2022年高考常用于考时态的十大句型、固定搭配和情态动词.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 常用于考时态的十大句型常考固定搭配情态动词的用法1、sb was doing sth when某人正在干某事这时 I was thinking about my new plan whan a good idea occurred to me. 我正在考虑我的新方案, 这时一个好想法出现出来；说明：在这个句中,主句的谓语动词通常是连续性动词,从句的失态用一般过去时, when 翻译成“ 这时” ；2、sb wasjust about to do sth when ,某人刚要干某事这时 They were just about to set out when it began to rain.他们刚要动身,这时下起雨来了；说明：在这个句型中,be just about to do 可以换成 sb was/were on the point of doing sth when , when 翻译成“ 这时” ；3、sb had just done when某人刚干完某事这时 I had just lain down when the telephone rang.我刚躺下,这时 铃响了；说明：在这个句型中, just 用于加强语气,也可以不要, when 翻译成“ 这时” ；4、it is the first/last time that sb has/have done某人第几次干某事 It is the second time that we have visited your 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - firm.我们是其次次参观你们的公司；说明：在“ 某人第几次干某事” 这个句中,that 之后的时态要用现在完成时,假如主句是 it was ,从句时态随之换成过去完成时；例如：It was the third time that we had seen this film star.我们是第三次观察这个电影明星；5、Hardly had sb done when sb did某人刚刚 干完某事这时 . Hardly had they arrived at the airport when they received a warm welcome.他们一到机场就受到 了热闹欢迎；说明：此句型完全可以换成用on sooner than ,在这个句型中,一是由于否认词hardly/no 在句首,主谓的次序要到装；二是hardly/no sooner 后的时态必需使用过去完成时,般过去时；when/than 之后的时态要用一6、it is/has been some time since sb did 某人干 完某事已多长时间It is /has been twenty years since my father joined the Party.我爸入党已经 20 年了；说明：在这个句中,假如主句是it was,那么 since的时态就要变成过去完成时,这叫做主句和从句的时态“ 同退一步”；7、It will be some time before sb do/does 过了 多长时间再做某事 It will be three months before we meet again.再名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 过 3 个月我们才能再见面；说明：这个句中也可以换成用it was before sb did ,例如：it was three minutes before the boy got dressed.过了三分钟男孩才穿衣服；8、If sb don t/doesn t do sth,nor will sb.假如某人 不 某人也不 If you don t go there,nor will I.假如你不去那儿,我也将不去；说明：在这个句型中要特殊留意时态,主句的时态用一般将来时,if引导的从句用一般现在时；常见的错误是：If you don t go there,nor do I. 9、sb did before sb did/could do某人仍将来得 及干,另一件事发生了 The boy rushed out before I realized what was happening.我仍没有意识到发生了什么事,那男孩就冲出去了；说明：在这个句型中,尽管before连接的两个动作有先后关系,但发生在先的动作并没有使用过去完成时；在英语中, 假如两个以上的动作接连发生,这时都用一般过去时；10、I don t know when she will come.我不知道她什么时候来；I have no idea when the meeting will begin. 我不知道会议什么时候开头；说明：英语中的时间状语从句和条件状语从句不能使用将来时态,但并非由此推论任何从句都不能使用将来时态；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 常考固定搭配1、常接 -ing 的动词、形容词或短语 Appreciate感谢；avoid防止；escape躲避；enjoy 喜爱；admit 承认；delay/put off/postpone 推迟；advocate 提倡 ；imagine 设想；fancy 想象,喜爱；suggest建议；finish终止；complete 完成；mind介意；risk 冒险；miss 错过；practise 实践；deny 否 认；keep/keep on 连续；can t help/resist 禁不住；stand忍耐；be busy忙于；be worth 值得；look forward to 希望；feel like 情愿；give up 舍弃；get down to着手；insist on坚持；stick to坚持；devote to贡献；jave difficulty/trouble in干某事有困难 ；be used to习惯；have a good/wonderful time in玩得很好2、常接不定式的动词 decide打算；determine to do=be determined to do打算；learn学会；want想要；hope期望；expect 期望；wish 愿望；refuse 拒绝；manage设法；pretend 假装；offer 情愿；promise 承诺；choose 挑选；plan 方案；agree 同意；afford 负担得起 ；attempt 试图；prepare预备；require要求；care想要；prefer宁愿；ask恳求；beg恳求；long期望 3、常接“ 疑问词 +不定式” 的动词或短语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 有些动词之后接“ how,what,whether,where,when,who 等疑问 词+动词不定式” ,如：I don t know what to do. =I don t know how to do it. = I don t know what I should do. = I don t know how I should do it.我不知道怎么办；这类动词或短语常用的有：tell告知；consider考虑；show展现；understand 懂得；explain 说明；teach 教诲；learn 明白；advise 建议；discuss 争论；wonder 想知道；find out 弄清 4、接不定式和 -ing 意思不同的动词1stop doing sth 停止在干的事； stop to do sth 停 下来干另外的事2try to do sth 设法干某事 ；try doing sth 试着干 某事3go on to do sth 连续干另外的事 ；go on doing 连续干同一件事4mean to do=plan to do 方案干 ；mean doing 意味着5consider to do 认为；consider doing 考虑去 做6remember to do 记住要干仍没干；remember 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - doing记得干过已干7forget to do 遗忘了要干仍没干；forget doing遗忘了干过已干 8 regret to say/tell遗 憾 地 告 诉 某 人 ； regret doing/having done 后悔干过9like to do sth 某一次喜爱干某事； like doing sth平常喜爱干某事10want to do sth；想要干某事；want doing某事需要干11need to do 有必要干某事；need doing=want doing某事需要干12require sb to do 要求某人干；require doing=need doing=want doing某事需要干 13can t help to do不能帮忙干 ；can t help doing sth 禁不住干某事 但：continue to do=continue doing 连续；intend to do=intend doing准备干5.