2022年高中宾语从句知识点大全.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause 一概念1. I know him . （简洁句）主语 谓语 宾语 2. I know who he is . （复杂句）主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语3.宾语从句的概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句4.句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句 二连词（引导词）连词：1.连接代词（ that ,who ,whom , what ,which ）2.连接副词（ when ,where,why,how ）3.从属连词（ if ,whether ）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句,用if 或 whether 引导 . 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括确定句和否定句）,连词由 that 引导,由于that 在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何详细意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略Lin Tao feels that his own team is even better. She says that she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought that the train was like a big moving party. He said that he would like to see the headmaster. 2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether 或 if 引导（口语中常用if）,由于 if/whether可翻译成：“ 是否” ,具有肯定的意义,所以不能省略；Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag. Let see if /whether we can find out some information about that city. She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books. 3. 当宾语从句是特别疑问句时,由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose ）或连接副词（when, where, how, why ）引导,由于连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任肯定的句子成分,具有肯定的意义,所以不行以省略Do you know what he said just now . I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who whom we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves . 三宾语从句可分为三类A.动词的宾语从句 1 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 例： He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 2 部分“ 动词 +副词” 结构也可以带宾语从句 例： I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 名师归纳总结 我发觉这场音乐会的全部票都卖光了. : 第 1 页,共 5 页3 动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - make sure 确保 make up ones mind 下决心 keep in mind 牢记 例： Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 4 可运用形式宾语it 代替的宾语从句等后面有宾语补足语的时候,就需要用it 做形式宾词 find,feel,consider,make,believe语而将 that 宾语从句后置 . I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. it . 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. 我厌恶他们满嘴食物时说话 I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 如宾语从句是wh- 类,就不行用it 代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不行信的 . B.介词的宾语从句 1.用 wh-类的介词宾语从句 例： We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在争论是否让同学加入我们的俱乐部 . 2.用 that,if 引导的介词宾语从句 有时候 except,but,besides 三个介词后可见到 that 引导的宾语从句 例： I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班 ,其他一无所知 . C.形容词的宾语从句用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised 例： I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试 . 四宾语从句的时态1. 假如主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时）,从句的时态可根据实际情形而定；I know he lives here. I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow . 2.假如主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时,过去进行时）,那么从句的时态肯定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时） I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it . 名师归纳总结 3. 当从句是客观真 理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在第 2 页,共 5 页时； The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth . - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 五宾语从句的语序 宾 语 从 句 的 语 序 必 须 是 陈 述 语 序 , 即 ： 连 接 词 + 主 语 + 谓 语 + 其 他 成 分 例 ：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know w hat they can do for us. 六连接词的挑选 1. whether 与 if 的挑选二者在引导宾语从句常常可互换；但以下情形下只用 1） 宾语从句置于句首时；如：Whether he will succeed, I cant say.他是否会胜利,我说不准；2） 宾语从句在介词后时；如：It depends on whether we have enough money. 这取决于我们是否有足够的钱 3） 后面紧跟 or not 时；如：whether ,不用 if ；I don t know whether or not she can arrive on time.我不知道他是否能按时到；2.that 与 what 的挑选That 只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,也无任何词义；起连接作用外,仍可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分；what 引导宾语从句时,除People have heard what the president has said, they are waiting to see _he will do. 2003 A. how B. what C. when D. that 分析：do 为及物动词,所选词要做其宾语,应选 B；3.连接代词 who ,whom, whose, what ,which , 和连接副词 how, when, where ,why 的挑选；连接代词和连接副词的挑选要把握两点：1）成分：连接代词在从句中作主语,、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词在从句中作状语；2）意义：无论是连接代词仍是连接副词,都有各自的意义；I remember _this used to be a quiet village. NMET93 A. when B. how C. where D. what 分析：宾语从句是主系表结构,且主语和表语齐全,故从句中缺少状语,可排除 D 项,再结合句意 “我记的这地方是个安静的村庄的时候”,应选 A；-Could you do me a favor. -It depends on _it is. 2006 北京 A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever A 分析：没有范畴的情形下用不能使用 which . 七引导宾语从句的 that 何时不能省略大家知道, that 引导宾语从句时,一般可以省略,但在以下情形下,引导宾语从句的常常不行省略；1.介词 except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时；如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. 那个瑞典人站着一动不动,只是嘴巴仍微微在动；2.That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时；如：I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves. 我认为,特别重要的是,我们必需对自己有信心；He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul. 他说,根据他的看法,雷锋是一个全心全意为人民服务的榜样；3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时；如：He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting. 他说,假如早回来的话,他会来参与会议的；Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the mid-term exam. 马里说,由于身体不好,她不行能在期中考试中得分最高 4.当 it 作形式宾语,后接 that 引导的宾语从句时；如：We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems. 我们已经说明,我们将学会处理各种难题 We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal. 我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的；5.当 that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that this 时,常不行省略；如：Comrade Wang told me that was why he was not a little tired. 王同志告知我那就是为什么他特别疲惫的缘由；He said that this was not his book, but his sisters.他说这不是他的书,而是他姐姐的书6.宾语从句不止一个时,第一个that 可以省略,而其它的that 常不行省略；如：I think that it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us. 我认为今日下午天会放晴,他们会来向我们辞别的；7.当 when,who, what ,where ,why ,how 等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时；如：I know what the time is and that the wind remains low. 我知道现在是什么时候,且风仍旧不大；I m sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life. 我特别清晰他住在什么地方,而且他生活得很幸福；8.that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时；如：That she ever said such a thing I simply dont believe我只是不信任她曾经说过这样一件事情；That you could complete the project so soon I never thought. 我完全没有想到这工程你们完成得这麽快；八形式宾语很多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句常常移到句子后部,而用 it 做形式宾语；结构常是：主语 +动词 +it+形容词 /名词等宾语补足语 +宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 九否定转移当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时,疑问部分的主语和名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系,此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移名师归纳总结 到对从句的否定上；如： I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, will they. 第 5 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -