵循三个原就：1. 文章一般为5 篇（含信息匹配题）,阅读量在2500 单词左右；2. 题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3. 体裁多样,包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文、论述文等；因此,学会分析体裁的 才能对我们做好阅读懂得来说是特别重要的；由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络 层次,所以我们可以依据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁：记叙文往往按时间次序绽开段落,文章有明显表示时间先后的词语；阅读时抓住时间这 条主线,弄清 who、what、where、why 与 how；描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特点、性质；对这种文章要快速弄清 其主题,主题词往往显现在各个句子里,贯穿文章的始末；紧环绕这个主题进行阅读,找到文章与之有关的信息,并确定信息与主题的关系；说明文多见于科普文章,用以说明或揭示事物的状态、特点、演化、结果及其相互之间 的关系,这类文体的文章,首句往往是主题句,开门见山,说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系；论述文的阅读难在这种文章到处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度；阅读论述文应当从文体 的写作和结构特点入手； 文章的结构往往很简洁把握,用主题句开门见山；作者往往通过信号词 signal words 或transitional words 和关联词 referents 来组织段落、 文章 .对信号词的快速反应和对关联词的准确判定是至关重要的；要特殊留意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点,同时留意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情颜色的词汇；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载常见问题1. 关于文章主旨和大意的问题此类考题主要针对段落 或短文 的主题,主题思想,标题或目的,一般提问方式如下：1 Which is the best title of the passage.2 Which of the following is this passage about.3 What is the main topic of the passage？4 The subject discussed in this text is_ 5 Which of the following best statesthe theme of the passage 6 The passage tells us that_. 7 The passage is meant to .8 This passage mainly talks about_. 9 The passage is mostly about _10 The passage is mainly concernedabout _ 11 The general/main idea of the passage is about _ 12 The purpose of this article is to 13 In this passage thewriter tries to tell us that_.14 In this passage the author discusses primarily _15 The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 2. 关于文章事实和细节的问题此类考题主要针对文章的细节,一般提问方式如下：1 Which of the following is right.2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage.3 Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4 Which of the following is Not True in the passage.5 Which of the following is not mentioned. 6 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage.7 The author mentions all of the following except . . .8 The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _. 9 What is the example of . . . as described in the passage.10 Choose the right order of this passage.11 According to the passage, when where, why,how, who, etc. . 12 The reason for . . .is . . .13 From this passage we know that _. 14 In the passage, the author states that _.3. 推测词义的问题此类考题目要求考生能依据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的精确含义；一般提问方式 如下：1 The word “ ABC” in the passage probably means _.2 The underlined word “ ABC” in the passage refers to/ means_.3 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？4）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ 5 The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to_4. 关于对全篇规律关系的懂得、对文章各段、各句间规律关系的懂得的问题此类考题主要考查句语句之间,短语短之间的规律关系,一般提问方式如下：1 Many visitors come to the writers city to _.2 Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _. 3 Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4 Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station.5. 关于推理和判定的问题此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识,文章中虽然没有明确的答案,但考生在 懂得全文的基础上可以进行推理和判定其答案；一般提问方式如下：1 We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _. 2 We can infer from the text that _. 3 It can be inferred fromthe text that _.4 From the letters weve learned that it very _ to know something about American social customs.5 From the story we can guess _. 6 From the text we knowthat _. 7 What would be happy if .8 The story implies that_.9 The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.10 The writers attitude toward.is_.11 The author implied（suggested）that12 It may be concluded from the passagethat13 Which of the following statements does the passage support 14 With which of the following does the author agree？6. 关于作者意图、观点或态度的问题此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：1 How did the writer feel .2 The author seems to think that _.3 The writer writes this text to _. 4 The writer believes that _.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5 The writer suggests that _.6 The author wants to appeal to _ .7 The writer is trying to present a point of view in _. 8 The author s style is _ . 9 The authors tone would be best described as _ . 10 What is the authors opinion of _.11 Whatis the author's main purpose in the passage.12 Inthe author's opinion_. 题目类型 A 类题： 可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A 类题为拿分题丢分缘由：1）凭印象做题,精确率低；2）时间把握最简洁出问题：遗忘内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案,一篇文章往往要读好几遍；A 类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后,要在原文中划出原句,并标上题号；这样做的目的：1）做到万无一失,保证把该拿到的分数拿到手；2）削减阅读文章的次数,争取珍贵的时间；B 类题： 不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、 判定、推理之后才能解答的题；该类题是失分题,往往是出题人用来拉开同学梯度和层次的题；B 类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等,一般都是主旨题；B 类题解题技巧：1、以原文为依据,不参杂个人看法,要客观不要主观；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2、答案是比出来的；答案不选对的,只选最好的；由于, 有时候四个答案都是对的；所以,当看到第一答案是正确的时候,也要看后面的答案； 遇到这种情形, 往往有同学钻牛角尖；老师给同学说明的时候,也可以这样说： 你的答案没错, 但是另一个答案更好,更全面； 答案不选对的,只选最好的；比答案的原就是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的；3、留意确定化的词；假如答案选项中显现确定化的词,比如：all,always,never,nothing,every 等等,除非文章当中使用了该类词汇,否就,一般都要排除；比如,原文中显现了这样一个句子：Almost everyonelikes the music. 答题时,要你判定如下这个句子正误（True or False）：Everyone likes the music. < 该句子 应当是错误的；4、答案要防止以点带面,以偏盖全；特殊是多个选项都有道理,难以选择正确答案的时候,要留意选择最符合题目 要求的一个；5、 “傻瓜 ” 原就；文章中没有提到的就当时不知道,不要枉自推测,自作聪慧；一切以文章内容 为准；阅读懂得解题步骤1、第一步：先读题 2、其次步：读文章 3、第三步：解题实战阅读方法 1 巧用主题句并依据主题句确定短文的中心最有效的方法是找出主题句；一篇文章 的；而这个中心愿思往往由一个句子来概括；或一段文章 通常都是环绕一个中心愿思绽开 这个能概括文章或段落中心愿思的句子叫做主题句； 因此,懂得一个段落或一篇文章的中心愿思第一要学会查找主题句；主题句一般具有三个特点： 1 概括性强：表述的意思比较概括；2 结构简洁：句子结构较简洁,多数都不采纳长、难句的形式；3 受它支撑：段落中其他的句子是用来说明、支撑或进展该句所表述的主题思想；在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的位置情形有三种：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载主题句在段首或篇首 主题句在段首或篇首的情形相当普遍,其后的句子就是论证性细节；一般新闻报道、说 明文 , 谈论文、科技文献等大都采纳这种格式,即先总述,后分述的叙事方法；例文 1： All living things on the earth needother living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in agroup, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Eachkind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they forma food chain食物链 . Some food chainsbecome broken up if one of the links disappears.例文 2：People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they haven't eaten a mea l unless they have had steak or other redmeat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal ofspaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were calledfast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 主题句在段末或篇末主题句也会显现在段尾,即作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最终自然得出结论- 段落的主题；这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的归纳总结或者所得出的结论；因此,在阅读这种文章时,要留意表述细节的句子通常在前,概述性的句子在后,并以 此结尾；例文 1：If you buy some well-made clothes, youcan save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they havebeen washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does notmean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In otherwords, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensiveclothes.例文 2： Some students prefer a strict teacherwho tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on theirown. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teachingmethod can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 主题句在段落中间当主题句被支配在段中间时 , 通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合 乎规律的引申在文中导出 , 而后又作进一步的说明 , 支撑或进展 .例文： Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark nightif a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid ofthe dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. Acamper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.无主题句有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句；这时我们应当怎样来确定文章的主题或中心愿 思呢？其实这也不难；我们可以第一找出每一段的中心愿思,各段的中心愿思往往都是环绕 一个中心来绽开的,或者说是来说明一个问题的；这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题 或中心愿思；例文： Killer bees started in Brazil 1957 . A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted beesto make more honey蜂蜜 . So he put forty-six African beeswith some Brazilian bees. The bees bred 繁衍 and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt wantto make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-sixAfrican Brazilian bees outside.bees escaped and bred with the Scientistscould not control 掌握 the problem. The bees increased fast.They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now theyare in North America. They 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of beesgrows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.Whyare people afraid of killer bees. People are afraid for two reasons. First, thebees sting叮 many more times than usual bees. K iller bees can sting sixty times a minutenonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred beestings can kill a person.Already several hundred people aredead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over theUnited States. People can do nothing but wait.找出主题句后,再依据主题句定短文的中心 任意一篇文章通常是环绕一个中心绽开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联 系,而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句,通常置于段落的开头,有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；如把一个个主题句加以整理,你能悟出其中心 思想,同时仍可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰,但也有一 些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中,因而要综观全文,对全文有一个透彻的懂得才行；例如：Centre on Friday evening. 例 题 ： Myfriend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Theaccommodation wasnt wonderful, but we had everything we needed beds,blankets, food, and we were pleased to be out of the c ity and in the fresh air. On Saturday morning we met the otherten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin andSimon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were someother members I didn t know. We had come from differentplaces and none of us knew the area. We knew we were going to spend theweekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent themorning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed atlunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves 岩洞 first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing,we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased andexcited by what wed done. Thispassage mainly talks about _. A. the writers friends at the ActivityCenter B. the writers experience at theActivity Center C. outdoor sports at the ActivityCenter D. how to go rock-climbing and caving 在解主题大意时,以下方法可供参考；1 认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子；2 文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述；抓住反复显现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词；例文： If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are flexible 敏捷的 and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature特点 of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we nowlive in. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs moreeasily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage oftheir entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a jobwas communication skills, noted as "very important" by 92 percent ofthe companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills thatthey have been offered a wide variety of positions. Finally, although some social science majors may still find itmore difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job,recent graduates report that they don' t regret their choice of study. 3.文章或段落的主题句经常会显现在一些标志性的提示后；例如： On the whole, in short, ina word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude therefore I agree withthe opinion thatGiven allthese poi nts above, I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer 把握了找主题句的方法后,就可以依据主题句归纳主题；但归纳主题简洁显现以下三种错误,需要同学们留意；1 以偏概全；即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题；2 过于笼统；即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证；3 把观点强加给作者；读者往往依据自己的常识对文章进行判定而忽视了作者的见解；2 把握详细事实和重要细节：做细节事实题的方法在阅读懂得题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目；细节懂得题就是我们常见的 wh- 题,它们大多是依据文章中的详细信息如事实、例证、缘由、过程、论述等进行提问的；有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案,有些就要我们在懂得的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到,比如运算、排序、是非判定、图形比较等；做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子,再对相关的部分进行细读,排除干扰项,找出正确答案；2.1.是非题出题形式：a.三正一误：Which of the following is true except .Which of the following is mentioned exceptb.三误一正： Which of the following is true.这种做题方法主要与三正一误的以下问法相联系：名师归纳总结 Which of the following is mentioned except .第 9 页,共 18 页Which of the following is not mentioned- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载而且往往无列举标志词,如这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续显现在同一段,first ,second, third 等；做题时只需阅读有关段落,依据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其 他两个正确先项,剩下一个原文中未提到的,为正确答案；2.2 例证题对举例的考查为高考阅读懂得的常见考点之一,这类题的基本结构为:The author provides in line或 Paragraph an example in order to意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的；文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明肯定的道理；关键在于这个例子在原文显现的位置,但不管如何,这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话,这句话就是答案,即举例的目的； 假如例子与全文主题有关,就例证主题,答案为主题句；假如例子与段落主 题有关,就例证段落主题,就答案为段落主题句；此外,答案为例子前后总结说明性的话；2.3）岁月与数字 ：这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式显现,只要题干问岁月 与数字,答案就对应于文章中的岁月与数字；2.4） 比较： 比较考点的表现形式主要有：a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构； b.表示确定意义的字眼：first 第一 , least最不 ,most最 等； c.表示惟一性的词汇：only, unique 等；阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和确定意义的词汇,便于做题时回原文定位；2.5）