其它常考的一些固定搭配1advise sb to do= advise doing 建议干2allow sb to do= allow doing 答应干3premit sb to do= premit doing 答应干4 forbid sb to do/ forbid doing 禁止干5have.done 让别人做自己不做；have doing名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 让 连续下去后接连续性动词6have sb do=make sb do使某人干7get done 让 干成；get doing 使 动起来；get done状态变化；get sb to do 请某人干8 make sb do 使某人干 ；make oneself done使成 状态“ 情态动词 +have done”表估计一览表情态动词 + have done 用法例句肯定已经做了They must have finished their must have done work. can t have done 不行能已经做了They cant have finished their workcould have done 可能已经做了或原来You could have used my computer may have done 可能做但未做because I didnt use it. 或许已经做了They may have finished their work.might have done 或许已经做了或原来You might have used my computer Should/ought to have 可以做但未做because I didnt use it.原来该做但未做You Should have studied hard. done need not have done 原来不必做但做了You need not have gone out. would rather have 过 去 宁 愿 做 但 未I would rather not have gone there. done 做would like to have 过去想做但未做I would like to have seen the film. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - donehad better have done 当时最好做了某事Yout better have gone there. “ 情态动词 +be doing”表估计一览表情态动词 + be doing 用法例句肯定正在做They must be watching TV now. must be doing 不行能正在做can t be doing They can t be watching TV now. 或许正在做May/might be doing They may be watching TV now. 口诀：“ 情动” 加上 have done,估计事情已经干；“ 情动” 加上 be doing,估计事情在进行；条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种,真实条件句用陈述语气, 虚拟条件句用虚拟语气；虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的重点虚拟条件句关键是要娴熟把握以下三大公式：三个相反从句主句与现在事实相反If sb did/were Sb would/should/could/might do 与过去事实相反If sb had doneSb would/should/could/might have done/have been与将来事实相反If sb did/were Sb would/should/could/might do If sb were to doIf sb should do1、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：有三种情形；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一是在动词 insist坚持,order命令,command命令,suggest建议,advise建议；Recommend建议,举荐,require要求,request恳求,demand要求,desire要求,愿望,等动词后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气,其结构为 原形” ,其中 should 可以省略；“ 主语 +should+动词把以上 10 个动词简称为 ：一个“ 坚持” ,两个“ 命令” ,三个“ 建议” ,四个“ 要求” ；二是动词 wish 之后接宾语从句肯定要用虚拟语气；从句的时态是：1、与过去事实相反用 had done/had been, 2、与现在事实相反用 did 或 were,3、与将来事实相反用“ would/might/could/should+动词原形” ；留意： wish 在简洁句中并非表示的是虚拟语气,如：wish you success.祝你胜利；三是在 would rather 的宾语从句中,也要使用虚拟语气,其从句中谓语动词的时态用一般过去时；如：I would rather you didn t hear what I said. 我宁愿你没有听到我说的话；2、主语从句中的虚拟语气 少数 “ it is+形容词 +that+主语+should+动词原形” ,其中should同样可以省略；常见形容词有：important,necessary,strange,unusual,curious,remarkable,surpri sing,desirable,natural等；3、定语从句中的虚拟语气名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - “ it ishigh/about time that+ 主语+动词的过去式, 或者 是“ should+动词原形” ；Time 是先行词 ,that 是引导词 ,其意思是“ 早该做什么事了”如： 1、It is high time that you went to school.=it is high time that you should go to school.你该上学了；2、It is about time that you picked up your daughter at school.= It is about time that you should pick up your daughter at school.你该去学校接你女儿了；熟 练 掌 握 强 调 句 型 ： 句 型 结 构 是 ： it is/was+被 强 调 部 分+that/who+句子原有部分；在强调句型中,强调人时,一般用 who,也可用 that,但强调时间,地点等时只能用1、强调主语2、强调地点状语3、强调时间状语4、强调宾语；not until的三大句型：例：妈妈回家之后我才睡觉；that,不能用 when,where等；正常 I did not go to bed until my mother come back home. 强调 It was not until my mother came back home that I went to bed. 倒装 Not until my mother came back home did I go to bed. 怎样识别 not until 是强调句仍是倒装句呢？很简洁,假如否认词 not 在句首,就是倒装句,假如 it 的 10 大句型it 在句首,就是强调句；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1、It was for the first time that I wrote to a foreign pen friend.这的确是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信；这是强调句型；复原为：I wrote to a foreign pen friend for the first time. 2、It is the first time that I have written to a foreign pen friend.这是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信 这是定语从句, that 之后的时态要用现在完成时态；3、It was eight when the class began. 8 点钟开头上课；这是时间状语从句,强调句型：It was at eight that the class began. 4、It is possible that I will enter this key university.我上这所重点高校是可能的；这是主语从句； It 是形式主语； that I will enter this key university 是真正主语；复原成：That I will enter this key university is possible. 5、It is/has been three years since he got married. 他结婚成家已经三年了；It is/has been some time since sb did 短暂性动词 sth.意为“ 自从某人干某事已经有多长时间” 例如：It is/has been three years since he worked here. 他不在这儿工作已经三年了；6、It will be one year before she finishes middle school.再有一年时间她就中学毕业了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It is/was/ will be some time before意为“ 过多长时间后再干 什么” ；7、It is high time we went to school.我们上学的时间到了；这时定语从句,在 It ishightime that 句型中 ,that 之后谓 语动词的时态要用一般过去时或 “ should+动词原形” ,属于虚拟 语气；8、It is said that a new factory will be built nearby my hometown.据说一家新工厂将见在我家乡邻近；这时主语从句；it is+过去分词 +that .；类似的句型仍有：It is reported that / It is known that / It is thought that / It is suggested that / It is believed that / It is hoped that 等；9、It looks as if it is going to snow.看起来要下雪了；这时表语从句,类似的句型仍有：It seems to sb that / It sohappened that / It appears to sb that=as if 等；10、 It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.我们把握一门外语是必需的；这是主语从句,在“It is+ 少数形容词 +that sb should do ”这种句型中,it 同样是形式主语,that 之后从句的谓语动词是“ should+动词原形” ,其中 should 可以省略；这样的形容词 有 necessary/important/unusual/strange/natural等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词 +have done 表估计 1、 must have done 肯定已经做了；They must have finished their work. 2、Can have done.可能已经做了；Can t have done.不行能已经做了；They can have finished homework so quickly. They can n have finished homework so quickly. They can have gone to bed since the door is closed.门关着,他们可能已经睡着了；3、Could have done.可能已经做过；Couldn t have done. 不行能已经做过；You could have used my computer because I didnt use it. you couldn t have used my computer. Could have done 的虚拟语气,表原来会做而未做；含批评,遗憾的语气；It was so fine yesterday,you could have come out for a walk. 昨每天气好 ,你原来可以出来散漫步的；4、would have done.表示虚拟,原来完全可以做,而没有做；I would have come to help you with the work yesterday but I was too busy.昨天我本想帮你做工作的,但我太忙了；5、should have done.表示虚拟,本应当做 ；should=ouqht to Shouldnt have done.本不应当做；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He shouldn t have swum in the lake alone. 他本不应当单独一人在湖里游泳；6、neednt have done.表示虚拟语气；原来不必做, “ 多此一举”You needn t have watered the flowers. 多此一举 7、will /shall have done. 表示将来完成时,不表示估计,也不表示虚拟；8、 may have done.或许已经做了；They may have finish homework. You may have read the book. 9、 might have done.或许已经做过,或原来做但未做；They might have won the match. 他们原来可以赢得这场竞赛；I might have passed the exam.我原来可以通过考试；10、neednt have done.原来不必做但做了；You need not have gone out.你不必出去；11、would rather have done.过去宁愿做但未做；I would rather not have gone there. 我宁愿没有去过哪儿；12、would like to have done. 过去想做但未做；I would like to have seen the film. 我过去想看场电影；13、had better have done.当时最好做了某事；You d better have gone there.你当时最好去哪儿；情态动词 +be going.表估计：Must be doing. 肯定正在做 Can t be doing.不行能正在做They must be watching TV now They can t be watching TV now 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - May/might be doing. 或许正在做They may be watching TV now 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 15 页